De volgende personen hebben een belangrijke inhoudelijke bijdrage geleverd aan het onderzoek door op te treden als respondent (vragenlijst) of als contactpersoon. Dhr. J. M. Alvarez Luna
Cuerpo Nacional de Policia, Madrid Dhr. F. de France
Beleidsmedewerker BIRS, Directie ISAD, Ministerie van Justitie, Den Haag Dhr. E. Francis
COIV, directeur, Brussel Dhr. C. Van Heuckelom
Divisiecommissaris, Belgische federale politie, Brussel Dhr. A. Kilic
Judge and Director General, Ministry of Justice, General Directorate of International Law and Foreign Relations, Ankara
Mw. E. Özbilgin
Judge; General Directorate of International Law and Foreign Relations, Ankara Dhr. J. Rawlins
Head of Proceeds of Crime Unit, UK Crown Prosecution Service, London Dhr. D. Reeman
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Dhr. P. R. Nieto
National Court of Spain, Madrid Mw. A.Gallego
Ministry of justice, Madrid Dhr. G.O. Yarasli
Head of MASAK, Ministry of finance, Ankara Dhr. G. Balch
Crown Prosecution Service, Head of Central Confiscation Branch, London Dhr. B. Mejborn
General Secretariat, DG H Justice and Home Affairs, Section 3, Judicial cooperation, Brussel. ***
In het kader van het onderzoek zijn face-to-face interviews afgenomen met: Dhr. K. Plugge
Advocaat-Generaal ressortparket Den Haag Dhr. J. M. Alvarez Luna
Cuerpo Nacional de Policia, Madrid Dhr. E. Francis
COIV, directeur, Brussel Mw. L. Harris
Head of Civil Recovery Unit, Edinburgh Dhr. N. Geysen
COIV, DGJ/DGF/CDGEFID Dhr. C. Van Heuckelom
Divisiecommissaris, Belgische federale politie, Brussel Dhr. J. Tanner
155 Dhr. A. N. Coskun
Turkish Embassy, The Hague; former head of Masak, Ankara Dhr. C. Jacquier
Europol, Head of Financial Crime Unit, Serious Crime Department-SC4, The Hague Dhr. F. de France
Beleidsmedewerker BIRS, Directie ISAD, Ministerie van Justitie, Den Haag Mw. J. Thomas
Europol, Financial Crime Unit, Serious Crime Department-SC4, coordinator Criminal Assets Seizure Centre, The Hague
Dhr. R. J. Manschot
Eurojust, vice-president, and national member of The Netherlands Dhr. J. Huuskes
Coördinator financiële opsporing, politie Gelderland-midden; voormalig lid kernteam Noordoost Nederland.
Dhr. G. Venema
Inspecteur van politie, politieregio Gelderland-Midden Dhr. Ch. F.J. Wiegant
Officier van justitie, Arrondissementsparket ’s-Hertogenbosch, Teamleider Eindhoven / Peelland.
Dhr. R. van der Horst
Financieel rechercheur, politieregio Amsterdam-Amstelland Dhr. J. van Leijen
Officier van justitie, Arrondissementsparket Amsterdam Dhr. J. B. Develing
Officier van justitie, executieofficier BOOM Dhr. F. Vink
Hoofd bureau financieel onderzoek, politie Zaanstreek-Waterland Dhr. C. Caubo
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Dhr. H. Punt
civiel-juridisch adviseur BOOM, plaatsvervangend raadsheer gerechtshof Amsterdam Dhr. E. van der Steeg
Legal advisor international affairs (BOOM/BIRS) Mw. M. Timpers
Senior functioneel beheerder Luris, Centrale Justitiele Documentatie Dhr. E. Roelofs
Officier van justitie, Arrondissementsparket Utrecht Dhr. H. Mos
Officier van justitie, Landelijk parket, Rotterdam Dhr. H. van den Berg
Senior parketsecretaris, Landelijk parket, Rotterdam ***
Met de volgende personen zijn telefonische interviews gehouden: Mw. T. Warmerdam
IRC Haarlem Mw. Fort
Coördinator IRC Haarlem Mw. F. Huizen
FIOD ECD Mw. B. van Beek Politie Academie (PKN) Dhr. J. A. Alphen
Landelijk Parket (beleidsmedewerker Internationaal Team Internationale Taken & Expertise) EJN contactpunt
Dhr. W. Eelsing
157 Mw. F. Hartog
Rechter-Commissaris, Arrondissementsrechtbank Rotterdam Dhr. E. Verbert
Centrale autoriteit, Ministerie van Justitie, Brussel Dhr. G. Sta
Officier van Justitie, Landelijk Parket; voormalig directeur BOOM a.i. Dhr. A. Kaya
Gepensioneerd directeur-generaal, Ministerie van Justitie, Ankara Dhr. R. van Dalen
Liaison officer, Nederlandse ambassade in Spanje, Madrid Dhr. E. Timmers
Teamleider FIOD Haarlem ***
Aan de expertmeeting hebben de volgende personen deelgenomen: Dhr. W. Baas
Politie Haaglanden, Unit Randstad-Zuid, vestiging Den Haag Dhr. M. ter Brugge
BFO KMAR Dhr. R. Wertz
Nederlandse Politie Academie, coördinator recherchekunde, afstudeerrichting financiële recherchekunde, Apeldoorn
Dhr. T. Foliant FIOD-ECD / DNRI Dhr. G. van der Zon
Politie Haaglanden, Unit Randstad-Zuid, vestiging Den Haag ***
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Het verzamelen van cijfermateriaal met betrekking tot ontnemingszaken is actief ondersteund door de volgende personen:
Dhr. J.R. Pinas,
Beleidsmedewerker zware criminaliteit / CIE Utrecht Dhr. A. Erades
Arrondissementsparket Den Haag, beleidssecretaris horizontale fraude / ontnemingen, coordinator FMP West Nederland
Mw. M. ter Hart, Advocaat-Generaal
Dhr. P.J.M. van Domburg,
Senior beleidsmedewerker stafbureau nationale recherche Rotterdam Dhr. G. Wilbrink
Beleidsmedewerker openbaar ministerie Assen Mw. M. Ridderbeks
Officier van justitie, arrondissementsparket Alkmaar Dhr. M.A.P.J.J. Lousberg
Arrondissementsparket Almelo Dhr. J. Koenderink
Secretaris, arrondissementsparket Almelo Dhr. A. van Veen
Arrondissementsparket Arnhem Mw. I. Schepers
Officier van justitie, arrondissementsparket Arnhem Mw. I.C.A. Brouwer
Arrondissementsparket Breda Dhr. C.F.J. Wiegant
159 Dhr. A. de Ruiter
Parketsecretaris, arrondissementsparket ‘s-Hertogenbosch Dhr. G. Souër Arrondissementsparket Groningen Dhr. M.M. Egberts Arrondissementsparket Haarlem Mw. C. Ament Arrondissementsparket Maastricht Mw. V. Kuler
Beleidsmedewerker, arrondissementsparket Maastricht Dhr. R.C.P. Rammeloo
Arrondissementsparket Middelburg Dhr. R.J.P. Lambrichts
Arrondissementsparket Rotterdam Dhr. H. Jongman
Beleidsmedewerker, arrondissementsparket Zutphen Mw. E. Duijts
Arrondissementsparket Zwolle Dhr. D. Sarian
Arrondissementsparket Zwolle, vestiging Lelystad Dhr. W.S. de Boer
Senior parketsecretaris, arrondissementsparket Leeuwarden Mw. A.L. Lawick van Pabst-Hoekstra
Arrondissementsparket Dordrecht Dhr. R. de Roon
Ressortsparket Amsterdam Dhr. C. Goedegebuure Ressortsparket Amsterdam
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Dhr. A. de Mey
Juridisch coördinator, ressortsparket Arnhem Mw. I.M.A.M. Berben
Ressortsparket Arnhem Dhr. F. Roest
Functioneel parket Den Haag ***
De onderzoekers zijn genoemde personen veel dank verschuldigd voor hun bijdrage aan de totstandkoming van de onderzoeksresultaten.
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Bijlage 4
Enquête
Bij het verzamelen van gegevens over de uitvoeringspraktijk van ontnemingszaken in Turkije, België, het Verenigd Koninkrijk en Spanje is gebruik gemaakt van een vragenlijst. Die is ver-stuurd naar erkend deskundigen, werkzaam binnen justitie- en/of politiediensten in de vier landen. De complete vragenlijst is hieronder weergegeven.63
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Questionnaire
Researchers from IVA Institute for Policy Research and Consultancy (IVA), affiliated with Tilburg University, solicit your cooperation in a research project dealing with the state of affairs, the bottlenecks, and the consequences for the purpose of confiscating the proceeds of crime. This research project has focused especially on management and control, on the efficiency and transparency of the implementation practice, on experiences with and bottlenecks in the inter-national cooperation for the purpose of confiscating the proceeds of crime, and on the collection of reliable figures. By using the below questionnaire, the researchers wish to investigate
whether the bottlenecks that are evident in the Dutch implementation practice are also mani-festing themselves in other countries. The questionnaire is also intended to gain a clearer view of sound implementation practices used abroad. The research focuses in particular on collabo-ration with Belgium, the United Kingdom, Spain, and Turkey.
The questionnaire below deals with a range of aspects of international cooperation in confisca-tion cases. Your expertise may not extend to all of these aspects, which may prevent you from being able to answer all questions. If this is the case, the researchers would be most grateful if you would be so kind as to answer all the questions you are able to answer and to make
63 Uiteraard is de vragenlijst (met name onderdeel C) ten behoeve van het onderzoek specifiek toegespitst op elk van de vier landen.
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inquiries from colleagues or to mention names of individuals or authorities who would be able to supply additional information.
Answers to questions will be processed by the researchers into a written report, which will be presented to the Dutch Ministry of Justice. Naturally, the data you supply will be processed in the aggregate and anonymously. By way of thanks, the names of our sources will be acknow-ledged in the final report, unless you specify on the questionnaire that you would appreciate it if you were not mentioned.
Your cooperation in the publication of the final report is very valuable. The researchers would therefore like to thank you very much for the time and trouble you are prepared to take in completing this questionnaire.
163 Name:
Organisation: Position: Address:
o Yes, I would like to be acknowledged as a source in the final report o No, I would not like to be acknowledged as a source in the final report
You may complete this questionnaire in English, French, German, Spanish, Turkish, or Dutch. Please mail the completed questionnaire – as soon as possible – to j.a.moors@uvt.nl or send it by post to the Institute for Policy Research and Consultancy (IVA), attn. J.A. Moors, Postbus 90153, 5000 LE Tilburg, the Netherlands (Tel.: +31 / 13.466.84.58).
A Organisation and arrangement of the practice of confiscation
1 What is the legal framework for dealing with an incoming request for international legal assistance relating to confiscation of criminal proceeds in your country? (Please refer to or supply a copy of your source)
2 Within the legal framework in your country, what kinds of confiscation (such as object-based or value-object-based confiscation) are possible in the case of incoming requests relating to the enforcement of confiscation orders? In dealing with an incoming request for legal assistance, is there always a possibility of enforcing value based confiscation orders? 3 What – in your country – is the difference between a criminal case and a confiscation
case? Would this be considered one single case or will the confiscation order be taken in a separate procedure? Is it possible to proceed with a confiscation case before judgment has been given in a criminal case?
4 What is the procedure that will be followed in your country for an incoming request for international legal assistance relating to the confiscation of criminal proceeds?
Where and how does it come in? What authority registers it?
What legal authority is dealing with the request?
At which stage of the confiscation process (investigation, attachment/freezing/restraint, enforcement)?
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Which law enforcement authorities are dealing with the incoming requests? At which stage of the confiscation process (investigation,
attachment/freezing/restraint, enforcement)?
Will any use be made of the services or expertise of Europol or Eurojust? If so, what services or expertise?
5 What is the procedure that will be followed for an outgoing request from your country for international legal assistance relating to the confiscation of criminal proceeds?
What authority issues the request? What authority monitors its progress?
Will there be any contact with legal authorities? If so, which ones?
Will there be any contact with law enforcement authorities? If so, which ones? Will any use be made of the services or expertise of Europol? If so, what services or expertise?
Will any use be made of the services or expertise of Eurojust? If so, what services or expertise?
B Dealing with international cooperation in practice
1 In the case of an incoming request for international legal assistance relating to the
confiscation of illegally obtained profits or advantages, what possibilities are there – within the legal framework in your country – at the request of a foreign State, to supply possibili-ties for investigating/tracing the presence of presumable proceeds of crime – through the investigation of bank accounts and banking transactions, amongst other methods – and to freeze the assets concerned, whilst awaiting the outcome of a confiscation procedure? 2 What information sources can be used in your country to investigate the presence of the
presumable proceeds of crime?
3 What information is most frequently requested in international confiscation cases? 4 How do you organize legal assistance in the matters of identification, investigation,
freezing, seizure, and confiscation of assets?
What priority is commonly given to incoming international requests? What criteria do you use in prioritizing incoming international requests? Are these formal or informal criteria?
Are there any differences in the speed with which incoming requests from different countries are or can be dealt with?
What priority is commonly given to the settlement and processing of any possible additional requests for legal assistance within the scope of a confiscation case?
165 What criteria do you use here?
Are these formal or informal criteria?
Are there any differences in the speed with which additional requests for legal assistance are dealt with?
How do you inform the requesting country about progress or impediments in the course of the settlement of a request for legal assistance relating to a confiscation? Are such information reports part of a formal protocol? If so, what does this protocol look like? (please enclose, if possible)
Are there any differences between countries in the way in which you supply progress reports or the consistency with which you do so?
5 How often does it occur that incoming requests for legal assistance relating to confiscation do not provide sufficient information?
What kind of substantiation (rules or terms) is generally lacking?
Which countries most frequently submit a request that has been insufficiently concretely substantiated?
Does your country supply any specific information to guarantee efficient settling of requests for legal assistance? If so, what kind of information (please enclose, if possible)
6 Do you encourage direct contacts between the experts involved within the law enforcement services in your country and the requesting country?
7 What specific guidelines or agreements does your country use in distributing costs and benefits of completed confiscation procedures?
C Experiences in implementation practice
1 In your view, what are the main bottlenecks in international requests for legal assistance relating to confiscation cases?
at the investigation stage
at the attachment/freezing/restraint stage at the execution stage
2 In your view, what are the main causes for these bottlenecks arising?
Unfamiliarity of the requesting party with the prevailing legal framework in your country? If so, is this true for any countries in particular?
Unfamiliarity of the requesting party with the most effective ways of submitting a request? If so, is this true for any countries in particular?
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Differences in forms of confiscation (object based or value based)? Incongruence between national legislation and international treaties?
Insufficient concrete substantiation of requests for legal assistance relating to confiscation cases by the requesting party?
Capacity issues in the services involved in your country, affecting the timely consideration and adequate dispatch of the request?
Management and control by the requesting party? Management and control in your country?
Language barriers?
Personal interaction? If so, is this true for any countries in particular? The complexity involved in confiscation cases?
Cooperative relations between legal and law enforcement services in your country? Guidelines for asset-sharing or the lack of them?
3 In your view, how long have these bottlenecks already been acknowledged? 4 In your view, what are the major success factors in international requests for legal
assistance relating to confiscation cases? at the investigation stage
at the attachment stage at the execution stage
5 In your view, what can be done to reinforce the effect of these success factors? 6 What are your specific experiences with incoming international requests for legal
assistance relating to confiscation cases coming from: Turkey
Belgium
the United Kingdom Spain
the Netherlands?
In your view, what are the most prevalent bottlenecks (regarding each of the aforementioned countries)?
In your view, how long have these bottlenecks already been acknowledged?
7 How are these requests coming from Turkey, Belgium, the United Kingdom, Spain, or the Netherlands generally submitted?
Through diplomatic channels? Personal contact? Through legal channels? Personal contact?
167 8 What type of request (relating to the identification, investigation, freezing, seizure and
confiscation of assets) is commonly submitted by Turkey, Belgium, the United Kingdom, Spain, or the Netherlands?
Which forms of confiscation do Turkey, Belgium, the United Kingdom, Spain, or the Netherlands commonly request?
Have requests by Turkey, Belgium, the United Kingdom, Spain, or the Netherlands been sufficiently concretely substantiated?
9 What are your specific experiences with outgoing international requests for legal assistance relating to confiscation cases to
Turkey Belgium
the United Kingdom Spain
the Netherlands?
In your view, what are the most prevalent bottlenecks (regarding each of the aforementioned countries)?
In your view, how long have these bottlenecks already been acknowledged? 10 How are these requests coming from your country generally submitted in Turkey,
Belgium, the United Kingdom, Spain, or the Netherlands? Through diplomatic channels? Personal contact? Through legal channels? Personal contact?
Through law enforcement channels? Personal contact?
11 What type of request (relating to the identification, investigation, freezing, seizure and confiscation of assets) is commonly submitted by your country to:
Turkey Belgium
the United Kingdom Spain
the Netherlands
Which forms of confiscation do you commonly request from: Turkey
Belgium
the United Kingdom Spain
the Netherlands?
Do your requests to Turkey, Belgium, the United Kingdom, Spain, or the Netherlands generally appear to have been sufficiently concretely substantiated?
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Are there, from your point of view, any differences to be noticed between the aforementioned countries?
This is the end of the questionnaire. We are very grateful for your cooperation!
Please mail the completed questionnaire to j.a.moors@uvt.nl or send it by post to the Institute for Policy Research and Consultancy (IVA), attn. J.A. Moors, Postbus 90153, 5000 LE Tilburg, the Netherlands.
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