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The following handle holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation:

http://hdl.handle.net/1887/67913

Author: Elffers, T.W.

Title: Obesity and Cardiovascular disease. Results from the Netherlands Epidemiology

of Obesity Study

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OBESITY AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE

Results from the Netherlands Epidemiology of Obesity Study

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OBESITY AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE

Results from the Netherlands Epidemiology of Obesity Study

Proefschrift

Ter verkrijging van de graad van Doctor aan de Universiteit Leiden, op gezag van Rector Magnificus prof.mr. C.J.J.M. Stolker,

volgens besluit van het College voor Promoties te verdedigen op woensdag 9 januari 2019

Klokke 16.15 uur Door

Theodora (Dorine) Willemine Elffers Geboren te Haarlem

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Dr. R. de Mutsert

Prof. dr. P.W. Macfarlane (University of Glasgow) Prof. dr. R.J.G. Peters (AMC-UvA, Amsterdam) Dr. S.J. Pinto-Sietsma (AMC-UvA, Amsterdam)

TW Elffers was supported by a grant of the Board of Directors of the Leiden University Medical Center. Financial support from the Netherlands Association for the Study of Obesity (NASO) is greatly acknowledged. Financial support by the Dutch Heart Foundation for the publication of this thesis is gratefully acknowledged. The research described in this thesis was supported by a grant of the Dutch Heart Foundation (CVON2014-02 ENERGISE).

The work described in this thesis was performed at the Department of Cardiology and the Department of Clinical Epidemiology of the Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter 1 Introduction 7

Chapter 2 Body fat distribution, in particular visceral fat, is associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in obese women.

21

Chapter 3 Association of metabolic syndrome and electrocardiographic markers of subclinical cardiovascular disease

37

Chapter 4 Relation of Overall and Abdominal Adiposity with

Electrocardiogram Parameters of Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease in Individuals Aged 45 to 65 Years (From the Netherlands Epidemiology of Obesity Study)

55

Chapter 5 Borderline Q-waves in individuals without overt

cardiovascular disease: relations with adiposity, subclinical atherosclerosis and vascular stiffness

75

Chapter 6 Carotid intima media thickness, pulse wave velocity and the spatial QRS-T angle

93

Chapter 7 Improvement of electrocardiographic detection of left ventricular hypertrophy by body mass index and spatial QRS-T angle

107

Chapter 8 General discussion 125

Appendices Nederlandse samenvatting (Summary in Dutch) 138

Dankwoord (Acknowledgements) 143

Curriculum Vitae 144

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