or the

!J{hich 1~1d . tt1 ' tr}a . a~tf;.bll ~1r .• :n~nt of 't:!o~r co.rnmtmi tles acros~-

the

nrsngr~ and

va.",;l

/av;-rt'h

· Tho

:totnldf!::'rr!

or ^the

~1ronn~:<tt s~ttlem~''ttt

iri

th~

rr~flSV:;?;·

1

~~:re And:rl~a Er~ndrik lJotg:lt:~ter '.'!';J)tl hlS'

r.r:t:rty

·~•""o •or.r.~~t•·l·"""' ~.., ~~A .Q~~· 'lr ~) o;JI ~ t't"-t""',..r..'f'· ... v rV4·.Z.~:;·. lt.1: -.•. _ t•nr··•"'i .... ",.."4-''"' '~3.:\.JV-~'!f!.~· t:t'l··Af"+ tJ<·j!'). ·,tJ.\~ .v~ hm_~'41 . .-~J~.;.:u_ ""'"ri'""l'' .... ~~'f-~ V " f lt:~•:rq OV"": •

'r.:1tll1n tr1e ~i~riod. o! a. ^ff.ii.rt

Yt:>."::rg,

~

nuttibf.•r <>f

~.trot··e:.:n

. '

8ettl~:rs wa-t1

to

bo :fotuv.:t $t}!'~tl1!d

over

the 'V'£:.ttt tpr·r1

tney

selvas into

orr·:,nb"t~u OOirttmm1t1e~, .re~nlt1nrr

nlttrrr··1tely

i~ th~ e~t~tli~~'llt.-.nr~nt of

.,:.'Je

~~td.d-A.friW:3.t!n"chA ttemtiblt~k~.

- ^' .

":f.'ht:~ Voortrrek:~(~er~

. ll

vr:~d ^&,

11t0

o,t

·rxr1vttt1ort,

-r~

qu1r1nr~ f;ton~

every

1n:(~:v1du·;l

toll

:1:m1

blood.

lt

.,,M

^~

11f(-; ·with

'but 11

tt.le

rr-"t~t or recr~:::ticn:

but one

nr1tr.tul

of

o~1l'Ortunt ty"'

,.he

Voortr~:k:.k~:r h.~rt

to

.:?..'nt'Jly

all

his l"e-

aourcesh

uhYr:t1<L~l ;;mel mfil~t~l,.

to

th~

-d1tf1cult rm.tJ

hB;,:rt•

. . ^{. ,}

trr~~Jd.t:'!f t~~~k'

of

:m~k1ng a,

void

and ttt'lclvllised

te.-r.ri

t.ozy

a.r~.ble ~$ v.ell

a!;lt

n~~l;i t.,~ble for ·t\tt:M:It\A;}D ·C1:Vil1 ~ ·t10n-.

'the 't'~x-lo<l _. 1A3f}!Wl844 _f ~as

a

~-.~rtlou:t·~rly d1t:r1enlt

·one. Tr~e V€!o.rtr~K~~rs, .lr:!.d to eont•'-ntl "~lth the 0!!1.t1vr1 horo.el! l'Jn\l~~r ~'osel1katn1, ~ri

ti

^!lh intr1gn~, thn

probletJ rJf

obt.oinln: tom:l :?.fRi .anJn<nn.1t:1on₁ -wbtle noVo'rtY tmd di~ ....

e~~.~e th:reat~z)~·l th~~l.

Notwithat;,nrtin~i r:d.l

the

nhys1c~l

bardahif!g. ''j;Tllioh

a p1onerr.1ng neor·:ln- had to

•

endur<e*

thA \VonrtTPt{kers ttu-cmg'hout

oontinu~~'

to

g1 v~ ~ttrmtio:n

to

^U\~

er.htO""·tirm of

ttml

,r.

eh1ldr~n ~(l ^to

their :rt'!l1tt1ons

~~~l-oo1ng.l)

A w.r! tnr oo:rm~~ntcd.l iff;~ berrt!-12t ~c~n kl~l~

re

VGJl) m~nsctl~)l'l.,

die

aa'~~r htmne

godndienstire

ond~~r.zy-znrn.

fmr-

"bi· ... _{. ~L~t;,.•} A:J,..,,,~t _{.. <} ,.:l.a ... ~)i·vc. ·'"'""rriiltl:!l,.-:· ~1)

1 ^c;;: i~ u,~·~,;;;; ~ ... "'.;,,~, .•

t.;bilt.!

on trek;

^tbf.~ educ.::tion

of'

thr. chilSr,:·~n Wf;h$

1n eFJ':Yence *kemap;t:1g e.n gil!aond.

~2.'

As soon sa

t.r~~tul.,.a s~ttlr:~mn-nt~ ~mrn ezt,.bli.~hf~'l,

1tmri$u1't.te att;pnt.lon "Wb.s g1Y..-:m. to the r>rovit:~iov of rq·~utar

schonlS:ng for the

cbiltlrenit

In f:·,ot,

th~~ :fi:r~~t

Voortt"ek}rer eonstitut1on

^o:r lS~~·B m~Ja" p:rr~vi ~ion fo-r ·th~J educ.·~t1on

of the:

yt;)Uth ..

';•;hilP th10 Gte:::.t trek: W;:~$ :ln es:-1Hnce

a.

r0VOl.t

against the Hr1t1sb ·ool1try to11Jat'ds oon•'~!tlro,'r.:·:·~ns. by t::~ki.ng

trte B<)e:rs: beyond the rc~·cb

··ot

Br1't1~h 11\W:t th" Ik'lP.crs ~"t:jre

' -

able to e~t·-:bli.rth such. ·nr<lttt~r r-'~'il~t1ons tai th thn

n::1:ttve

'l ~·

t""

d 1. ~-:3),4.) '

PO'i'"tt ."~J·.;ton

a.a

·~,f:!Y . t;H~.

re<, .•

one would

^:O.r-·,VP

e:xnectf!,'J tlJ:::t a.

Pf:o~lP-, ^!?ho· tnft

.

^-

the

gaeuri.ty

of hettrtht hom·::. i.·'XK1 -po~~ASl~inns. bect1:uso 1 t

rr:g~rdetJ. the

unlicy

of ·nl~1tt~; non•ii!\ttor·<~·.nn 011 -~-

tooting of

oo~.t~'li·ty

vlt'h

l'lll'ot~~"-·ns "~!t~1jd1g 1~t: de ~,i!etten '\mtl Cod

en • t

n~tunrl1jk ond.erso~i~id

vr,.n

.::'rf{(ont~~t ~n g;~loof, .tor.t>tt

het. onverdrageliJk

^v~s voor

olk

f,.'1.:t9'ot!nl1jk ^Kri~ten

onder zulk; •n last te bulg!1n) ·w:r.t"·rom v.riJ d?n cole.

on~

liever

'v(:~r·

tt-'1Jt1err~n, ttTI dt~fl t~~~

·onter onf1 reloof

^~n

de

l~~~'~r irt

zuiver ....

• - f

'tlll',..~b·i~ l!Hnu ! A · { . , . . f - 1 \ i : l l l J . ( l ( t•a.lilfil liJ[IW!!Iii_KIIrf"ITt~·w.tli'l'\'1llfiJ'~ .. III,Sifj'~l .. 1 1fllllt.~~·ilor-~o""lo't'A ... ~1t!.UJN~--

.

.. ill.

1) Gt:-)l'denert H.'R.A: 'ROUiltOW";:;e Vit-.<Ur:: {1e".ki~d~n1s ~,n •!1~

ll.G .. ^t<~l'k iu fli£~ Tr~irt3g',Tl~'-*, p.611 •.

2) Go~tz,e&,-1•

.r.c.;

"Ottderwy.s in ¹f'.'r'tnf:V:i, 1;. lO~H-l9Z7.,

·n.la.

3)

n,

.K1e~r1et,. n.1J.~ *A. Hi~tor-y· ot Houth Afl"!c.r~tl,

n.Stl.

'lbis f.UJthor r:-g-~;'rfls t'bis r~:.:i$tOn Ht1: m~rely 1r:1eifl,;·nt:~l.

4)

~·fl'r·k:~m~t.. s\~ ifDe

T.n'lt1or.xl van

Np,orle'f"lt=.fid

o·11

(':!n.t!£tt"'j/

n .r·n

{)nt~ikkel1ng,· v:.:.n do i~tr;~~'fs1nr~t,_~l1.1nr~Jl tier :t.A.tlf;tr>Ubltek ·

tot

^{.1n~1 ~ >} !>·:!l?. . · · ·

rt:ne

J;:ritlsh at.ti tm-Je to-.:r.r.t•rds non ....

\::t.u-on,;,;-;n~ va.~

the

.re~son.

!or

the Voo:rtl"6\fi'Prs 1~⁷·'V!:op- ~.fr.•t:'ll ti!tt"r· it~ ·

a;onex,~ltion.

' . . 1) . '

t~t?1<i ·te. bf\!hoUd().,n "! , , ano 'ttbn -..~l~h!~.t~ tc m1g:r~;t-·: to snch

t. "":r""1t' .

-v .. · .. > Q,~, ,;[J.•n~f:} 'l'i'tf" .._

~o...

^.tj fl'";

.~6

^'h•'

~&'1

<;,;;; ••• ^... ,n;;rCh·..-i.l)..,,.

,1,,~

^{.. fiy} 'ftl""i.'l"' y:;;_,.,

'~'""-"'+

'1.,H,,<r0Ao ^'·..., >-""

!~l····•li·' .~)

P

f~ic:;·t·

_{d .. r,;; ..} .,de_.~ t.-~•'..,'::<"" (·' ^,;<:.W t:'fb11l>c-..l,;.i··Ai.lj.tr,A v '-:7\l r.-.a

'!'~

-~~ ^... .. ...,,J. ,..,;y.t·

~

³

)

, . · '\tf ^··ot· .l

·t·~

~~ ^n·· .. t,J

·~·t i""'·t·~:~r·

.. J..l •• • tv"t. • ,~.,

th~

, t-.Ad ....

.

~elve':!

t:n

ttl~ elm::~:;.·~

ton .•

~md .e~nrt:r:lt~~.ition

of the 0011-

~0Y.:enn

:!'eorlf'.

f{ttt th{~t ~n~ ,.tnlt the o:·: .. r.;e. The TreJ~~(~rs, · tnow.<h

· """r.a

·~·

·t · ...

~ten ''~'~1<

^•:ti.

'~'""'~..,..-'

"":'l!

4''

t·~o ·· ·t'"

l

O'P·~""""as

o

.~..""'"

, ..

^·~~·

...

~ ,.~:. t.~H:.a ... r:;;h # · ,rey· .. ,~,Jernse v~s 111e;re t':')

not

1nt11:ffcr"~~:rdi

towr;-rda

^mlanion t<lOl"k.~:> ^{.. ·} !.\1h1lr:!

on trek thoy

~·'"e:.te

served

'tlrt(H.tf;hout by

mis

~1on~:,ries11 ⁱⁿ

'Pt.-trt1•

eulr·lT · nnniel

J,in.uloy

of

·th~ l..mr>l!'ic'jn

Y3o;;::rd.

tor Jt~reirm

l-~1 ^nv;1ons. ~md ^al ~o ^the

'?;)f:mlay:-:.!11 ;u:ocb.bell.

6 )

'

t

_{-- .I} ^'k,-4.e;· ~~->-~.04 ~Y.. ^{··•~'~·1·} ,•_;>, .. ) ^t-h:·1· '*'"•

r.n·

--:).~

..,.'t,

^{il \4} -4.-eOI'OIJ:.'"~~--..l. ^lli:J ~~-A-^'Y' ~_.

t·"'P

^{.. il} ."J _·,_ · hi·''·''f.,Aftt· f,.· __ .~! ^:JP

-r··T1"',.;<o

~ ~ ^C.··· &)~~ ..J.-~~4

'*.,....,

t'"1"" ^{.. :;r,_} tt.~ .A.~ 1"*'·•.,.,.

stitution he

tmd est::d:>l.i.~lled anlong~t

tho

tt7~

tive:!, ?-nd

th

_{. 1&}

^~'t

,,..t.•t· ,..,. .... "'"" .. \.f lf, .... .;, ~.~Y.tf,.U ^I;..,, ct. t···.'&b •.'•""-'!';>

a. , 'l'

^e,

··~'

-~..!, ·-" ⁴

"''*"~··•'·

.P,.,k' 1•r..t ...

., ...

,.,111.', ,~):~-;

t:!lf.l'l. 7)

· 1>

lt· 1~ sr:l.t•aviiJP-nt th:~t

'i•,bile

on trr~k v<:.t-ey littlf.t .

. coUl.;l b~ ^done ~ ^{.. 'itb} r~f:-::rd to systemo"tio ml~:·;ionr:::l'Y <t!Ork.a)

:t.al~i

nP.:

f~<r ~,.ro

the Colourco

t:'et::~le

-rgfrre crmo.emen, vnry f,aw

aoco~"j·m11ed tbe V(lt..?:tt-r~kl.:e:r~ Otl their j{:,urneys

oorth;.c,?:trts;

,

'ffilillj'gl t ' -J-4. it's!'74 J.PIWJ F(l_$tft:!IU!*i'.-ll'_)' ~'r!I:I'V'M r_)i.J:!l_ff!i'l"lfl'l_:;l.F!'jl"J~.$-ili!.J~IJ'Il '""- 1.·1 i i i ' lilil\i . . "1, ; · lll•a·~

' . ·'l)

ev~n

the nw.:bcr of'

1nd~.ntnroo l~bourer$ wr:~~ s·:r~.t~ll

..

1'</ltr:n.

the

\roortre~::.t~rf! ~nte:rf>d.

the

TrMav~.~l. t.~~ey

touna

th(~·

oou11t-ry oe

u}·:it~«i by th.:.: r~mn~...nt~ ¢f th(!! rh;t1f.IP1n.

trk.tlaro, ~atla.; Ha.rolot'lf~,. !3al1U'lmts1 • r~~etse:,

·

?.a"kt~:e:n!l., H~nt~gt4ato, 1:~a.tawana,_ r~_,.venda. •:1~:oed1_1 M~k-ttl"t~l'lf;:.; ..

~(1 ;'-'.:;tsut~ tribe~.Bl ^. CJt.trlflp

the

f1:rr.~t q,t~.rter ^ot

^.t1h14;

,..,..._;,w.d #"<'fU!i- l"!;t.;,;n-t~t'7W\J' t·hi:'lU;.¥111'1. """·t··<l"'t' t..-1'-.v·,a ll.daW ... J!!o.'i"tt''"'lJ"""'~ ~ ""'· ~ , J .. 't...t~-;:VA..~!,-t.~ v·.:. ^{, J '} :t,_~l J . .t\7!_.,.;-~ ,r}.~~~- 4 v·~-- · ^'J:, .,_~~-·.a \7;"·!".;-'J..If.ft ".:n--r::; ,":·f •. ~ :Jr.,t..: Y"

·bt

tter

oonfliot .l~~ding aln1?':Jt to th~~ir er~d1<Ftt1orh -~~o-~~lik~t~t. ch1 ef .of tt\C Mr:·tr:'J:~~l~....:nord~s :t l!!tart~il. t.h1s

~o.s.

of

dn·~trnotton ~n(J terror1~1.bd h1~ conmat:ric~ts. ' so tt:k1t

by

lfl~)7 he ~~:a$ th~

trbna:roh ot

gll ttfe

rr1t1ve

^t:rib~':l in

t

^{ti:l- . ,} ""'"t 3)

l!t:! . .., 1"cJ1tl~ ... --""" •

:·shr!Tf. And'tm,. aect~J~tJ B~·1ne tr~.vel~e:J thrt.nlltll thn

interior at

t'fi,t~

timet

hn· foln\d

thia te:t,.ttory to

be ~~~­

gr~~t ~~~~tt~

teemir1g

wi t.h

g:a..-ne,

^wherP.~

a

fev.·t 't;!e't~hn;~n~.

hunters. m:lg,ht ooce-:,~ion:~lly 'bt:':' t!et~n. :.~.lw.-:•.yg itt te't'l:'cl'

·th::::.t

they m1t:b't 'b'1 ·di~cover{:id

'by

th~ JJ~~ta.br::ti solr11,.,r;~·h ~ilti•

vt-tt1on

-<)f th~

ground

~r~d

of eour ..

"f~ eea~!&i nrni

thf'¥ mrrn-

·vors or tbn fo~rir~r 1tllt<:.tbi t~·ints wPre. ~ktnrc ont a! m1s~'r~bl~

exit1tence on

tllr: bord~r0>

of

th~ d~_!:tert :t~:t:!dY

to

ret:-re ··t

into 1

^t

or1 thr1.

fii'~t r~·r,ort tb1lt

a.

~ataJJ~:~ela.

tmnd,

ho1-?.t:~ve:r

tml-~ll "'*~-s

^{in the} ne1r'hbotrrhood. "-4

)

Tbe;:-~ htrt:~elt r~:l•~:.rts:

"V f' l 'il Ji- · il v ;. i ~

..

, liln th.e

couHtry

of the Batmrut$e,

~~Jtt~;·ena, Pr:ar~~t~a,

.

1\;_mgwrd~·P.t~i ~no n~l.tc

tong ... .,. ,. • thrrrc-1

^{wrt~ tiD ot.ht~t}

:mrurt.0r

th·Jn

ll.oeel1kr:•bts1

:c:tnd.

tlu~ lion~. H~}

^·

<J'rl.;..(') J..,.,t.J.._~" ~;l,.·:S·,h "'>;-!W-...1"'"''1 -y,'-:<,~· """f; "\,J,_, ^·t"h~ l.*1'p 't!':o· '¥:~_-..:~ o'¥j,t"""'>:.r"'"""1"t" 4/t:· .... :"-.·~"':7 ~:·;..~ tn ... 1 _ \,f_,_: ~,.. .. -'~' .~~·.t. ....

··:n-et"•'l'.-.1

t'!:.Y'!'.-·'."'

Wt:i!:l ·~t(~lcoxnf::!.et

by

the t~~rr<xr1se(l

nr.ttive

^tri.or;~, fnr the

I • - .

t10er~3 c'at rm

rmd

ttl ~~ose:t!"Jizat$1'

a C"'m.m;xtgn of

tnttrd~;r

.~,tlti tf1r~·.,:r Ur>Oll hi~

ot•n

'P'.:iCtOlA., ~-,;o 71.)1glir:lb. tr::t'ffc>lltjl"Zt

*:<tho jcnrneyed thrmlgh thin G'"O\tt:tl"Y nt th~ ti"r~, cont~~dct1

· tbt":t

~tho t:rt"..nr:ru11l1

ty of

th~ intr~rio:r 1~' Otllf.

tt' na

. '

attrl'bute~t

to the

!ortun~:.·te a:orxe'·;r~oc

!n · th':!tt

et~:ce

of our l~1te ~~ello~~~ (Joloni~ta th~

^nntoh

lf'':1:t:rr.ers. ~

²

)

ThE- Vnnrt:r.-e':,:l~ers ~}'fYte :~t .<:";11. t1m~s :prep~9\:.l to l:i'\ff)·

on

t:ritm~lly ter:n~~ ~-:·1 th tb~~ t~:;,t:tve!l:,. ~h11~ m~.ny tribtm~

'nl'1Cet.J.

tht:''l'i~.t;.lv~s 1mt:t.e1:- tlt~ ~Jroteetio:n

of.

the

:~~ers.

³

)

^4:)

.

^'

,~

.• n. f'Otglotnr, thf>

Vm1rtrek~~er lAr~de)!t.- s~:+id -of

hi~ cont~cts ~:~1 tb ar:rrt~-::cin !1rtt1v,-~ tribes.;~ ~:ren e~:rf~ten bebcp~

wy n'?llget:t'Offen de

1{~pet1~tn 'rk"'n.g~J!

e.n.

'H7t

hart es-n

vrec1:l~

b.,sl uyt

t.'n tPn _. twecde

de konieng

!"':aro~a _. t?n or-·k met

n-..w~ ...,,..~"')•l..-. ·:t...,..~l-"·t~.tt ·ta"i".t d~, .... ^{~¥J&. ,.:{_...} bnntt:l•~'·""tLW- '""',..,t'~""'-· f'i.:::-tit.:ir

~,,~.·~.-. yr~,u ...• .l....(.~' ·Vt;i~- l .. J -·~· ~~;~-~- __ \.~+\t-4~; l.l.'f-':; ":'~-~~ .~_,~, J;. .A~ ,J,\,~·) '.._'¥'f,JJ. ! ' , 'r.~· ~-~~ ·'

n~"!:rieds

.

¢Ok' :t·M:t erm vrt~ooe ba~:~luyt. tf;n

Vier>J.e

de kQl'li~..ng ^'

Oikontz;.ltf, ook ,;;~t 81\'J::\ Vl"f)r).i~ bf!!:Jlnyt,

ten

^{vytrJe dA} k"'tr:ti

ttJyn

Mak~antt o k m~t

enrt

vr~ede_ oesl.uyt ••••• , ~~·ry

heboen.

v~c.tt on~ een $tr~rlk lt1t:~ts grykogt V~'t'1 de k:!:it'ttyn ~t,Jt"~~n~. (U.e

ook _

gfl::roonewer\rd. 1~ don~ :fJ,tu~1el.1"kt!.::<:,ts o-rr.r~le d~.t

wy

:n1~m1~d

~'ifill

btmttdnlr:&.n van

de na*ttd.es

d:it1

hi~:r zijx~.

^•

^{5 ) .}

ttn 9th M-rr1l 1flt14, 'l't1e '*':.::uio•M:rik~~;ngcW~ i'fe'l)Ubli.c;t

n:rocl7.1.n~J

·i

t·3 fil'·~t ccm~ti tuti~}n, ~m.d

.in

lt til~ rf:-1;::·t1o.n ....

shi? b~tr-."~t.m ~:ttJ"00B'l,Jt RXii'.l

n':>n-'t·uro;:

e:;n ~ns ol~t,t!y lf~1d

. dO':.!lll. l)

tn the: f.'~'r.iod.

o:rtor

tn

the

;:Uf~"nl'~nt :~~ell

rJ::-

publie~

uni

tiJ~e:. t'r'I.'S·~ttem c;f pe.~cn ·~,,el"<~ m.~d~ ~11 tb tttf.:fe~~nt

nt.;.ti:w:-):

tribes..

Th.us

trt:•

;'.t1r,~ 1\'t!'f'A m~u1e

'i'lth

:f¹

t..nda;

~x~ct

n

_{. d!!} ^t. $~~~~,y~." ^{· ?)} '

ln ttc eon(:cti tution

tit tl1~ l'fve.rr'·ni~de ;~tlid·Afri:··~

ki:<) nscne RF.r·ubl1e'j(·."',

lA5FJ>

thr~ rr~1.~:tionf!:hi'rJ wd 'r:~Ollcy.

of t!1n

··b~rs to~2it*l:1~'t tht~ :rtorc~1~rrnr;c-":nn W'l~1

onco

~"1.1n.

cleorly

r~!tc:r.flted.. ~rlw~:re

·:--wuld bn

ll\'l

equ:1lity

'bet•.:'Emn

~~l:'Ot~~r··ns

^H!.t1

Colou:reda, 3 tti

^r.h1lf'Oh

~Jld ~t~:te;

^Il<:)

:Sl~V$.•

tr;.;ue

^l1(.Xt

sl·:w'o:ry

^1t'Oltld bt~

tolt:f"•:,tei.l and

furth.~~vmt>r"~; ^':00

Oolour.~d

r,1eri;0n would. bo

Eilln~-.~ect

to

^t~!rr~''*

on

m1y

of the

couno11s of

th1:c 11et)Ub~1o.'

⁴

J

t::Jd dOwtl th::.t ~nch nr,:ft1Vt:1 reC~$' ~;/~ ~r~:re ' li.v.tng 1.r1 tt>1n.

t:b~ ter:t.•i,tt::tt'Y

or

thf:~ H~ublic i''oultl be

Y?r-oteqterl

1n tnr~on

(1.nd

n:t>otx~:rty.

^{5 )}

tn~·-~

^RtrPUblie

~1 ~o ~·tirmlated

ⁱⁿ ita \!on•

$t1tution

th~.tt: "H(~t

volk

zoek.t ge;:n

u.Itbrcd ..

:Ung ·v--.l:.n

:rrortct-

gt}htoo.

on

\ill ttl~~ ;.;;1le~n

vctgr-n$ r9rtv'l:

rd1g~ ·be~:1n~F·ls1

on

·,;Jt1Ch tt~of.:

f!cer qon-;nuni

tie1:.~ ~t:.ter1 . thc1:r l::":l:~tt1c.nsh,t:m¥

th(; ~~':Qtjru d~:~clu.rfju ti'l;;:"t t.h~y

il-·ould

:ttot tolel'~1:te er:;ur~l1 ty bet\1eftl ':;hi te ~met !ilf'J.tt~. 'l'trU$ in 1858

it

'~;U~ cl,:-;· ·t·l.y stuted thr.lt #de {;ynodc· rr~ef:t. g~'.·t:·r( gsJlij~r1tellint~· ~t!tt~ ;Je

gt.;:?~leurde

^er(

l:~lanl<~n

^l.eden

^df;r :kf!'•:rk w!llettJf • 1

) ln ~';{~:Y

l.B8S the nd.ni~'it~l~ of· the church

a:t

Jchatil~er"burg decl~3!'~

tht:t:,'t h~:1 Wr.1nted *get-''n gelyk~~-t~lling: in ~:le ktt.rk~, md hP- fe:l t th;i't

"o.a-•r

^{1~.: gifj•,,n} gelykstr:llilW: a.l·~ e~n gek:l~~urda

,) l·i. . ... . *"'1 . -~ ""'' ,'( ... ?.)

.(;(~.1U,t';i llf~. onof::'t' gr~t\ t::U.t'•.JE'!!l arw~-~.ll v . "

}j"'roru·

uu:Jo

th~

z.,A. .•

~?. t1t::<~rt(.>tt to 'build up a n;;.tlonal nr-t·tivr;t

,-,ollcy

wi·t.ti. tll~ ·objf~ct of

-onttinr, tho

rel~~,tionabi~.

.

.

tetwer~:n · ~~lt'O~'i(t;,;;;n ~-:t.ntl · noxl....:·D'tlrO:'l"A~·;n

ort

a s~~:ti~t!f-l,etory

rma

laFrt1ne b:ttd. :;;.. nr rj..

van

~:~1.1Jon pu:t•J 1 t thtm:.,... ~

•n

^,:;te1e1d

'V;~Jl. apB.X'thr:id w~a rer•du 1l'l. 1800 <lf:~U:r ;.U:e ';,iuid-:A.f:r1k.(!'',.rJSGt:le ·

Hepubli~Jk ₀

a.s

sine qua

tlon

vir die _• voort·br~r~t!ir:n

v:7m

Plbrik .

. ~~)

eJ:l G\·r::t.:rt 111 nu1d-Atr1 k:ti, !"t~l''Jv,~nr. ~ ~·~

J3ut this ·nol1c:;r m~t with ob~t:rnctton

.. ·

"YJ~ile the

cotW'f::nti(>n8

<)f ~#~-:nd r?i

v;:rr

.,::,nr} E.J.nc'f~font~in fr'v(~ tht~

Bonr

s~epUhl1c~

-po11

tia~J.

t:recdont,

·attErnr1t~~ were

goon

tr.v~.ren.fter

l;t::int:

m:,.rie

by· r:titi~~h. tn~J~ri:;fil

interests t<>

have tbeu~

:t:r.·o:-~ti€S anmJllfXi,

tr"·rtimtl·::rly

a!t~r the d1:::.now~ry of thA

mitle::~ ;,i,l w€';1 th

or

^tttP :rr·7~nsvaHl. - 1l:rr ^~}.A

.:e.

^{~tas bei:..1g}

f:~ gr~':lt and

uc""erfnl

n;~.tti('n 11 :tf'! ~-::or;lHnd bi~~Jf-~ 1 t";Jt~t:f

ey

tJ ..

eonvr,'mtion

tuYt to ~-fntf',r intc~

t.rf'l"".tie$

^~rr.1 tn

nu; ..

'l~~::~,t~

colol-trt-ri.

:rr

~e" irt

tne:

immedi~rte

vicinity

^of h~r. o~""l"l ro!lses~­

i,otls

~..nd.

to

^{tJt.:t o.~}

a.

r.olio~

f'rr,

~~.·tt.otz1c·r

nf:.t1(ln» to nrn-

V*.trt t.bfo~e coltJ1Xred :r:c1CC!'J· f'::-vm o~t-d:r:1t!f -;,rills ratd. ^t;m~nu•

nt tl.t')l'~ ~·!! th \~hioh to fJt;::fFM ttv:H;ts~l·res.:t

t

t'hi,n:t oh~7 ~liould

?.=;t let:-.st 'tYter5~r\tr: ttttch a c~Jntrol. o'Vt-::;"r the nroc~ffii~~;·/~l of t~e nut1Dnl~ ¥fho~r~

ohn

tlrn3 b:.:rwfit;n ;:,t tn'~, co~t of oth~rs.

tbtit

ehe

m1.~Iht.. t1;k~ ~~1re ~h0t tl:.~y 11SP.: th!~r;~ vr~~t ;Wv·:ntr-tges

J,l~;;tly ant'. 'r~ell

for

otb:J:rs, an<J 1n -~ ~axlnt~r t-,~·hi'.'!l't tliri·no~

CCI'!l>>:::•lt:m;1ee

thr; 1ntr:re~t3 o~ n;-~j''ety ^ot·

^Britltlh

terrlto:rl~t:s.

^ttl)

rn

^{l6~·t1 Lord} f~~Jr:no:rvon _, smtt a _.

cont'idtmtiol

(lin-

'

p.~~tt1h ttl i~i:t• Ph1li'n ~·o:lnhottt·H~ in ~ih1oh h~ wl1d:-¹¹lf

:tt cein

bt~ cle;"a·ly nr~71V~d. th.r.,t th~ _I Repttl>licfl _.

nra.cti(v·llt

_{" •} s ~n~:!tion

gl:~Ne tr.(.·.d1n!~ ·'7'n'i sl~1:vex-;y- ,(;111U. rr.re tllt~r,~i1'<'t~~ al:tl~:t'~~-·~.hlH -r~1tb .~·

vi

<~1tJ.t1

on n:t

th~ :''1Qnvr~tl

tion

t/f 1m;~~

•

·lf1h'i

en

^~tft

^you

re.·m~::rk,

thr~ .~Jri t1.ah ri(fv~:rn.:li(~nt oun.not.

overhmk, r

st~;).ll brc:' r.l~:l

it

. ^'

vr;~. ·tr":~.~ 2~. ,~,_1., ~·ilf •·· ····111 n~r-t,..,. "·".~ if··· ... , ... l;(,.,., ~~~ .··1._~ t~·· ~ c~""'ifl'Mit ¥;/!; ~.~,t~.ltl.l,.(, _.:i,,-.'\tt ... i•l,f_ H..,,. ,·it ,'l """''\Si-,_-:~{...'f:~\l\_.·•.1'"# f~,. ~-A.e,t:tY .... 4 ;"'h ··~hati'""'"" .\.tr,,,j,_ ,,, ... -~'c.,/.t.. 1

. . .. ^' . .

,

!'i:f~':ttd tbt: t~(:>nvt::ntio(}

c:r

1m;~i a.~ ~t~Y lo:nge:r 'td.ri_;ing en th~ro*.

1.) G:r~:y

to

t~too)lehr-;:re : 27 ;>;ent .1856 : Ft.rrtber

Pcmtn"'n •

nt':ii.te o:r. !a .fir :r1~ibt!'~, Au.; ..

1057.

r.:v,:;~t en~

ole h ..

~,., f"¹Pj~~:·~y

's

c~o~rr.,·r~·:··:ent

to

nt.;roF~r;:tf!

tile

I

one-sided ~:rovit:ions ·r.¥:f tbE : .. onvfn!.1.bn

.;rntoJl binJH

tht:n::

tn sut)~-~1!' rnwo~ctt~r· :).nd_-of.l'J~r r~)t:~·1mi

tinn

tr. tr!.Q Hfrr:mb.lic

rn~d

-to \·:1

trJ~ld

^it. fro· ...

t'tr-~ rv.,tiVA~

..

~·

¹

)

frit:::ntily r:-trHJ w

t.t

~f~:ctDT'Y T-~.1-~;tl()nrJ · ti tl: the nnn•f;~rro··:~.',ns ..

ThA- int::rr~ot RIK/:'n ill n~;·ti.'h' R.fl"~;;i're W::'tS '!"I'!'O'Vf;:~ by tb~

t:~(;t U1B.t th~ \folk~~rr: ~·.(1 arp•·o.intP.d n ~o" :<i ~~:7t1c:n of f·)lf;'1il'Y

ht'~bt,ervt~ Q:) kr.:..fft;.~-r dit•nstt>r.~rlRn ~n i·n.f:f""'r"-rflt

tr:m

' te or~d<·'X'-

of .1r1ottlil"Y eert i:lUb!-K:~C{ll(·ntl.y '\'~:r-"rl;v.~d of by +he lr~;;1r·l· ....

tivP

council or

\lolkl'\:r:·,..,d ..

:•y

l(Y'r''., ho'Zrf'lver,. t.r~~"

inv·

-rn~.ti!m·.\1 f!i t~t..:tlon

in

i'i:\l1"Cmet hE<J cV~'!"if·1 (::d i t:~F

U:,

^{Md ;'} :ri t:i.~ll 'f'l);r:'riali~rts, oncf--! hf ':ln l'V~ti ~:;;'bi t1or;s

o:f

f'Xt~ndlrw it..--~ ct-;nttol iP

I

obt:\in ('!mrt;r<:;1 oJ' the :J\r··,r:2'V:!l'' 1 > hy ~f:m :P,Jrt:fticn, if' t'E""C'+'~~~~-~T'y, bAC8lt!l-t:P- 1 t ;.,=JJ~ ~n n:r.tffNr.<ir'i,._ ol€> ~te'l"\ tnv·:"l\i~- th~~

control

of 'th·.,

~·hole

^of

;:~1Jti'I t~ct,...ic,·~. ·~·ith :lt~

l"or . .;r 'rlHlole

riot~l ^...

tlr::n (;-f 'f'"'" ^{I •}

cont~:'lV.:'l:ntion ~)! tr~· $)Hnd ¹?iVA:r' ~nnv·::t'ltt~·:.n, -:.~~r!W:l nnr1 '.">}

tmrr;,;r;1

tic:n

\~ef'f" iy: in~: ~:~J.!~~ 11 r-::t

to tw-·

^.t1tm-·1 tl'or::-f>":~ns· ·;

t!:(· ~\nti-;"1~:very. '~och~ty w<:.s

e:g·:·.lr!

!:J.CGt~:~in['

tt;s

::t>t'l"S t:;f ~.1:1Vt"'-tr:'de. ~;t:.l::•.r.d ';.'rJ..s goirw, · tc .•in P.-::ck. tLi:":

,:1) Il'f:r,.utlic ::~.n! ir.trod1JGt:.~ tl ,r.c/te '?.IJlit:ttc .. r,f~J n~·ti:tJf~ rmliey.

hf' ho(~eJ tb~t ~hrp::tr.me 'i'CJ1.tld ~r:~v~ UJ!'J honuur of ·t;e....

"'~"

\,..•..,;,~· 1

·"''!1r·'~ t~',:'

· ·t_ .. : ~-· .... ~. ^{.jl •.} 'i,...,:d:. t ~

···.,.it~"'-·

· ·:.J.. . J. ~:).I_ f'•"V·"'·.,. •. .-.lJ t,,,,.; J.. i,..,.,.. ~ t; r.,;. •¢J:,

t~-<:"> .,·,r·.:\·}('1:•~~:···}

,l,.,..,-;t .t , (' ~·~' y·"~" -~v • ^{4 }}

Ci:r t1;-!T!lP.t ·~ol!:('ll-~Y. r;pnct ·~1 ~i1~l·. t~o ·.-1rni(Jr.m• in '..'ientb

-!;,,P.,._~ .... -1 ... -! .... 1 .... ,...,-l ,.,hL;~-.·~to,.,,. :'I~ ~·ol¹ '""t-... .... l,~fi, :_.,,., ... t.";·.'ln. ... t1 .. --... ·

f\.~ ~ l!lt\J~ ' ~·-• v· ,.-;._.·).. ),""••'"·"'~"' ~ -d.i"" -' . ...,,.) -.j,; ""~"""' ·-!~ • v ~v•~ 1, • .t. \·;:

u J10licy th;:, t i0 £lVi:t~;n,tly :h~ t<::ndr-:d fo:r tlH? ·~::rotr~ct.ion

o:f tf:<:; n~·

ti vc r

:ceG ~..g.: in:~t ~,·hi

te

atl r.eoi-~1on,

,,,

::;.nd

tnue

hr1s

fer·

i tn cbj(:oot ttL:

r,rcvt·r.rti.t::n

^(Jf 1-•r·r.nlt *

1 II . . II'~ ; If¥ .a..r" ^{ii _,} I , Lt ,. II 1) A;IIO>' J. .. ' 'll l'fl * . ^S 1 il!l ~~ JIJ t tf ' Allf of 1 -~ J1 ~~ i!o J - "' ·,!: 14 I 1 A 1!J 'IOllf: ,._ 1iij 1

sne~·k

for

ttr:·~:~P,l ve-~~

..

P.r;~.tt tr:.,·tificd ~J~ follOltm:• '~l dO

not

dr~.ny Utit

1~!<:'>lr:~.t~~d C\4.£1~•.;

o·f

1ll ... trr·:tm.,:nt tu~'-l.Y f'l::~v~ oceUT!'~d in <mt"

lyint:.

~11~t::r1Ct!J~

.·or

th~:;t tt'n ;:kmr~ in tile >-'!l~·rly d·.ys

of

' .

tre:t·'td.ng ...

trr.JJ'f tiaVt:' bn::n l'r1vnn

to

h.o~tile me:-t~urns

tc)

prott.:~ot tht1ii~~~lves. fro~~< con~t::

r1t

^~.tt-:d!k c::f n::.t1vc!1 ••••

t:ut

~·~1

th

l"t:"f~·,rt-.,:noe

to

chqrr~s Tcfl(.loctinp: <'ii:~o:r~· fit

on

·tto. Cov-err.n:nnt

nr~d n~o,.!le· ~U.:::~e,.

sueh

:'1::~ obt!"~1'n.1t~~::

G,nco

childr~·n. annrt~lly ar~J the burnirrc: of chil~lr,.;n ~;liVP.~ I

· hr-rvt!<

ovr:·ry 1:er-1.r'1tm

to br,lit:~ve th:~t thP fr>~f:(~r 't!ill,. on

I

inv'-~:.:;tif?:r~tion

in the

r:Fmubli~o

r:rrnvr-:r

t~:> br~

.a. r:rogs

e-x:P.g:gora""'

tion~nu

the l::tt:er,

if

1t occurrt·,,J

f,~t

f-:.1.1, was not.

^t.t·t(;

r~,ct of th~"'\ r~oe:r!t,

out

o:r th(:" ·r~;~.fl:rn tJ:r._,~trtryl ves i3D~d nr!t

·;;· ···f1 .·

_,(,

:r~

•. .,aJ

t.t;'.·:t tb1 1tl.det":,·,rnt: of' th~; .. ~bo:rif;i.n~g t'ro-'tf!cti:;n ,.;oci!-rty sg;Din~t tLe '!\'(~nublic of sl·::v~:ry ~~nd 1.11-trc·~:.t:n:.nt of rt(··n-

~·)trtr"H~.·:ns ~4o."o.~~ ~!1 ft.d,ltt · tottmh

tion

~.t:nd ~:rc·m~ly ~xap~f~r::;,·ted,.

I

1t.~c f'-~\~t tf.lr:_,t l:.·:·.rt:'<".:!, nu.:r:tmrfl o:f non .... r::n:r0::''/)~,1".!~ C(:ll1tinu~d to

,.livr.:· t'md~r )'':('P'::',\l"""'t'flLe Wi tf2C•nt mrf[dflf. fmy ~:tti.,."?~Jt ^tO 'fleE.

ir~to 'f~rl t.if~h

cont'rollr.a terri

t:rry

horP

·.·~itn~:;s:- thf."rrto.

l} .0n~01':1

r'!onsul

of'-tl'~t" :<ritif.ft.t GOV~'¹l"l1';lr;nt

i.n

tbc Z.A.r;:.

B) Cor:rqenon+~,nee rr'l:·

ti

~~~

to

^tt:B Zillc~y('d k1Unant•1rt€ fmd

ensl/\V1n~·" oOf. yrmt!fii. t\l::r11rXtS by· fA";(: J't;O~'Jl~ of

tn9

1'r·.'P:1\f''al h~tlbl1

c (

^{l11f?·~?) • ·~~ •} 5<-')"

tl:~"'t m~my

^·

-r}T·~·f0l"t'<-·

^{1 tbR}

~o~~r~~

^to

i::t:~

^{'>ri t1nh •1)}

~~0nt nndr-•:r tf.F;:; ~Jl(m.~l~ o.f ~ncn1rit:~x. 1n't\t

the

^c.mt!m,;J

of the distu:rb:;-nef'ts 'f.:>et"t-JEPn the ~-¹\i~'rn '?.nd. ti'!f.t IJ..:lnr4Ji-t:r11'>~

ur:tJPr ~Jeknknni

^{E) a:rrd 1d tL tl;n}

oo~~ .. :~i~nton t,..>

^f.ltlor\t

;'ilF.~~$U:tPa to

PrDVv'nt; th~

r.:-1cu:rrenca of

~d.;:,,il"::l" di~tnril::,.nc~s- ir', tn~

. 7) . .

!uturej"'· ;:;}1~-r;f':tone t:~nt?~xr:-;: thf~ ·rr~·:tl~V;:;;~~t on 1.th -l':t:r11~~'T'Y lH77 rmd n.nt

:t~Xfl{}

th0

.torr'i ~o:ry •

4 ) ":He

1~;;;~~ therr: ·to ~"i.r'ex

th? ·.rrannv~_rl to tee "''-ri ti9.b <~rm·"Tl .- H~ h~3d :in !: .<!t tJr:r;~n

'

ImirhteJ

for

th~ 'Y\\trr!o~e, ·!;Jn1 1;l:i~ "'n:1n

to

b~

the

flr~t

of i~is l<:ii1t~;·:.tly ^act

^e.

~

^{4 a':ye}

^a ·~··r1

^tf;.r.

^S)

'. ' ... ·. "1·.

'.,J-.t ~ ...

H:rlton, which took

ph:.cc

only

i:t t~;:i~0 ~1nd ·tr,s i<r.c;,m ^':H1

; . f))

. tll(: 1''1rst FtJr•r l~r:ir of Ir.tt.ie:;"lt?ndence."' 1\ftr:rr the ·:r1 tiHiJ

''•r•¹⁴ """L~'et .. •'lo-n""•, ··,r1,..t 1~·, tl.·-r.. ""'ni~r-.·}r.~ ~-+ ~-~=:jt··l,.."'t t1--..,.,

~-~ .t\,1,.. ~-;_ -;_.,1'~-lht-;.A..J..,·.J ··_:, __ ,u 1_,; _l_.t.~ __ ... ~';"_:~ _··~ .... '\J.ftt_·, . ..:-;ll rr·.~· _·.._;., .... , J:jr.:..~

(~l~(i!::ttOJ1~

Govrrn:1:r•nt·

concr:if>d int~;.rr,r-~1 ind~-rmdf:'nce

to

t

~-·\ "'-_,•:~_. '1'."""--~.:_J.,_·!'_ lf"''-"' ·:' .. ~ J:~ ^.... v,!-._" ... ~1~ -.'1. I l"~··v:<::-c•~"' · -•.~t ^;rl"' .Jt._J,.l 1''~·";~-~:-v'~"~ •l_.; _ .. ;1.~-~-- ~·~-' ~~4 ^··-.v'l· J:, ·• ,., -c_,_i""'·".· -~ •._• * _?)

1\. ~.oyal :;,y:;: iw~iot.: ~~r ~ H':'·:···nintro on f'lth A~l"ii.

18'11 to 1nve-:·tip.::te.

~cmriitlon~

ir

tit'; Tr-~·xmv~·.:-·1 r._\:t:ld

to

dt>:w tm n Pl' ··oe

tr:r~·-

^ty

~Ji

^th

th~ ''O~l"'~~

^{.. 1) tor.J} flmbPt"lPy, who \'li:rr~ct~d tr:e com~;tz··ion, vti-:P guidf'd oy· a rf~~olution ador-~ted

?..t

r:. ~'lf?'Ptil'\f,: of tne ·At;orifinr~~ T

rotf''Ct'ion

~k>c1LtY

on

-~nrtt '~rrch

tnt.

The rBnoltttion rr-7rd ~~.!' f'ollo~,g~.:-

.. 'lr;is nlP'~'tinr d•·'!d,T. f~ to e){!rrr~t;:;:~

ite:

cnnvl~tion ttp.t t.~o

se.t t 1,:-·r/'~.O.t· of

tt1' ·· ·

T-r-:'f!~Vi' ·:':1 qunr-~ tiOl'l 'ttill bfx n=~ ti llf r. cto:ry

thf~t doc:~ .not ^~~.;·cnrn tttD son~::rn,t1on 'ft"O:li the j'r'·.r:~;v·, :1 of

"

t<··;tiv~~ 1Arl"1 to:r.l, .. ·s. ~l1Ch ~:;~ l!Y:t.i'"'t:..t:m.rr • ~·;:~\.t!,''l"'br·re; :1n.J ~Ollt­

f.\':;Di.tb~·rg:fi ~nrl t!1:~t it i:~ ecJ~.!1lly

cs

^{·~mt:v~,l tb;.d; tt'iP O';.t11rr:·}

in.heLi tini" tr~+~ t')l'.ri t!':i.:ry gov~rr:r~d by tllt~ i1Qf:'f.'S sh:~;ll be

aecn:r~d th' "rif':.tt tc hcVJ l·mtlt to l"(Cr~i·w~ r·~-liy.:i(;tW '·llVi . "'>)

oth~:r

ir1nt:rnct1on

₁ ^~-nd

to

t:nj.oy r.~:r~~onf!l ti'f.'<'\;Jom. u;: ...

!n hit:<. irl::!ltrtJctioru~ to ;·;.tr i:er-cJule~ '•'0:01-r~~on~ llfv..ou

o! tbe ~J~ovr~ .... :Hc·nticned

noynl

.~.);')n;:i;i~~:.ion, l.cYrd f;.t·:itF·.,·rl~y

in- tU.c:·

ted t.h-:. t; l1e ¹:,1~:\.nt.ed ~. 1J011c:y, t') tP f~VvlV~:'u t;!::~t ·

·onld

· 't'IX'!.;S:a:rve

tn•·

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/

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b.;

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lSSl, )l'he >t:tr·,n~~w:: :,1 ~.tt'~~,te•! 1>~Ffl

to

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J

Of the ~~tle~fl» 1.:d:H1 h~;uj tt1c l"it-:l'Jt to ~u·;;:·:')itlt fs ":riti~!ll

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1:ntt:«t';'?-~tt;J

of

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er

t~ot. ln t!F: s Ir:J · ~t-,t~ \.;!ltnc~ut

tt11

con;;;t~nt

or

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rrer

reira

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:)lGoes

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tf.l the (;f.yvr.-t•n:r;ent

ct.

^{tr.~ s' iU}

st···.te.

ttrough

the

i·':riti~~n.

'r.e.~··i··ilt;'l".tt ~1) 1:1)1,.,(,'>...,·~,~-.... ~~~ ~·

(

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cf

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th.~"' lte¥~ :reonhllcn of r~telV>l··,.n:l ~ma GoStt!~r: :;u:· ~":!':'·rod in

,._,echuelx~.l·d'l{j tr~yond

tte f1xtJ1t

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tor:.·,!·:r

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r

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rrt:tc-rla:

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oy .a.

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te

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to

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..

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· ^·,~hile i, t i>J

ontoiJ.e

^{tt.l~ ·}

BOor-e

of thin t:rt-l'·}tif!:B

to

dit1CWJS

the

:nacbin~tlons ·~<nti

J)Ol1 tlcr'tl

.;:r-.noe!m~~

of

th·~ ltri

ti

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'.

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conct~:r:nlr:t tlv:: neor]l.~~

of

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to oontrr1j.

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to tht·:fi a,g *'probr;bly thr- mc~t oor:rw··t ₁

tw··:o1"a1

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not

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Q1Jf::'\ntiona

1n

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r:rme 'l'mm to i\r:'"~lrmd 1~~ nmv b~~irw 'FOr'ke\1 by a. coloS1'··1

4. . . - . . . 2)

aynd1c·:tf.~ :J:or

tho

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contr!nd

0:l~;o ~·itll

e ...

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to

¹t'Ol"l<;.

on •

thr! ~uinr::~.

Thef'e

^:tl~~ti

vr:t:.

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·1rrnr"~ :';;.t tim~1s

inei ted

:-lgr..in~'t ttv:;: '·

iOc:rs,

r~nd vh~-t~vnr .lt'Wi~l~r"t1on w~\~ -

·b~1nr._- con~it:h"':r~;,d by th(l "govPrrtr~~nt o1' thi~ :~ ./i.. n. ;,;1 th

:rn•

g-.:rrd to

non-!\tro··:~1~'rH-s. ~-r·}~

tht-..,. attbJnct

of ^ir1t<~\:rfr:·"r~nr:;~~

.

.

Tte goVBT!lil~~r:t o:f thr:·, :t.. .. A.

n.,

not~d t:t~st~;r:ri;i.ng the 'tr~r~-r.r;:ndoun

e.n·l

n:rrtnsi:rw _~ " " ~robl9r:;a th~r,t confront~d . i, t

X,

0.11

all

^tlidr~~,

continued to vl vr- co:n$t.· ·nt

r:;.ttnnt1on

to

^tt~0,

non.-~lro~·,etcai::J u.o\J~l"' 1 tn ;tnr1ndict1on.- -r~·:i~ 1~ borne

ont

by

thP

num~~r01l? leci;:!l ~.t1ve

acts

1nd by tbe co~n~:i

,,_siofl.tl

th~.t de~·l

t

~cl'1 th nnttv-s~ r~i'f-:1iro dt.tr1nr· tbe p(rr1c•d 1Cn4. to

1am, ..

~':rue

tc:

it~ ~vowed pol:1GY of ,.r,0~n f'~lykntf'llit1L 'If,

th<" P.o~rs r1 ttnnlr~ted to· if.'Otk ~.-:.1\t a 1Xtl1cy _ th~:; t ~oul":i en: hle

' .

Ul I lt@liJ Q _ • 1 4 t l . ' t " i J -l · t · H -J'~fl .. ~.t'll H•ll -.. ... 1'1\1: !Wtl."tJIH\. I. --w•h1"fl"!•lt_,lltl"fl.Mi!"ji!Nolill"~ i l l f IIJ'_,.