• No results found

AcfU`=b^ifmUbXDHG8

Chapter 10. Practical Implications

N_Xk [f k_\ Ïe[`e^j f] k_`j jkl[p `dgcp ]fi giXZk`Z\6 >`m\e k_\ eXkli\ f] k_\ i\j\XiZ_

kfg`ZÁdfiXc[`jki\jjÁ@]fle[k_`jhl\jk`fegXik`ZlcXicp`dgfikXek#[\j\im`e^k_fifl^_

[\c`Y\iXk`fe%K_`j`emfcm\[`[\ek`]p`e^k_\dX`e`dgc`ZXk`fej]fik_\`e[`m`[lXc#d`c`kXip#

gfc`k`ZXcXe[jfZ`\kXcc\m\cj#]fccfn\[YpXe\nj\XiZ_]fii\c\mXekc`k\iXkli\#`ec`e\n`k_

k_\ ^ifle[\[ k_\fip XggifXZ_ f] k_`j jkl[p% <m\eklXccp# X mXi`\kp f] Zfej`[\iXk`fej Xe[

jl^^\jk`fej\d\i^\[%K_`jZ_Xgk\i`j[\mfk\[kf[`jZljj`e^k_\j\#dfm`e^]ifdk_\`e[`m`[lXc

c\m\ckfk_\d`c`kXip#gfc`k`ZXcXe[jfZ`\kXcc\m\cj

H\Y=bX]j]XiU`UbX=bhYfdYfgcbU`@YjY`

9\^`ee`e^Xkk_\`e[`m`[lXcXe[`ek\ig\ijfeXcc\m\c#k_\]fccfn`e^`dgc`ZXk`fejg\ikX`ekf

dfiXccp [`jki\jj\[ m\k\iXej# k_\iXg`jkj# i\c`^`flj&jg`i`klXc Zflej\cfij# Zfcc\X^l\j# ]Xd`cp

d\dY\ij#]i`\e[jXe[fk_\i`e[`m`[lXcj%K_\Zfej`[\iXk`fejXe[jl^^\jk`fejZfeZ\iek_\

mXcl\f]]fZlj`e^fe^l`ckXe[YcXd\#X[[i\jj`e^j_Xɝ\i\[Xjjldgk`fej#[\m\cfg`e^Xdfi\

\cXYfiXk\dfiXcmfZXYlcXip#Xe[\eZfliX^`e^Yfk_`ekifjg\Zk`feXe[Å\okifjg\Zk`feÆ%

Guilt and Blame

Fe\f]k_\b\p`ej`^_kji\jlck`e^]ifdk_`jjkl[pÆjÏe[`e^j`jk_XkdfiXc[`jki\jj`j`e_\i\ekcp

k`\[kfdfiXchl\jk`fejf]^l`ck#j_Xd\Xe[YcXd\#hl\jk`fejk_Xke\\[kfY\kXb\ej\i`fljcp%

C`kqXe[_`jZfcc\X^l\j_Xm\XcjfdX[\k_`jgf`ek#Ylk^`m\ek_Xkk_\iXg`jkjXi\Åfɘ\ekff

\X^\ikfi\c`\m\^l`ck#Xe[#k_\i\Yp#le[\id`e\k_\gXk`\ekÆje\\[kf]\\ci\dfij\]lcÆ)''0#

g% .'* # `k j\\dj Xe `dgfikXek fe\ kf le[\ijZfi\% 8j C`kq Xe[ Zfcc\X^l\j Xi^l\# dfiXccp

[`jki\jj\[m\k\iXejj_flc[Y\XYc\kfjg\XbXYflkk_\\m\ekn`k_flk`kY\`e^\oZlj\[Xe[

k_ljn`k_flk`kY\`e^`emXc`[Xk\[%@ei\cXk`fekfk_`j#j\c]$]fi^`m\e\jjZXeY\Xe`dgfikXek

jk\gkfnXi[_\Xc`e^]ifddfiXc[`jki\jjC`kqet al.)''0#EXj_Xe[C`kq)'(* %Dpi\j\XiZ_

jl^^\jkj#dfi\fm\i#k_XkjlZ_jgXZ\]fidfiXcal[^d\ekjXe[]fi^`m\e\jj`jXcjfmXclXYc\`e

ZXj\jf]g\iZ\`m\[Y\kiXpXcXe[Xe^\i#n_\eYcXd\`j[`i\Zk\[kfnXi[fk_\ij%=fi`ejkXeZ\#

dp i\j\XiZ_ gf`ekj kf m\k\iXejÆ ]\ck e\\[ ]fi ^\el`e\ i\dfij\ Xe[ ^\el`e\ \ɕfikj f]

i\gXiXk`fefek_\gXikf]k_\gfc`k`ZXcc\X[\ij_`g#`efi[\ikfi\jkfi\Xm`fcXk\[dfiXci\cXk`fe

f][\g\e[\eZpXe[kiljk%

8k k_\ jXd\ k`d\# dp Ïe[`e^j `e[`ZXk\ k_Xk n_\e m\k\iXej b\\g ]\\c`e^ k_Xk k_\p fi

fk_\ij ]X`c `e Zfii\Zk`e^ k_\ `ealjk`Z\ [fe\# k_\p i\dX`e leXYc\ kf ^iXek k_\dj\cm\j fi

fk_\ij]fi^`m\e\jj%K_`jYi`e^jd\kfC`ɘfeÆjnfibfed`c`kXipkiXldX(0.* #`en_`Z__\

[`jk`e^l`j_\jY\kn\\eÅjkXk`Z^l`ckÆXe[ÅXe`dXk`e^^l`ckÆ%JkXk`Z^l`ck#C`ɘfeZcX`dj#`jXe

legif[lZk`m\b`e[f]^l`ck#fɘ\e]\ckXkfecpk_\leZfejZ`fljc\m\c%@kYi`e^jk_\m\k\iXeef

]lik_\i#c\Xm`e^_`djklZb`eXjg`iXcf]^l`ck#j_Xd\Xe[Xe^\i#Xe[`e]\\c`e^lenfik_p

183

Chapter 10 Practical ImplicationsPart 3 Conclusions: Theoretical and Practical Implications

f]^ff[k_`e^jkf_Xgg\e%JkXk`Z^l`ckd\Xejk_Xkk_\m\k\iXeb\\gj]fZlj`e^feg\iZ\`m\[

^l`ckXe[ZXeefk\em`j`fe_`dj\c]Y\pfe[k_Xk^l`ck%8e`dXk`e^^l`ck#`eZfekiXjk#`emfcm\j

XeÅXZk`m\`dX^\ipf]gfjj`Y`c`kpY\pfe[k_\^l`ck`kj\c]ÆXe[ÅYi`e^`e^fe\j\c]kfc`]\Xifle[

fe\Æj^l`ckÆC`ɘfe(0.*#g%(). %@k\ekX`cjXe`ek\iXZk`feY\kn\\eYcXd`e^fe\j\c]Xe[_Xm`e^

Xm`j`fef]X]lkli\n_\i\k_`jdXpefcfe^\iY\e\Z\jjXip%=fik_`ji\Xjfe#C`ɘfeXi^l\j#

Xe`dXk`e^^l`ck`jk_\b`e[k_XkZXe]fjk\i_\Xc`e^%=fccfn`e^C`ɘfe#Xj`d`cXi[`jk`eZk`fe

d`^_kY\dX[\Y\kn\\ejkXk`ZYcXd\Xe[Xe`dXk`e^YcXd\%@ek_\ZXj\f]jkXk`ZYcXd\#k_\

m\k\iXei\dX`ejjklZb`eXe^\iX^X`ejkk_fj\n_f_lik_`dXe[g\i_XgjXcjf`e\m\i$]X`c`e^

Xɝ\dgkj kf dXb\ k_\ nife^$[f\ij Zfii\Zk k_\`i nife^j% 8e`dXk`e^ YcXd\# `e ZfekiXjk#

`emfcm\jXe^\iXYflkk_\`ealjk`Z\[fe\Ypfk_\ij`eZfdY`eXk`fen`k_Xe`dX^\ipf]Xc`]\

Y\pfe[Xgi\fZZlgXk`fen`k_Xe^\i#\m\e`]k_`j`ealjk`Z\n`cce\m\iY\Zfii\Zk\[%KfY\jli\#

kiXej]fid`e^jkXk`Z^l`ckXe[YcXd\kfXe`dXk`e^^l`ckXe[YcXd\`j\Xj`\ijX`[k_Xe[fe\#

Ylk`kj\\djk_XkXeXnXi\e\jjf]jlZ_X[`jk`eZk`fed`^_kY\Xe`dgfikXekjkXik`e^gf`ek]fi

m\k\iXejjklZb`edfiXc[`jki\jj%

Jfd\d`^_kY\`eZc`e\[kfjXpk_Xk#Xkc\Xjk`eZc`e`ZXcgiXZk`Z\#X]fZljfe]fi^`m\e\jj

f]j\c]Xe[fk_\ij`j`eXggifgi`Xk\#Xjk_`jnflc[]fiZ\k_\k_\iXg`jkkfal[^\k_\XZZliXZpf]

XgXk`\ekÆj]\\c`e^jn_`c\k_\k_\iXg`jkÆjdfiXcal[^d\ekj_flc[Y\`ii\c\mXek%?fn\m\i#`k

j_flc[Y\efk\[#\ɕfikjkfXcc\m`Xk\^l`ckXi\aljkXjdlZ_YXj\[feXdfiXcal[^d\ekXjX

]fZljfe]fi^`m\e\jj`j%DXb`e^XdfiXcal[^d\ek`j`e\m`kXYc\Xe[XcnXpjY\Xiji\c\mXeZ\%

=fife\#`k`eÐl\eZ\jk_\Zflij\kXb\e`ek_\iXgpj\jj`fej#Xjk_\k_\iXg`jk_Xjkf[\Z`[\

n_\k_\i fi efk kf kip kf Z_Xcc\e^\ k_\ gXk`\ekÆj ]\\c`e^j f] ^l`ck Xe[ Xe^\i fi ki\Xk k_\d

XjXggifgi`Xk\\dfk`fej%=lik_\idfi\#aljkXj`cc$Zfej`[\i\[Zfe[\deXk`fef]XgXk`\ekÆj

XZk`fej d`^_k _Xid k_\ gXk`\ek# k_\ fggfj`k\ d`^_k Xcjf Y\ _Xid]lc% N_\e X m\k\iXeÆj

\ogi\jj`fejf]^l`ckXi\d\kn`k_\ɕfikjf][\i\jgfej`Y`c`qXk`fe#_\dXpg\iZ\`m\k_`jXjp\k

Xefk_\idfiXcY\kiXpXcXe[]\\c]lik_\iXc`\eXk\[]ifdfk_\ijj\\XcjfC`ɘfe(0.*#9`ZX(000#

9fl[i\Xl)'(( %8jjkXk\[#al[^`e^fe\ÆjfneXZk`fejXjnife^Xe[Åfne`e^lgÆkfk_\ddXp

Y\`dg\iXk`m\kfdXb\j\ej\f]k_\d%

Addressing Ethical Struggles

8 j\Zfe[ Zfej`[\iXk`fe ]fi k_\ `e[`m`[lXc c\m\c ZfeZ\iej k_\ mXcl\ f] ^f`e^ Y\pfe[ k_\

jg\Z`ÏZdfiXccp[`jki\jj`e^\m\ek%Dpi\j\XiZ_j_fn\[k_Xkm\k\iXejdXpjkil^^c\efkfecp

n`k_]\\c`e^jf]^l`ckXe[Xe^\iXYflkXgXik`ZlcXi\m\ek#YlkXcjfn`k_Xdfi\^\e\iXcj\ej\

f] dfiXc [`jfi`\ekXk`fe Xe[ i\jlckXek \k_`ZXc hl\jk`fej% K_fl^_ C`kq Xe[ _`j Zfcc\X^l\j

c`b\n`j\XZbefnc\[^\k_XkXÅdfiXccp`eali`flj\m\ekÆm`fcXk\jÅY\c`\]jXYflki`^_kXe[nife^

Xe[g\ijfeXc^ff[e\jjÆ)''0#g%-0/ #k_\`iki\Xkd\ekdf[\c`jZfeÏe\[kfY\c`\]jXYflkk_\

\m\ekXe[[f\jefkX[[i\jjn`[\iY\c`\]j%Kfi\`k\iXk\Xd\kXg_filj\[\Xic`\i#k_\`idf[\c

X[[i\jj\jk_\`ealip#Ylkefkk_\Z_Xe^\[dfiXcÅYf[pÆ%

I\m`\n`e^k_\c`k\iXkli\feki\Xkd\ekjk_Xkd`^_k_\cgÏcck_`j^XgYifl^_kd\kfk_\

J_Xɝ\i\[8jjldgk`fejK_\fipAXefɕ$9lcdXe(00) #n_`Z_[f\jXɝ\e[kfXg\ijfeÆjn`[\i

Y\c`\]j# ZcX`d`e^ k_Xk Xe \m\ek `j kiXldXk`Z Y\ZXlj\ `k j_Xɝ\ij Zfi\ Xjjldgk`fej XYflk

k_\j\c]Xe[k_\nfic[%8ZZfi[`e^kfk_`jk_\fip#Xccg\fgc\`e`k`Xccp_fc[k_\leZfejZ`flj

184

Part 3 Conclusions: Theoretical and Practical ImplicationsChapter 10 Practical Implications

Xjjldgk`fek_Xkk_\nfic[`jY\e\mfc\ekk_Xkg\fgc\\jj\ek`XccpXi\^\el`e\ #k_Xkk_\nfic[

`jd\Xe`e^]lck_Xkk_`e^j`ec`]\^\e\iXccpdXb\j\ej\#k_Xkc`]\`j]X`iXe[k_Xkg\fgc\^\k

n_Xk k_\p [\j\im\ # Xe[ k_Xk k_\ j\c] `j nfik_p k_Xk k_\p k_\dj\cm\j lck`dXk\cp Xi\ ^ff[

g\ijfej nfik_p f] ^ff[ k_`e^j % <ogfjli\ kf lɝ\icp Zil\c fi d\Xe`e^c\jj \m\ekj m`fcXk\j

k_\j\Xjjldgk`fej%Gifg\iki\Xkd\ek#k_\i\]fi\#_XjkfX[[i\jjefkfecpk_\kiXldXk`Z\m\ek

YlkXcjfk_\Xjjldgk`fej`k_Xjj_Xɝ\i\[#eXd\cpYpgifdfk`e^Xdfi\Ð\o`Yc\j\c]$Xe[

nfic[$m`\nk_XkZXeY\i\ZfeZ`c\[n`k_k_\kiXldX%K_`jdfi\Ð\o`Yc\m`\nnflc[_fc[k_Xk

ÅRkT_\nfic[`jY\e\mfc\ek#YlkefkXYjfclk\cp2\m\ekjk_Xk_Xgg\edXb\j\ej\#YlkefkXcnXpj2

k_\j\c]ZXeY\Zflek\[fekfY\[\Z\ekXe[Zfdg\k\ek#Ylk_\cgc\jje\jj`jXkk`d\jXi\Xc`kpÆ

AXefɕ$9lcdXe(00)#g%(.+ %

K_\J_Xɝ\i\[8jjldgk`fejK_\fipXggifXZ_dXb\j`kgfjj`Yc\kfX[[i\jjk_\gfk\ek`Xc

[XdX^\[fe\kfXm\k\iXeÆj]le[Xd\ekXcdfiXcY\c`\]j%P\k#knfk_`e^jd`^_kY\X[[\[kf

k_`jXggifXZ_%=`ijk#Y\j`[\jk_\Y\c`\]jXe[\og\ZkXk`fejk_Xkdfjkg\fgc\Xi^lXYcp_fc[k_\

nfic[XjY\e\mfc\ek#Xe[jffe #Y\c`\]jXe[\og\ZkXk`fek_XkXi\dfi\gXik`ZlcXikfZ\ikX`e

^iflgj fi `e[`m`[lXcj dXp Xcjf Y\ nfik_ X[[i\jj`e^% @e k_\ ZXj\ f] X dfiXccp [`jki\jj\[

jfc[`\i#fe\Zflc[k_`ebf]kpg`ZXcd`c`kXipmXcl\jjlZ_XjZfdiX[\j_`gXe[ZfliX^\%8cjf#

fe\Zflc[Zfej`[\ik_\jfc[`\iÆjd`c`kXipifc\%8ZfddXe[\in`cc]\\cgXik`ZlcXicpi\jgfej`Yc\

]fi _`j le`kÆj jX]\kp# n_\i\Xj X d`c`kXip elij\ n`cc ]\\c gXik`ZlcXicp Zfdd`ɝ\[ kf _\cg`e^

fk_\ijn`k_flk\oZ\gk`fe%<ogc`ZXk`e^k_\ifc\f]jlZ_dfi\jg\Z`ÏZY\c`\]jXe[\og\ZkXk`fej

`ejkXeZ\# k_Xk k_\ m\k\iXe fYkX`ej X Y\ɝ\i le[\ijkXe[`e^ f] dfiXc`kp `e ^\e\iXc Xe[ k_\

dfiXcZfdgc\o`kpf]nXiXe[d`c`kXipXZk`fe`egXik`ZlcXi#kfY\Y\ɝ\iXYc\kfdXb\j\ej\

f]k_\[`jfi`\ekXk`fe_\]\\cj#Xe[k_ljkfÏe[i\$fi`\ekXk`fe%1 The more elaborate moral mfZXYlcXipXi^l\[]fi`ek_\gi\m`fljj\Zk`feZflc[gifm`[\_\cg]lcnfi[j`ek_`jgifZ\jj%

The Value of a Moral Vocabulary

8k_`i[Zfej`[\iXk`fei\jlck`e^]ifdk_`jjkl[pZfeZ\iejk_\mXcl\f]Xe\cXYfiXk\mfZXYlcXip

kf[\Xcn`k_dfiXc[`jki\jj%DpÏe[`e^j`e[`ZXk\k_XkYfk_m\k\iXejXe[k_\`i\em`ifed\ek

% G]a]`Uf`m J]YhbUajYhYfUb#d\]`cgcd\Yf6]WU%--- d",&Uf[iYgZcfh\YjU`iYcZYbUV`]b[UÃacfU``m]b^ifYXÄjYhYfUbÃhc

ibXYfghUbXh\Yh\YcfYh]WU`bUhifYcZkUf¿]hgacfU` gcW]U` UbXdc`]h]WU`ibXYfd]bb]b[g¿h\YdfcZcibX]bXcWhf]bUh]cb

process he has endured, the nature of moral values, and the existential reality of war’. However, as his use of ‘indoctrination’

indicates, Bica bends toward an anti-war approach that frames military ideals and self-perceptions as deceptive myths, which may not be helpful to veterans who do not agree with this stance.

185

Chapter 10 Practical ImplicationsPart 3 Conclusions: Theoretical and Practical Implications

Zlii\ekcp cXZb k_\ cXe^lX^\ kf X[[i\jj k_\ gfk\ek`Xc dfiXc XdY`mXc\eZ\ f] m\k\iXejÆ

\og\i`\eZ\j%K_\pcXZb#]fi`ejkXeZ\#Xgifg\infi[]fi]\\c`e^^l`ckpXe[efk^l`ckpXkk_\

jXd\k`d\Xe[^\e\iXccpcXZbXmX`cXYc\Åjkfi`\jÆn`k_n_`Z_kf^iXjgXe[\ogcX`e\og\i`\eZ\j

f]dfiXc[`jki\jj%K_`jXYj\eZ\`jefkaljkXe`jjl\f]i\gi\j\ekXk`feXe[Zfddle`ZXk`fe%8j

j_fne#cXe^lX^\Xe[jkfi`\jXi\f]gXiXdflek`dgfikXeZ\]fidXb`e^j\ej\Xe[Zfd`e^kf

k\idjn`k_fe\Æj\og\i`\eZ\j%

J\m\iXcfk_\ijZ_fcXij_Xm\Xcjfefk\[k_Xkgi\j\ek$[XpjfZ`\k`\jcXZbX[\hlXk\cXe^lX^\

]fik_\dfiXcZfdgc\o`k`\jf]d`c`kXipgiXZk`Z\%M\ibXdg(00* #]fi`ejkXeZ\#Zfek\e[jk_Xk

jfc[`\ijÆ]\\c`e^jf]^l`ckXi\fɘ\ei\[lZ\[kfXe`jjl\k_Xke\\[jgjpZ_fcf^`ZXcki\Xkd\ek#

n_`c\B`e^_fie)'() Xi^l\jk_Xkk_\dfiXcXjg\Zkjf]nXiXZkjk\e[kfY\al[^\[`ec\^Xc

k\idj fecp# eXd\cp Yp k_\ jkXe[Xi[j f] k_\ >\e\mX :fem\ek`fej Xe[ d`c`kXip Ilc\j f]

<e^X^\d\ek%M\ibXdg(00* Xe[K`Zb)'', gf`ekflkk_XkjfZ`\k`\jlj\[kf_Xm\jg`i`klXc

Xe[jpdYfc`ZgiXZk`Z\jkf^l`[\nXii`fijk_ifl^_nXi]Xi\#Ylkk_\j\efcfe^\i\o`jk%

K_\j\ [\m\cfgd\ekj Xi\ gifYc\dXk`Z ]fi k_\ jXd\ i\Xjfe1 m\k\iXej Xi\ c\ɘ n`k_flk

ZfejkilZk`m\ eXiiXk`m\j kf [\Xc n`k_ k_\ dfiXc `dgXZk f] _Xm`e^ ^fe\ kf nXi% Ef dXɝ\i

_fnc\^Xccpaljk`Ï\[k_\XZk`fejf]Xjfc[`\iXi\#k_\j\XZk`fejdXpjk`cc_Xm\nfle[\[_`d%

J`d`cXicp#efdXɝ\i_fn[pj]leZk`feXc^l`ck]\\c`e^jdXpY\`egjpZ_fcf^`ZXck\idj#k_\j\

]\\c`e^jdXpXcjfY\Zfej`[\i\[Xggifgi`Xk\%@kj_flc[Y\X[[\[#_fn\m\i#k_XkefdXɝ\i_fn

Å`e_ldXe\ÆXe[ÅdfejkifljÆXe`e[`m`[lXcÆjXZk`fejdXpY\XZZfi[`e^kfjfZ`\kXcjkXe[Xi[j#

k_\kiX^\[pf]m`fc\eZ\`jk_Xk`k`jm\ip_ldXe%

8[[i\jj`e^ k_\ dfiXc `dgXZk f] d`c`kXip giXZk`Z\# k_\e# j\\dj kf i\hl`i\ X dfi\

Zfdgc\odfiXcmfZXYlcXipk_Xefe\c`d`k\[kfY`eXipZXk\^fi`\jjlZ_XjÅ^l`ckpÁ`eefZ\ekÆ#

Åi\jgfej`Yc\Áefki\jgfej`Yc\Æ#Åg\ig\kiXkfiÁm`Zk`dÆ#Å`e_ldXe\Á_ldXe\ÆXe[Å]leZk`feXcÁ [pj]leZk`feXc^l`ckÆ%@kj\\djkfi\hl`i\XY\ɝ\ile[\ijkXe[`e^f]jlZ_k\idjXjÅmXcl\jÆ#

ÅefidjÆXe[Å[`c\ddXjÆ%8j;lkZ_jfc[`\ij_Xm\i\gfik\[9XXic\\kXc%)'(. #le[\ijkXe[`e^

ethical terms helped them to recognize, understand and communicate about moral [`c\ddXjfe[\gcfpd\ek#n_`Z_`e[`ZXk\jk_Xk_Xm`e^Xdfi\\cXYfiXk\dfiXcmfZXYlcXip

dXpXcjfnfibgi\m\ek`m\cp%

F]Zflij\#`eX[[`k`fekfj\gXiXk\nfi[j#eXiiXk`m\jgcXpXe`dgfikXekifc\`ed\Xe`e^$

dXb`e^#Xe[Y\j`[\jcXe^lX^\#k_\ifc\f]giXZk`Z\jj_flc[efkY\]fi^fɝ\e%K_\j\`jjl\jXi\

addressed in the section on the societal level (see below), which will discuss ancient and new Ågli`ÏZXk`feÆi`klXcjXe[k_\eXiiXk`m\jk_\pZfem\pXYflknXi%

Encouraging both Introspection and ‘Extrospection’

8 ÏeXc `dgfikXek jl^^\jk`fe ]fi k_\ `e[`m`[lXc c\m\c ZfeZ\iej k_\ mXcl\ f] ^f`e^ Y\pfe[

`ekifjg\Zk`fe%8jk_`jjkl[pj_fn\[#dfiXc\dfk`fejXi\efkfecpXYflkfe\Æji\cXk`fekf

fe\j\c]YlkXcjfXYflkfe\Æji\cXk`fekffk_\ij%8e^\i`jljlXccp[`i\Zk\[XkXefk_\ig\ijfe#

Xe[]\\c`e^jf]^l`ckXe[j_Xd\_Xm\kf[fn`k__fnfe\g\iZ\`m\jfe\j\c]Xjj\\ek_ifl^_

k_\\p\jf]fk_\ij%8ZZfi[`e^cp#dfiXc[`jki\jjdXpgifmfb\Z\ikX`eY\_Xm`fikffk_\ij#]fi

`ejkXeZ\#Xgi\fZZlgXk`fen`k_`ealjk`Z\\ogi\jj\[`emfclek\\infibXe[&fi`eX^^i\jj`m\

i\jgfej\jkf[X`cp`ealjk`Z\j%

186

Part 3 Conclusions: Theoretical and Practical ImplicationsChapter 10 Practical Implications

Because moral distress has such a strong social dimension, a veteran should be enabled kfcffbefkfecp`enXi[YlkflknXi[Xjn\cc%C`ɘfe(0.* Xe[9`ZX(000 #n_fj_Xi\k_`j

Zfek\ek`fe#gf`ekflkk_\`dgfikXeZ\f]\eXYc`e^Xm\k\iXekfle[\ijkXe[_`j\og\i`\eZ\

`ek_\Zfek\okf]k_\`dX^\jXe[i_\kfi`Zgi\mX`c`e^`ejfZ`\kpXYflknXi#k_\Xid\[]fiZ\j

Xe[d`c`kXipXZk`fe%I\^Xi[`e^XZk`m\]fidjf]Å\okifjg\Zk`feÆ#C`kqet al%)''0 \dg_Xj`q\

k_\ _\Xc`e^ gfn\i f] ÅdXb`e^ Xd\e[jÆ# n_`c\ J_Xp (00+  Xi^l\j ]fi Y\`e^ XYc\ kf j_Xi\

fe\Æj\og\i`\eZ\jn`k_k_\n`[\Zfddle`kpn`k_flkZfe[\deXk`fe%J_XkXe(0.* jXpjk_Xk

Zfcc\Zk`m\j\c]$_\cg\ɕfikjdXpY\`ejkild\ekXc`e_\Xc`e^%@ej_fik#cffb`e^flknXi[Xe[

^f`e^flkj`[\k_\j\c]#Yfk_Ï^liXk`m\cpXe[c`k\iXccp#dXp_\cgdfiXccp[`jki\jj\[m\k\iXej

i\$\e^X^\n`k_k_\nfic[`en_`Z_k_\pc`m\%

H\Y@YjY`cZh\YA]`]hUfmCf[Ub]nUh]cb

AljkXj`kdXpY\mXclXYc\]fim\k\iXejkfcffbflknXi[#`k`j`dgfikXekk_Xk\ɕfikjkfX[[i\jj

dfiXc[`jki\jj^fY\pfe[k_\c\m\cf]k_\`e[`m`[lXcm\k\iXe%9\]fi\Zfej`[\i`e^k_`jjkl[pÆj

`dgc`ZXk`fej]fik_\gfc`k`ZXcXe[jfZ`\kXcc\m\c#`k`jnfik_cffb`e^XkXc\m\ck_Xk_Xji\Z\`m\[

ef\ogc`Z`kXɝ\ek`fejf]Xi#eXd\cpk_\c\m\cf]k_\d`c`kXipfi^Xe`qXk`fe%

N_\e i\j\XiZ_\ij Xe[ gfc`Zp dXb\ij [`jZljj _fn k_\ d`c`kXip ZXe _\cg gi\m\ek d\ekXc

_\Xck_gifYc\dj#k_\Xejn\i`jljlXccp1^ff[kiX`e`e^#\k_`ZXcc\X[\ij_`gXe[le`kjlggfikj\\

\%^%:fjjXi)''/#Afe\jet al%)'()#M\id\ɝ\eet al%)'(+ %K_`j`jXcjfk_\ZXj\`e[`jZljj`fejfe

ÅdfiXc`ealipÆB`ce\i)'')#J_Xp)'')#=iXeb]likXe[=iXq`\i)'(- %8Zlii\ekcpgfglcXiXejn\i

`j i\j`c`\eZ\# n_`Z_ i\]\ij kf k_\ XY`c`kp kf ÅYfleZ\ YXZbÆ Xɘ\i jki\jj]lc \m\ekj% I\j`c`\eZ\$

gifdfk`e^kiX`e`e^Xe[c\X[\ij_`g#`k`jY\c`\m\[#nflc[jlYjkXek`Xccp[\Zi\Xj\k_\i`jbf]GKJ;

Xe[fk_\i[`jfi[\ijXe[gfjj`Ycp\m\e]fjk\iÅgfjk$kiXldXk`Z^ifnk_ÆK\[\jZ_`Xe[:Xc_fle

1993, APA 2011, Eidelson et al%)'((#C\jk\iet al%)'((#9f\idXejm%)'()#Dlcc`^Xeet al%)'() %9lk

n_Xk[fÅ^ff[kiX`e`e^Æ#Å\k_`ZXcc\X[\ij_`gÆ#Åle`kjlggfikÆXe[Åi\j`c`\eZ\Æ\ekX`c\oXZkcp6K_\

`ek\igi\kXk`fej^`m\eXi\[`m\ij\#`]]fidlcXk\[XkXcc#Xe[fɘ\en`k_flkZi`k`ZXcZfej`[\iXk`fe

j\\\%^%<`[\cjfeet al%)'((#DXZC\`j_)'()]fiZi`k`ZXc\mXclXk`fej %

9\cfn#@Zfej`[\iknfgi\mXc\ek#^\e\iXccplehl\jk`fe\[`ek\igi\kXk`fej1\eZfliX^`e^

Xj\ej\f]gligfj\Xe[gifdfk`e^XZXe$[fd`e[j\k%K_`jn`ccj_fnk_Xkn_XkdXpj\\d

^ff[# \k_`ZXc# Xe[ jf fe# dXp _Xm\ Zfej`[\iXYc\ [fnej`[\j% 8ɘ\i [`jZljj`e^ k_\j\ knf

`ek\igi\kXk`fej#n_`Z_j\im\XjXnXie`e^X^X`ejkk_\g\i`cjf]`dgfj`e^Xj\ej\f]gligfj\

Xe[Xfe\$[`d\ej`feXcZXe$[fd`e[j\k#@n`cc[`jZljjj\m\iXcXck\ieXk`m\j%

9bWcifU[YU>igh]Zm]b[GYbgYcZDifdcgY3

>`m\e k_Xk ]\\c`e^j f] ^l`ck Xe[ j\ej\c\jje\jj Zfeki`Ylk\ kf dfiXc [`jki\jj# `k dXp j\\d

_\cg]lckfZfem`eZ\jfc[`\ijk_Xkk_\`iXZk`fejn\i\XZklXccpaljk`Ï\[Xe[d\Xe`e^]lc%@e[\\[#

jlZ_\ɕfikj_Xm\Y\\ej`^eXc\[#`ek_\LJXid\[]fiZ\jXkc\Xjk%LJd`c`kXipZ_XgcX`ejXe[

gjpZ_fcf^`jkj_Xm\i\gfik\[kip`e^kf_\cgjfc[`\ijjkil^^c`e^n`k_^l`ckYpaljk`]p`e^k_\`i

187

Chapter 10 Practical ImplicationsPart 3 Conclusions: Theoretical and Practical Implications

XZk`fejC`ɘfe(0.*#B`ce\i)'(' %:lii\ekcpk_\cXi^\jki\j`c`\eZ\kiX`e`e^gif^iXd`ek_\LJ

d`c`kXip\eZfliX^\jXj\ej\f]d\Xe`e^Xe[gligfj\`eg\ijfee\c`efi[\ikfgi\m\ekd\ekXc

health problems (Hammer et al%)'(*#DXɝ_\nj)'(* %8ZZfi[`e^kfLJC`\lk\eXek$Zfcfe\c

B`ce\i)'')#)'(' #d`c`kXipc\X[\ij_Xm\Åk_\fYc`^Xk`fekfaljk`]pb`cc`e^Æjfk_Xkjfc[`\ij

n`ccefkjlɕ\i^l`ck%

N_`c\ \ogc`Z`k aljk`ÏZXk`fe dXp Xggcp kf jfd\ Xid\[ ]fiZ\j dfi\ k_Xe fk_\ij# dXep

d`c`kXi`\j [\g`Zk d`c`kXip giXZk`Z\ Xj m`iklflj Xe[ d\Xe`e^]lc# ]fi `ejkXeZ\ `e k_\`i

i\Zil`kd\ek ZXdgX`^ej j\\ \%^% Nff[nXi[ )'''# ;lkZ_ D`e`jkip f] ;\]\ej\ )'(*# )'(.#

?\`e)'(+ %?fn\m\i#dpÏe[`e^jj_fn\[k_Xkjfd\j`klXk`fej[fefkXccfnjfc[`\ijkfj\\

k_\`iafYXjjlZ_%K_\pjl^^\jkk_Xkm\k\iXejdXpj\\dfi\mXcl\`eZfe[\de`e^k_\`ifne

fifk_\ijÆXZk`fejXe[`e[\efleZ`e^k_\`id`jj`feXjd\Xe`e^c\jj#n_\i\Xjk_\`dgfj`k`fe

f]Xaljk`]p`e^j\ej\f]gligfj\dXp`ejk\X[Zi\Xk\XÅglgg\kj_fnÆ\og\i`\eZ\f]]Xb\e\jj

Xe[ Y\kiXpXc% K_`j `j `e c`e\ n`k_ c`k\iXkli\ j_fn`e^ k_Xk Yfk_ ZfeÏ[\eZ\ Xe[ [flYk ZXe

fɕ\i^l`[XeZ\#Xe[k_Xkefkfecpgi`[\YlkXcjf^l`ck#YcXd\Xe[i\^i\kZXe^`m\d\Xe`e^

kffe\Æjc`]\C`ɘfe(0.*#?\c[)''+#C`kqet al%)''0#I`\km\c[)''0 #Xe[n`k_k_\]XZkk_Xk

d`c`kXipgiXZk`Z\`j`e\m`kXYcpdfiXccpZfdgc\o%@dgfj`e^Xaljk`]p`e^j\ej\f]gligfj\#k_lj#

dXpXZklXccp_Xm\`Xkif^\e`ZZfej\hl\eZ\j%@kdXpefkfecp^`m\i`j\kfXj\ej\f]Y\kiXpXc

Xɘ\ijfc[`\iji\klie]ifd[\gcfpd\ek#YlkXcjf`eZi\Xj\k_\i`jbk_Xkk_\pn`cc[fk_`e^jfe

[\gcfpd\ekk_\pn`cccXk\iZfd\kfi\^i\k%

Fm\icpcXl[XkfipgfikiXpXcjf]d\ekXc_\Xck_`ek\im\ek`fej#`k`jnfik_efk`e^#ZXiipj`d`cXi

[Xe^\ij% :lii\ek jkl[`\j fe i\j`c`\eZ\ \dg_Xj`q\ k_Xk [\gcfpd\ek `j Xe fggfikle`kp ]fi

g\ijfeXc^ifnk_Xe[jg\XbXdY`k`fljcpXYflkk_\gfk\ek`Xcf]i\j`c`\eZ\kiX`e`e^kfgi\m\ek

mental health problems (Eidelson et al%)'((#DXZC\`j_)'() %K_\j\jkl[`\j_pgfk_\j`q\#]fi

`ejkXeZ\#k_Xki\j`c`\eZ\jb`ccj\e_XeZ\k_\ÅXY`c`kpkf_Xe[c\X[m\ij`kp#gi\m\ek[\gi\jj`fe

Xe[Xeo`\kp#gi\m\ekGKJ;#Xe[\e_XeZ\fm\iXccn\cc$Y\`e^Xe[g\i]fidXeZ\ÆI\`m`Z_et al%

)'((1)- %J`d`cXicp#XjZi`k`ZXcjZ_fcXij_Xm\gf`ek\[flk#\mXclXk`fejf]k_\Zlii\ekcpcXi^\jk

i\j`c`\eZ\kiX`e`e^gif^iXd_Xm\Y\\eÅfm\icp\ek_lj`Xjk`ZÆ#Zfek`el`e^XÅ_`jkfipf]_pg`e^

k_Xk Y\^Xe n`k_ k_\ gif^iXdÆj `e`k`Xc [\m\cfgd\ek ifcc$flkÆ <`[\cjfe Xe[ Jfc[q )'()# g%

( %IXk_\ik_Xegifdfk\gfj`k`m\k_`eb`e^`ejfc[`\ij#jlZ_b\\e_pg\dXpX[m\ij\cpXɕ\Zk

k_\d%KfY\jli\#\dg_Xj`q`e^i\j`c`\eZ\fm\iX]fZljfed\ekXc[`jfi[\i_Xj`kjY\e\Ïkj%

9lk# X^X`e# `eZfii\Zk ZcX`dj k_Xk ^ff[ kiX`e`e^ n`cc gifk\Zk jfc[`\ij ]ifd d\ekXc _\Xck_

gifYc\djdXpYfk_\eZfliX^\k_\dkf[fi\^i\ɝXYc\k_`e^jXe[#Xɘ\inXi[j#\e^\e[\iX

j\ej\f]Y\kiXpXc%

DfcachYU7Ub!8cA]bXgYh3

N_`c\ kiX`e`e^ `ejkilZkfij Xe[ ZfddXe[\ij dXp jki\jj k_Xk d`c`kXip giXZk`Z\ `j aljk Xe[

gligfj\]lc# Xk k_\ jXd\ k`d\# X ÅZXe$[fÆ d`e[j\k `j fɘ\e \eZfliX^\[ `e k_\ d`c`kXip#

\jg\Z`Xccp `e `e]fidXc kXcb% 8 ZXe$[f Xɝ`kl[\ \ekX`cj k_\ Y\c`\] k_Xk Xcc j`klXk`fej Xi\

lck`dXk\cp jfcmXYc\ Xe[ Xcc kXjbj lck`dXk\cp [fXYc\# Xe[ \ok\ej`m\ [\c`Y\iXk`fe fe cXi^\i

hl\jk`fej`jle_\cg]lcJf\k\ijet al%)''-#8ile[\cc)''0 %;`ɕ\i\ekcpglk#`k\ekX`cjXef$

efej\ej\ jfclk`fe$[`i\Zk\[ giX^dXk`jd# n_`Z_ i\X[`cp j\\j nfii`\j XYflk k_\ d\Xe`e^

188

Part 3 Conclusions: Theoretical and Practical ImplicationsChapter 10 Practical Implications

Xe[gligfj\f]fe\ÆjnfibXjfYjkXZc\jkfgifYc\d$jfcm`e^%@e[\\[#Xjk_`jjkl[p[`jZljj\j

k_ifl^_flk#;lkZ_jfc[`\ijk\e[kf[`jZXi[k_\Y\c`\]k_Xkk_\`iafYj\im\jX_`^_\igligfj\

\m\eY\]fi\k_\`i[\gcfpd\ek#Xe[]fZljfe[f`e^k_\`iafYXjY\jkk_\pZXe`ejk\X[%8jkl[p

f]LJjfc[`\ijc`b\n`j\]fle[k_XkÅRhTl\jk`fejXjkfk_\gligfj\f]k_\`i[\gcfpd\eknflc[

kpg`ZXccpY\Xejn\i\[n`k_XeÃ`kÆjdpafYÄi\gcp#c\Xm`e^k_\`jjl\f]gligfj\kfgfc`k`Z`XejÆ

;\Ife[Xe[Cfb)'(-#g%(0/) %

Fek_\fe\_Xe[#X]fZljfeÅZXe$[fÆdXp_\cgjfc[`\ijgifk\Zkk_\dj\cm\j]ifdnfiip`e^

XYflk k_\ Ån_pÆ f] k_\`i XZk`fej% ?fn\m\i# fe k_\ fk_\i _Xe[# Xmf`[XeZ\ k\e[j kf c\Xm\

k_\d legi\gXi\[ `e ZXj\ Æn_pÆ hl\jk`fej [f Zfd\ kf fZZlgp k_\`i d`e[j% @] jfc[`\ij Xi\

Zfe]ifek\[n`k_j`klXk`fejk_Xkj\\dkilcpj\ej\c\jj#k_\pdXpÏe[k_\dj\cm\jcffb`e^]fi

Xefm\iXiZ_`e^gligfj\#Xe[#Zfej\hl\ekcp#k_\Ån_pÆdXpklieflkkfY\g\ijfeXccpi\c\mXek

Xɘ\iXcc%N_\ek_`j`jk_\ZXj\#XZXe$[fXɝ`kl[\#k_\Zfg`e^jkiXk\^pfen_`Z_k_\p_Xm\

Zfd\kfi\cp#ZXeefk_\cgk_\d%

8efk_\igifYc\d`jk_Xkk_\ZXe$[fXɝ`kl[\ZXii`\jgifYc\djf]i`^`[`kp%N_`c\`k`jk_\

fggfj`k\f][f^dXk`jd`ek_\Zfem\ek`feXcj\ej\#`k`jj`d`cXicpi`^`[`ek_Xk`ii\jfcmXYc\

j`klXk`fejXi\Zfej`[\i\[flkf]k_\hl\jk`fe%8^X`e#jlZ_i`^`[`kpdXp_\cgjfc[`\ijgifk\Zk

k_\dj\cm\j X^X`ejk Zfe]lj`fe Xe[ ZfeÐ`Zk% P\k `k c\Xm\j k_\d n`k_flk X[\hlXk\ Zfg`e^

d\Z_Xe`jdj]fij`klXk`fejk_Xkj`dgcpi\j`jki\jfclk`feY\ZXlj\`eXcck_\fg\ee\jjk_XkZXe$

[f\eZfliX^\j#leZ\ikX`ekpXe[ZfeÐ`ZkXi\Zfej`[\i\[YX[k_`e^j%Jf#aljkXj[f^dXk`jd

ZXlj\j[`jjfeXeZ\n_\e`kY\Zfd\j`dgfjj`Yc\kf_fc[fekffe\Æjgi`eZ`gc\j#k_\fjk\ej`Ycp

Ð\o`Yc\d`c`kXipZXe$[fXɝ`kl[\`jZflek\igif[lZk`m\n_\edfiXchlXe[Xi`\jklieflkkfY\

`ii\jfcmXYc\%E\`k_\iXɝ`kl[\Xccfnjjfc[`\ijiffd]fiXZZ\gk`e^leZ\ikX`ekpXe[ZfeÐ`Zk%

Acknowledge Moral Complexity and Paradoxes

8ck_fl^_ Yfk_ Xe lehl\jk`fe\[ Y\c`\] `e k_\ aljke\jj f] d`c`kXip XZk`fe Xe[ X ÅZXe$[fÆ

d`e[j\k dXp Y\ lj\]lc `e dXep i\jg\Zkj# k_\p dXp efk Y\ X[\hlXk\ Xe[ g\i_Xgj \m\e

Zflek\igif[lZk`m\ n_\e `k Zfd\j kf dfiXc [`jki\jj% D\Xen_`c\# dXep d`c`kXi`\j _Xm\

`dgc\d\ek\[XiXe^\f]jg\Z`ÏZ`ek\im\ek`fejk_XkZfem\pgifd`j`e^Xck\ieXk`m\j#fiXkc\Xjk

Zfejk`klk\]il`k]lc^ifle[j]fiXdfi\X[\hlXk\XggifXZ_%

Knf `ek\im\ek`fej Xi\ d\ekXc _\Xck_ kiX`e`e^ Xe[ \k_`Zj \[lZXk`fe% K_\ Ïijk ljlXccp

Zfdgi`j\jXZfdY`eXk`fef]Ï\c[\o\iZ`j\jXe[ZcXjjiffdgjpZ_f$\[lZXk`feXcj\jj`fej%@e

k_\ Ï\c[ \o\iZ`j\j# jfc[`\ij Xi\ kiX`e\[ `e jki\jj$i\jgfej\ i\^lcXk`fe Z]% 9i`ɝ et al% )''-#

IfYjfeXe[DXeXZXg`cc`)'(+ #n_`c\`ek_\ZcXjjiffd#k_\pXi\\hl`gg\[n`k_`e]fidXk`fe

XYflkkpg\jf]jki\jjfij#\ɕ\Zkjf]jki\jj#Xe[kpg\jf]jlggfikXmX`cXYc\`ek_\d`c`kXipZ]%

NI8@I CXe[ :fdYXk Jkl[p K\Xd )''-# J_Xigc\p et al% )''/# M\id\ɝ\e et al% )'(+ % <k_`Zj

\[lZXk`fe]fZlj\jfe`jjl\jf]dfiXc`kp#Xe[ljlXccpZfej`jkjf]ZcXjjiffdj\jj`fejfe_fn

kfi\Zf^e`q\dfiXcXjg\Zkjf][\gcfpd\ekj`klXk`fej#dXb\dfiXccpi\jgfej`Yc\[\Z`j`fej

Xe[ kXb\ i\jgfej`Y`c`kp ]fi [\Z`j`fej dX[\ j\\ 9XXi[X Xe[ M\in\`a )''-# IfY`ejfe et al%

)''/ %<XZ_`ek\im\ek`fe`e`kjfnenXpZi\Xk\jjgXZ\]fiXeXggi\Z`Xk`fef]k_\gfk\ek`Xc

`dgXZkf]d`c`kXipgiXZk`Z\fejfc[`\ij%

189

Chapter 10 Practical ImplicationsPart 3 Conclusions: Theoretical and Practical Implications

Jk`cc#`kj\\djk_Xkjfd\df[`ÏZXk`fenflc[Y\lj\]lc%=`ijk#Xjfk_\ij_Xm\Xcjfefk\[#

‘despite growing evidence that demonstrates a bidirectional link between stress and ethical Y\_Xm`fij#`kZfek`el\jkfY\k_\ZXj\k_Xkd\ekXc_\Xck_kiX`e`e^» Xe[\k_`ZjkiX`e`e^Xi\

[\m\cfg\[Xe[[\c`m\i\[Zfdgc\k\cp`e[\g\e[\ekf]\XZ_fk_\iÆK_fdgjfeXe[A\kcp)'(+#

g%* %D\ekXc_\Xck_kiX`e`e^k\e[jkf]fZljfejki\jjXe[GKJ;#n_\i\Xj\k_`Zj\[lZXk`fe`j

dfjkcpZfeZ\ie\[n`k_dfiXc[\Z`j`fe$dXb`e^`Y`[ %K_\c`ebY\kn\\ek_\knfk_lje\\[j

kfY\Zfd\Xe\ogc`Z`kgf`ekf]Xɝ\ek`fe%2Dfi\fm\i#`kj_flc[Y\^`m\egifg\iXɝ\ek`fe%=fi

`ejkXeZ\#`k_XjY\\ei\gfik\[k_Xkjfd\m\ij`fejf]\k_`Zj\[lZXk`fe]fZljfeÅk_\Zi\Xk`fe

f]dfiXccplgi`^_kg\ijfejk_ifl^_k_\`ejk`ccXk`fef]Z\ikX`eb\phlXc`k`\jfi[`jgfj`k`fejf]

Z_XiXZk\iÆIfY`ejfeet al%)''/#g%( %N_`c\k_`jdXpgifk\Zkjfc[`\ij]ifd[f`e^k_`e^jk_\p

n`cccXk\ii\^i\k#feZ\X^X`e#`kdXpXcjf\e^\e[\iXÅglgg\kj_fnÆ\og\i`\eZ\%Kffm\iZfd\

k_`jgifYc\d#\k_`Zj\[lZXk`fej_flc[XcnXpj`eZcl[\Xɝ\ek`fe]fik_\ZfejkiX`ekj`dgfj\[

fejfc[`\ijXe[k_\c`d`kjf]X[_\i`e^kffe\ÆjmXcl\j`ek_\]XZ\f]mXcl\ZfeÐ`Zkj%9fk_

\k_`ZjXe[gjpZ_f$\[lZXk`fenflc[Y\e\Ïk]ifdi\Xc`jk`Zk\XZ_`e^d\k_f[j%8jd\ek`fe\[#

Yfk_ `ek\im\ek`fej Xi\ ^\e\iXccp ZfeÏe\[ kf ZcXjjiffd j\jj`fej# jfd\k`d\j `e k_\ ]fid

f]Gfn\iGf`ekgi\j\ekXk`fejj\\NXie\iet al%)'((#M\id\ɝ\eet al%)'(+ #n`k_k_\i`jbk_Xk

dfiXc[`c\ddXjXi\ki\Xk\[XjÅYiX`ek\Xj\ijÆ%:fem\ij\cp#`ek_\Zflij\f]dpi\j\XiZ_@_Xm\

efk\[Xk\e[\eZp`ejfd\YXj`ZkiX`e`e^`ejkilZkfijkflj\\[lZXk`fekffcj]fi\k_`ZjkiX`e`e^

XjÅ`ejkilZk`feZXi[jÆ]fii\Xc$c`]\[`c\ddXj#k_ljklie`e^[`c\ddXj`ekfÅZXe$[fÆZ_Xcc\e^\j

k_XkZXeY\jfcm\[n`k_XZ_\Zbc`jk%@ek\^iXk`e^\k_`Zj\[lZXk`fe`eÏ\c[\o\iZ`j\j#`kj\\dj#

nflc[Xccfni\Xc`jk`Z#\og\i`\eZ\$fi`\ek\[kiX`e`e^#k_ljZi\[`Ycpj_fn`e^_fnjki\jjgcXpj

XdXafiifc\`edfiXc[\Z`j`fe$dXb`e^#Xe[m`Z\m\ijXj\\XcjfNXie\iet al%)'((#K_fdgjfe

Xe[A\kcp)'(+ %

8k_`i[`ek\im\ek`fenfik_d\ek`fe`e^`jk_\nfibf]d`c`kXipZ_XgcX`ejÁZXcc\[Åd\ekXc

ZXi\^`m\ijÆ(geestelijk verzorgers)`ek_\;lkZ_d`c`kXipÁn_f_\cgjfc[`\ij[\Xcn`k_hl\jk`fej

f] Zfem`Zk`fe# mXcl\j Xe[ d\Xe`e^# \`k_\i `e i\c`^`flj fi efe$i\c`^`flj k\idj% K_\`i afY

d`^_kY\le[\ijkff[XjXb`e[f]dfiXcZflej\c`e^%3K_\`iafYjljlXccp`eZcl[\`e[`m`[lXc

Zflej\c`e^# \[lZXk`feXc j\jj`fej Xe[ j\jj`fej f] jg`i`klXc  i\Ð\Zk`fe Z]% ?\k\Yi`a )''.#

Besterman-Dahan et al%)'(* %8cXi^\gXikf]k_\`infib`emfcm\jj`dgcpÅY\`e^k_\i\Æ`ek_\

nfibgcXZ\# `eZcl[`e^ [li`e^ \o\iZ`j\j Xe[ [\gcfpd\ek# jf k_Xk k_\p Xi\ \Xj`cp XZZ\jj`Yc\

`e Yfk_ X g_pj`ZXc Xe[ d\ekXc j\ej\ Z]% ?\k\Yi`a )''.# 9\jk\idXe$;X_Xe et al% )'(* %

9\ZXlj\f]k_`j#k_\nfibf]d`c`kXipZ_XgcX`ejj\\djgXik`ZlcXicpjl`kXYc\Xe[mXclXYc\]fi

jfc[`\ijjkil^^c`e^n`k_dfiXc[`jki\jj%P\k#XjjkXk\[Y\]fi\#k_`j`jfecpk_\ZXj\Xjcfe^

Xj hl`Zb aljk`ÏZXk`fej Xe[ iXk`feXc`qXk`fej Xi\ Xmf`[\[ Xe[# `ejk\X[# dfiXc Zfdgc\o`kp `j

XZbefnc\[^\[%

Knfnfi[jf]ZXlk`feXi\`efi[\ii\^Xi[`e^k_\c`d`kjf]`ek\im\ek`fejjlZ_Xjd\ekXc

_\Xck_kiX`e`e^#\k_`Zj\[lZXk`feXe[dfiXcZflej\c`e^YpZ_XgcX`ej%=`ijk#k_\\Xj\n`k_

n_`Z_ `jfcXk\[ `ek\im\ek`fej dXp Z_Xe^\ d`c`kXip efidj jlZ_ Xj ÅZXe$[fÆ j_flc[ efk Y\

fm\i\jk`dXk\[%<m\e`]jfc[`\ijXZZ\gk\[#]fi`ejkXeZ\#k_Xk`k`jZilZ`XckfXZbefnc\[^\k_\

2 HcVYgifY ZcfW]b[gc`X]YfghcfYɘYWhcbh\YacfU`X]aYbg]cbgcZh\Y]f^cVaUm]bWfYUgYh\YW\UbWYh\Uhh\YmYldYf]YbWY

acfU`hYbg]cb"<ckYjYf VYg]XYgch\YfcV^YWh]cbghcXYd`cm]b[acfU``mibfYɘYWh]jYgc`X]Yfg h\YdUfh]U`]bYj]hUV]`]hmcZ

moral distress suggests a preference for ethics training over no such preparation.

3 In the Dutch armed forces, chaplains come from several religious backgrounds (Protestantism, Catholicism, Judaism, Islam or Hinduism) as well as from a humanist background.

190

Part 3 Conclusions: Theoretical and Practical ImplicationsChapter 10 Practical Implications

Zfdgc\o`kpf]d`c`kXipgiXZk`Z\#k_\pi\dX`egXikf]XZlckliXcjpjk\dn_`Z_\eZfliX^\jX

ef$efej\ej\ZXe$[fXɝ`kl[\#Xe[Ð\o`Ycpjn`kZ_`e^Y\kn\\ek_\knfXɝ`kl[\j`jfecp\Xjp

`e k_\fip% J\Zfe[# ZlckliXc Z_Xe^\ dXp Y\ gXik`Xccp le[\j`iXYc\% 8j Xek_ifgfcf^`jkj _Xm\

`e k_\fip% J\Zfe[# ZlckliXc Z_Xe^\ dXp Y\ gXik`Xccp le[\j`iXYc\% 8j Xek_ifgfcf^`jkj _Xm\