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+ =/'(&>/)?+ @A+ ;8BCC<A+ "(/+ D/2&E)/D/6.+ -F+ 2%E>.+ #6./>>#0/6'/+
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+ =)#0(.?+LAMA?+H+N#&(##?+OAPA+;7!!Q<A+R.)2./0#'+PSM+26%+T)026#U V2K-62>+J/(2,#-)A+W3PSR+=-)I#60+L21/)+!QU! A+X.(2'2?+NYZ+W-)6/>>+
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20?+C!BUC7Q
Full paper
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1Ton Spee2, Dick Spekkink3-&."#*&/#*01!#+2 en Mieke Lumens4
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&\&./D&+ -)+ '-6&.)E'.#-6+ %/.2#>&+ .(2.+ >/2%+ .-+ .2&I&+ 5#.(+
%E&.+ /f1-&E)/A+ "(/&/+ /f2D1>/&+ 5/)/+ 1)/&/6./%+ .-+ .5-+
7 "#$%&'()#*+,--)+.-/0/12&./+3)4-5/./6&'(21+7!8 97:;7<
'-6&.)E'.#-6+ /60#6//)&+ ;3^+ 26%+ @R<+ 5#.(+ .(/+ )/gE/&.+
.-+ 1)-1-&/+ 1-&>/+ '(260/&+ #6+ .(/+ %/+ 1(2&/+ -F+ .(/+
'-6&.)E'.#-6+1>26+.-+/>#D#62./+-)+)/%E'/+/f1-&E)/A
Design analysis
@/+ 262>\&#&+ #&+ 2+ %/&')#1.#,/+ 262>\&#&+ -F+ .(/+ %/+
1)-'/&&?+ .-+ F#6%+ 26+ 26&5/)+ .-+ .(/+ gE/&.#-6Z+ j5(2.+ #&+
1)-%E'/%+ 26%+ 4\+ 5(#'(+ D/26&lk+ ;R5E&./+ /.+ 2>A?+ 8BB_<+
X.+ E&/&+ 2+ (#/)2)'(#'+ '>2&&#F#'2.#-6+ -F+ 1)-%E'.#-6+ #./D&+
%/,/>-1/%+ #6+ .(/+ F#/>%+ -F+ .(/+ &\&./D2.#'+ %/+ -F+
#6&.2>>2.#-6&A+"(/+42&#&+#&+.(/+1)-%E'.#-6+FE6'.#-6?+5(#'(+
%#,#%/&+ 2+ 1)-%E'.#-6+ 1)-'/&&+ #6.-+ #.&+ '-)/+ 2'.#,#.#/&A+
3F./)+ .(#&+ '-D/&+ .(/+ 1)-%E'.#-6+ 1)#6'#1>/?+ %/&')#4#60+
.(/+ 1)#6'#1>/&+ .-+ '2))\+ -E.+ .(/+ FE6'.#-6?+ 26%+ F#62>>\+ .(/+
1)-%E'.#-6+ F-)D?+ .(/+ 2'.E2>+ %/+ -F+ .(/+ 1)#6'#1>/A+
W(260#60+ -)+ />#D#62.#60+ .(/+ 1)-%E'.#-6+ FE6'.#-6+ #&+ .(/+
D-&.+ FE6%2D/6.2>+ 52\+ .-+ 2>./)+ 2+ 1)-'/&&?+ 26%+ -F./6+
')/2./&+ .(/+ -11-).E6#.\+ .-+ />#D#62./+ 26+ /f1-&E)/+
0/6/)2.#60+.2&I+'-D1>/./>\A+"(/)/F-)/?+/>#D#62.#-6+-F+.(/+
1)-%E'.#-6+ FE6'.#-6+ 52&+ .(/+ 1)#D2)\+ >/,/>+ .-+ &/2)'(+ F-)+
&->E.#-6&+.-+1)/,/6.+&#>#'2+%E&.A+"(/+1)-%E'.#-6+FE6'.#-6+#&+
#6+2>>+'2&/&Z+m)/D-,#60+D2./)#2>nA+"(/+1)-%E'.#-6+1)#6'#1>/+
D2\+4/+&25#60?+%)#>>#60?+0)#.+4>2&.#60?+26%+-.(/)&A
3+'-6&.)E'.#-6+'26+4/+%#,#%/%+#6+'-6&.)E'.#-6+/>/D/6.&A+
"(/+ @E.'(+ W-6&.)E'.#-6+ @-'ED/6.2.#-6+ ;N/%/)>26%&/+
J-E5+ @-'ED/6.2.#/?+ NJ@<+ %#,#%/&+ .(/+ %/+ 1)-'/&&+
#6.-+ />/D/6.&?+ 42&/%+ -6+ .(/+ R5/%#&(+ RFJ+ '-%/?+ 26%+
D/6.#-6&+D2./)#2>&+'-66/'./%+.-+.(/&/+/>/D/6.&A+X6+.(#&+
121/)+ .(/+ NJ@+ &\&./D+ #&+ F->>-5/%+ #6+ .(/+ %/&')#1.#-6+ -F+
.(/+%/+/>/D/6.&+;NJ@?+7!!C<A
Results
"24>/+ 8+ 26%+ 7+ &(-5+ 26+ -,/),#/5+ -F+ 2'.#,#.#/&+ ')/2.#60+
%E&.?+ .(/+ /f1/'./%+ )/&1#)24>/+ &#'#>2+ '-6'/6.)2.#-6&?+ 26%+
.(/+2>./)62.#,/&A+
?%.2%,,( 2+$,0.-2&+$4( ,0.-20-.%!( 8.%#/@+.A( "$(
*+-./:(2+$2./0/
JE#>%#60+ 5#.(+ 1-E)/%+ '-6')/./+ >/2%&+ .-+ %E&.+ /f1-&E)/+
5(/6+ .-->#60+ .(/+ (2)%/6/%+ '-6')/./A+ P->/&+ DE&.+ 4/+
%)#>>/%+ .-+ F2&./6+ &.//>+ )-%&?+ 6//%/%+ .-+ '-66/'.+ 12).&+ -F+
.(/+ '-6&.)E'.#-6A+ `/).#'2>+ '-66/'.#-6&+ E&/+ .(/+ /f#&.#60+
)/#6F-)'/D/6.+)-%&A+JE.+.(#&+#&+6-.+1-&>/+F-)+(-)#V-6.2>+
'-66/'.#-6&?+ 4/'2E&/+ .(/&/+ 2)/+ 1/)1/6%#'E>2)+ .-+ .(/+
D-E>%A+ S-%&+ 2)/+ .(/6+ -F./6+ D-E6./%+ #6+ .(/+ (2)%/6/%+
:,-.!#G###,.3!&5,>U!(#<%&#(+.+/,#7!5!&,>57#,/>U+>!()#/%5(3&2/>%5#$%&=#
?+$,0.-2&+$(
part
B2&;"0C )*/20/:(,"!"2%(
2+$2/$0.%&+$(
(mg/mD)
B!0/.$%&;/
W2)'2&&+ @)#>>#60+F-)+'-66/'.#-6+-F+
)/#6F-)'/D/6.+)-%&
E1+.-+!A7 36'(-)+4E&(#60
h)#.+4>2&.#60+.-+D2I/+1/44>/&+
,#>/
[1+.-+7 +;-E.&#%/+
)/&1#)2.-)<
[1+.-+7+;#6&#%/+)/&1#)2.-)<
O/2,/+'->ED6&+&D--.(
[&/+)/.2)%26.+26%+52&(+-E.+5#.(+52./)
S--F R25#60+)--F+.#>/& [1+.-+87! @/+%-)D/)&+#6+2''-)%26'/+.-+.#>/+&#V/
R(#F.+4E#>%#60+4>-'I+.-+2,-#%+260>/+)#%0/+26%+,2>>/\+0E../) TE./)+52>> R25#60+4)#'I&+.-+')/2./+12../)6& !A77 [&/+1)/F24+(2>F+26%+gE2)./)+4)#'I&
R25#60+4)#'I&+&>26.5#&/+.-+')/2./+
2+6-6U)/'.260E>2)+'-)6/)
[&/+1)/F24)#'2./%+&>26.5#&/+42I/%+4)#'I&
"E'I+1-#6.#60 [1+.-+!A Q [&/+0>E/+#6&./2%+-F+'/D/6.+$-#6.&
X6./)#-)+52>> R25#60+>2&.+>2\/)+.-+&#V/ [1+.-+!A7 M2.'(+4>-'I+(/#0(.+.-+52>>+(/#0(.
WE.+4>-'I&+2)-E6%+>#6./> M2.'(+%--)+F)2D/+.-+(/#0(.+.-+&.-)/\+(/#0(.
^>--) 311>#'2.#-6+-F+%)\+D-).2)+F-)+.-1+
F>--)#60
W-D12'.#60+'-6')/./+F>--)+5#.(+)-.2.#60+%#&'+/gE#1D/6.+
;2,-#%+>2\#60+-F+&26%a'/D/6.+.-1+F>--)#60
R26%#60+-F+.-1+F>--)#60 j
:,-.!#F###,.3!&5,>U!(#<%&#(+.+/,#7!5!&,>57#,/>U+>!()#+5(3,..,>%5#$%&=#
B2&;"0C )*/20/:(/)*+,-./(E#'F#D) B!0/.$%&;/
@)#>>#60+.()-E0(+F>--)& [1+.-+!AG R(2F.+F-)+1#1/&+26%+'24>/&
J-f#60U-E.+-1/6#60&
3''/&&-)#/&+F-)+'E.U-E.&
^#f#60 !A88+o+!A78+ W2&.+26'(-)+4->.&?+26'(-)+)2#>&+/.'A+#6+'-6')/./
S/'/&&+D#>>#60 E1+.-+QAB+ P->>-5+'24>/+4)#'I&+-)+(->>-5+'-6')/./+&.-6/&
X6./0)2./+'24>/+F-)+>#0(.+&5#.'(+#6.-+(->>-5+%--)1-&.
X6F)2)/%+)/D-./+'-6.)->>/%+>#0(.+&5#.'(
=2>>+&-'I/.&+-6+'24>/+0E../)&
"#$%&'()#*+,--)+.-/0/12&./+3)4-5/./6&'(21+7!8 97:;7<+ G
'-6')/./?+4\+%)#>>#60+(->/&+26%+0>E#60+&.//>+)-%&+;m'(/D#'2>+
26'(-)&n<A+ `26+ M2)>/+ et alA+ ;7!!7<+ (2,/+ D/2&E)/%+ .(/+
/f1-&E)/+.-+)/&1#)24>/+&#>#'2+5(/6+%)#>>#60+(->/&+#6+'-6')/./+
5#.(+ 26+ :+ DD+ &1#)2>+ %)#>>A+ cf1-&E)/+ ,2)#/%+ F)-D+ !A888+ .-+
!A78G+D0aDG+-,/)+2+87!+o+77 +D#6+1/)#-%A+"(/+1)-%E'.#-6+
FE6'.#-6+m)/D-,#60+D2./)#2>n+26%+.(/+1)-%E'.#-6+1)#6'#1>/+
m%)#>>#60n+ '26+ 4/+ />#D#62./%+ 4\+ E<+ 26'(-)+ 4E&(#60?+ 2&+
&(-56+#6+^#0E)/+8A+
"(/&/+ '26+ 4/+ /D4/%%/%+ #6+ .(/+ '-6')/./A+ 36'(-)+ 4E&(#60+
'26+4/+'-66/'./%+.-+.(/+)/#6F-)'/D/6.+&.//>?+>/2%#60+.-+2+
,/)\+)/>#24>/+'-66/'.#-6A+^-)+.(/+&2D/+1E)1-&/+.(/)/+#&+26+
-.(/)+%/,#'/+'2>>/%+mI/\4-fn?+2+'2<+.(2.+(-E&/&+1)/U4/6.+
42)&+.(2.+'26+4/+&.)2#0(./6/%+2F./)+.(/+D-E>%+#&+)/D-,/%A+
?%.2%,,(2+$,0.-2&+$4(2+!-#$,(@"07("$G!!"$'
^#0E)/+7 &(-5&+2+>-2%U4/2)#60+&.)E'.E)/+4E#>.+-F+'->ED6&+
26%+ 2+ 4)#'I+ #6F#>>#60A+ "(/+ 2)'(#./'.+ (2%+ %/./)D#6/%+ .(2.+
.(/+ 1/44>/&+ #6+ .(/+ '-6')/./+ (2%+ .-+ 4/+ ,#>/A+ "(#&+ 52&+
2'(#/,/%+ 4\+ 0)#.+ 4>2&.#60+ -F+ .(/+ (2)%/6/%+ '-6')/./A+
cf1-&E)/+.-+)/&1#)24>/+')\&.2>>#6/+&#>#'2+%E)#60+%)\+4>2&.#60+
-F+'-6')/./+D2\+4/+E1+.-+7 +D0aDG+-E.&#%/+.(/+&E11>#/%+
2#)+)/&1#)2.-)+26%+!A7+D0aDG+#6&#%/+.(/+)/&1#)2.-)+;h->>2+
26%+P/#.4)#6I?+7!!C<A+
^#0E)/+ G+ &(-5&+ 2+ '-D12)24>/+ '-6&.)E'.#-6?+ 2+ >-2%U 4/2)#60+ '-6&.)E'.#-6+ 4E#>.+ -F+ '->ED6&+ 26%+ 2+ '-6')/./+
&.-6/+ #6F#>>#60A+ P/)/+ .(/+ '->ED6&+ 2)/+ >/F.+ &D--.(?+
2,-#%#60+ 0)#.+ 4>2&.#60+ 26%+ .(E&+ .(/+ '-))/&1-6%#60+ %E&.+
/f1-&E)/A+ "(/+ 1)-%E'.#-6+ FE6'.#-6+ m)/D-,#60+ D2./)#2>n+
#&+ .(E&+ />#D#62./%A+ =#.(+ 26+ 2%21./%+ '-6')/./+ '-,/)#60?+
.(/+ 1/44>/&+ '-E>%+ 2>&-+ (2,/+ 4//6+ D2%/+ ,#>/+ 5#.(+ 2+
)/.2)%26.+ 26%+ 52&(#60+ -E.+ .(/+ '-6')/./+ #DD/%#2./>\+
2F./)+%/D-E>%#60A
H++8,
@-)D/)&+2)/+-F./6+D-E6./%+#6+#6'>#6/%+)--F&A+@/#60+
.(/&/+#6+2''-)%26'/+5#.(+.(/+&#V/+-F+.(/+)--F+.#>/&+1)/,/6.&+
.(/+ &25#60+ -F+ .#>/&+ F-)+ #6F#>>#60A+ "2&I+ 42&/%+ /f1-&E)/+
D/2&E)/D/6.&+ 5(/6+ &25#60+ )--F+ .#>/&?+ 2&+ &(-56+ #6+
^#0E)/+C?+&(-5/%+)/&1#)24>/+&#>#'2+/f1-&E)/&+,2)\#60+F)-D+
7?B+.-+87!+D0aDG+;7:+o+8Q!+.#D/&+.(/+@E.'(+-''E12.#-62>+
/f1-&E)/+>#D#.<+;J-/'I(-E.+/.+2>A?+7!8!<A+
3+>#,/>\+%/+#&+D2%/+4\+&.200/)#60+.(/+-E./)+52>>+26%+
.(/+ )--FA+ X6+ ^#0E)/+ .(#&+ #&+ 2'(#/,/%+ #6+ .(/+ )--F+ 5#.(+ 2+
,2>>/\+ 0E../)+ 26%+ 26+ 260>/+ )#%0/A+ M26\+ )--F+ .#>/&+ DE&.+
4/+ &256+ F-)+ .(#&+ '-6&.)E'.#-6A+ "(/+ 1)-%E'.#-6+ FE6'.#-6+
m)/D-,#60+D2./)#2>n+26%+.(/+1)-%E'.#-6+1)#6'#1>/+m&25#60n+
'26+4/+/>#D#62./%+4\+&(#F.#60+.(/+/6.#)/+4E#>%#60+12).?+2&+
&(-56+ #6+ ^#0E)/+ Q. "(#&+ 2,-#%&+ /%0#60+ -F+ .(/+ )--F?+ 26%+
.(E&+&25#60+-F+)--F+.#>/&A
Outer walls
^-)+ &-D/+ %/.2#>&+ #6+ .(/+ -E./)+ 52>>&+ DE'(+ &25#60+ 5-)I+
DE&.+ 4/+ %-6/A+ T6/+ M/2&E)/D/6.+ %E)#60+ %)\+ &25#60+ #6+
4)#'I+ 26%+ >#D/U&26%&.-6/+ &(-5/%+ 26+ /f1-&E)/+ -F+ !?77+
D0aDG;PE#V/)+ et alA?+ 7!!Q<A+ ^#0E)/+ _+ &(-5&+ 2+ 4E#>%#60+
4E#>.+-F+4)#'I&+#6+.5-+'->-E)&+5#.(+&.)2#0(.+>#6/&A+3+%-E4>/+
42I/%+ 4)#'I+ #&+ '(-&/6?+ 5(#'(+ '266-.+ 4/+ 'E.+ .-+ &#V/+ 5#.(+
2+ 4)#'I>2\/)&n+ 4->&./)A+ "(/+ -6>\+ D/.(-%+ #&+ .-+ 'E.+ .(/&/+
_+72&!#G##36'(-)+4E&(/&?+.-+4/+/D4/%%/%+#6+.(/+'-6')/./
_+72&!#F###`&+3#-.,(3!'#/%.265(
_+72&!#H###Q%.265(#.!a#(6%%38
_+72&!#V###b,..!"#72c!&#,5'#,57.!#&+'7!#/%5(3&2/>%5 _+72&!#d###P8+a+57#38!#$8%.!#-2+.'+57#*,&3#,U%+'(#(,$+57#%<#
&%%<#>.!(
_+72&!#K##P,$+57#&%%<#>.!(
C "#$%&'()#*+,--)+.-/0/12&./+3)4-5/./6&'(21+7!8 97:;7<
4)#'I&+5#.(+2+%#2D-6%+&25A+36%+2>.(-E0(+.(#&+52&+%-6/+
5#.(+52./)+&E11>\?+%E&.+)/D2#6&+-6+.(/+4)#'I+;^#0E)/+:<A+
=(/6+ 1)-'/&<+ .(/+ 4)#'I&+ .(#&+ %E&.+ #&+ )/>/2&/%+ .-+ .(/+
2#)A+@/#60+%/.2#>&+#6+&.26%2)%+&#V/+4)#'I&+;5(->/?+(2>F?+
gE2)./)+4)#'I<+1)/,/6.&+.(#&A+
^-)+ 6-6U)/'.260E>2)+ '-)6/)&+ #6+ )/1/2.#60+ &.)E'.E)/&+ .(/+
&.-6/+ '26+ 4/+ F2'.-)\UD2%/?+ 2&+ '26+ 4/+ &//6+ #6+ ^#0E)/+ GA++
"(#&+ #&+ 6-.+ -6>\+ D-)/+ 2/&.(/.#'?+ 4E.+ 2>&-+ 1)/,/6.&+
&>26.5#&/+&25#60+-F+4)#'I&A+
^#0E)/+ B+ &(-5&+ .E'I+ 1-#6.#60+ F-)+ )/6-,2.#-6?+ 5(#'(+ #&+ 2+
6-.-)#-E&+&-E)'/+-F+%E&.+;"$-/+N#$+et alA?+7!!G9+W->>#605--%+
26%+P/#.4)#6I?+7!!_<A+"$-/+N#$+et al+D/2&E)/%+/f1-&E)/&+
.-+&#>#'2+%E&.+E1+.-+!A Q+D0aDGA+]-#6.&+'26+4/+2,-#%/%+4\+
E<+0>E/+#6&./2%+-F+'/D/6.?+2&+&(-56+#6+^#0E)/+8!A+
"(/+,/)\+.(#6+$-#6.+#&+6-.+2FF/'./%+4\+5/2.(/)+#6F>E/6'/&+
26%+ .(E&+ 5#>>+ 6-.+ %/./)#-)2./A+ X.+ DE&.+ 4/+ I/1.+ #6+ D#6%+
(-5/,/)?+.(2.+.(/+4E#>%#60+5#>>+0/.+2+%#FF/)/6.+211/2)26'/A+
Interior walls
^#0E)/+ 88+ &(-5&+ 26+ #6./)#-)+ 52>>+ 4E#>.+ F)-D+ 4>-'I&A++
"(/+&.-)/\+(/#0(.+%-/&+6-.+D2.'(+5#.(+.(/+(/#0(.+-F+.(/+
4>-'I&?+ 5(#'(+ D/26&+ .(2.+ .(/+ >2&.+ >2\/)+ DE&.+ 4/+ &256+
.-+ &#V/A+ R25#60+ -F+ >#D/U&26%&.-6/+ 4>-'I&+ 5#.(+ 2+ '#)'E>2)+
&25+#6+2+./&.+&#.E2.#-6+&(-5/%+&#>#'2+'-6'/6.)2.#-6&+F)-D+
!A!7G+ .-+ !A8B_+ D0aDG+ ;=/&.+ /.+ 2>A?+ 7!!B<A+ X6+ ^#0E)/+ 87+
.(/+ &.-)/\+ (/#0(.+ D2.'(/&+ 5#.(+ .(2.+ -F+ .(/+ 4>-'I&?+ .(E&+
2,-#%#60+&25#60+.-+&#V/A+
^#0E)/+ 8G+ &(-5&+ 2+ %--)+ -1/6#60+ 5#.(+ 2+ >#6./>A+ 3)-E6%+
.(/+ >#6./>+ D26\+ 4)#'I&+ DE&.+ 4/+ 'E.+ .-+ &#V/A+ X6+ ^#0E)/+ 8C++
.(/+%--)+F)2D/+D2.'(/&+.(/+&.-)/\+(/#0(.?+.(E&+2,-#%#60+
2+>#6./>A+
T.(/)+D/.(-%&+.-+/>#D#62./+&#>#'2+2)/+.(/+E&/+-F+&#>#'2UF)//+
D2./)#2>&?+/A0A+0\1&ED+4>-'I&+#6&./2%+-F+>#D/U&26%&.-6/+
-)+'/>>E>2)+'-6')/./?+-)+52>>&+4E#>.+F)-D+1>2&./)+4-2)%+-6+
2+M/.2>&.E%p+-)+5--%/6+F)2D/A+
Floors
3+'-6')/./+F>--)+#&+'-DD-6>\+'-,/)/%+5#.(+2+.-1+F>--)#60A+
X6+'2&/+-F+2+&26%a'/D/6.+F>--)#60?+F#)&.+2+.(#6+>2\/)+-F+%)\+
D-).2)+ #&+ &1)/2%+ -E.+ -6+ .(/+ %2D1+ F>--)+ &E)F2'/A+ 3F./)+
(2)%/6#60?+ .(/+ F>--)+ DE&.+ 4/+ &26%/%+ .-+ )/D-,/+ .(/+
.(#6+ E11/)+ >2\/)+ -F+ .(/+ .-1+ F>--)#60+ 4/'2E&/+ -.(/)5#&/+
2%(/&#,/&+ %-+ 6-.+ &.#'IA+ R1)/2%#60+ -F+ %)\+ '/D/6.+ 2&+
5/>>+ 2&+ &26%#60+ 2)/+ &-E)'/&+ -F+ %E&.A+ ^-)+ .(/&/+ 2'.#,#.#/&+
6-+ D/2&E)/D/6.+ )/&E>.&+ 2)/+ 2,2#>24>/?+ 4E.+ .(/\+ 4-.(+
0/6/)2./+ 2+ '-6&#%/)24>/+ 2D-E6.+ -F+ ,#>/+ %E&.A+ J-.(+
'26+ 4/+ 2,-#%/%+ 4\+ '-D12'.#60+ .(/+ F>--)+ 5#.(+ )-.2.#60+
%#&'+ /gE#1D/6.A+ "(/+ '-6')/./+ &E)F2'/+ #&+ D/'(26#'2>>\+
'-D12'./%+ 26%+ &D--.(/6/%A+ "(/+ F>--)+ F#6#&(#60+ ;/A0A+
'2)1/.#60?+ 12)gE/.)\<+ '26+ 4/+ 211>#/%+ %#)/'.>\+ -6+ .(/+
'-6')/./+ F>--)+ 26%+ .(/+ F>--)+ 6//%&+ 6-+ &26%#60+ 26%+ .(/+
1)-%E'.#-6+FE6'.#-6+m)/D-,#60+D2./)#2>n+#&+/>#D#62./%A+
=$,0%!!%&+$(@+.A
W>/,/)+ %/+ '26+ 2,-#%+ DE'(+ %E&.+ #6+ .(/+ )/2>#&2.#-6+
1(2&/A+"(#&+#&+2>&-+.)E/+F-)+.(/+#6&.2>>2.#-6+1(2&/A+^#f#60+
26%+%E'.5-)I+'26+4/+%//%+#6+&E'(+2+52\+.(2.+%)#>>#60?+
'E..#60+26%+&25#60+2)/+2,-#%/%+-)+2.+>/2&.+%#D#6#&(/%A _+72&!#e###:2/=#*%+5>57
_+72&!#GM###`.2!'#-&+/=(#$+38#(6,..#;%+53(
_+72&!#GG###D.%/=(#'%#5%3#6,3/8#38!#(3%&!"#8!+783
_+72&!#GF###D.%/=(#6,3/8+57#38!#(3%&!"#8!+783#,U%+'(#(,$+57
_+72&!#GV###@//!((%&"#3%#/&!,3!#,#f%%&#%*!5+57 _+72&!#Y###:$%#/%.%&(#%<#-&+/=#+5#%5!#-2+.'+57 _+72&!#L###Z2(3#(!c.!'#%5#(,$5#-&+/=(
_+72&!#GH###Z%%&#%*!5+57#$+38#,#.+53!.
_+72&!#GK###Z%%&#<&,6!(#6,3/8+57#38!#(3%&!"#8!+783#,U%+'(#
(,$+57#$%&=
"#$%&'()#*+,--)+.-/0/12&./+3)4-5/./6&'(21+7!8 97:;7<+
Drilling
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