University of Groningen
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Smit, Nienke
DOI:
10.33612/diss.160498701
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Publication date:
2021
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Citation for published version (APA):
Smit, N. (2021). Get it together: exploring the dynamics of teacher-student interaction in English as a
foreign language lessons. University of Groningen. https://doi.org/10.33612/diss.160498701
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Get it together
Exploring the dynamics of teacher-student interaction in English as a foreign language lessons
The research reported in this dissertation has been carried out under the auspices of the Graduate School for the Humanities of the University of Groningen and the Graduate School of Behavioral and Social Sciences of the University of Groningen. The research was financially supported by the Department of Teacher Education at the University of Groningen.
Groningen Dissertations in Linguistics 198
Cover design: Marloes de Vries | www.marloesdevries.com Lay-out: David de Groot | www.persoonlijkproefschrift.nl Printing: Gildeprint | www.gildeprint.nl
© Copyright 2021, Nienke Smit
All rights reserved. No part of this thesis may be reproduced, storied in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written permission of the author.
Get it together
Exploring the dynamics of teacher-student interaction in
English as a foreign language lessons
PhD thesis
to obtain the degree of PhD at the
University of Groningen
on the authority of the
Rector Magnificus Prof. C. Wijmenga
and in accordance with
the decision by the College of Deans.
This thesis will be defended in public on
Thursday 25 March 2021 at 14.30 hours
by
Nienke Smit
born on 31 August 1980
Supervisors Prof. W.M. Lowie Prof. M.W.G. van Dijk Prof. C.L.J. de Bot
Assessment Committee Prof. M.C. Michel
Prof. M.L.L. Volman Prof. D. Larsen-Freeman
To mum
You can observe a lot by just watching Yogi Berra
6
Table of contents
List of abbreviations 9
Chapter
1 11
General introduction
1.1. The art of language teaching 12
1.2. The science of language teaching: language teaching methodology 14 1.3. English as a foreign language in the Dutch secondary educational context 23
1.4. Aims of the dissertation 25
CHAPTER 2 37
A classroom observation tool for scaffolding reading comprehension
2.1. Introduction 39
2.2. Literature review 40
2.3. The study 45
2.4. Results and discussion 54
2.5. Conclusion 60
CHAPTER 3 65
The complex dynamics of adaptive teaching: observing teacher-student interaction in the language classroom
3.1. Introduction 67
3.2 Literature review 68
3.3. Method 73
3.4. Results 78
3.5. Discussion and conclusion 84
7
CHAPTER 4 89
In the zone? Analyzing patterns of stability in teacher-student interaction
4.1. Introduction 91
4.2. Method 97
4.3. Data analysis 102
4.4. Results 104
4.5. Discussion and conclusion 117
CHAPTER 5: 121
The teacher’s turn: teachers’ perceptions of observed patterns of classroom interaction
5.1. Introduction 123
5.2. From observations of classroom interaction to perceptions of classroom
interaction 125
5.3 The present study 131
5.4. Method 132
5.5. Results 139
5.6. Discussion and conclusion 144
CHAPTER 6 149
Summary, discussion and general conclusion: between the ideal and reality of EFL teacher-student interaction
6.1. Introduction 150
6.2. Co-construction of meaning from a complex dynamic systems perspective 151 6.3. Teacher student interaction in the Dutch context 153
6.4. Summary of the main findings 154
8
References 172
Nederlandstalige samenvatting 184
Scientific summary 192
Appendix 201 Appendix 1 EFL reading comprehension observation protocol (ERCOP) 202 Appendix 2 Coding scheme teacher questions in English lessons (QAELT step 1) 204
Appendix 3 QAELT Flow chart 207
Appendix 4 Coding scheme teacher questions in English lessons (QAELT step 2) 208 Appendix 5 State Space Grids for lessons in Chapter 3 218 Appendix 6 Classroom observation procedure checklist 222 Appendix 7 Chi-Square analysis table for all lessons in Chapter 4 224 Appendix 8 Line charts showing zone transitions for all lessons from chapter 4 226
Appendix 9 Questionnaire The Teacher’s Turn 231
Dankwoord (Dutch) 234
Biography 240 Groningen dissertations in linguistics (Grodil) 242
9
List of abbreviations
ACTFL American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages CLT Communicative Language Teaching
CLIL Content and Language Integrated Learning D-Study Decision study
TBLT Task Based Language Teaching L1 First language / mother tongue L2 Second language
FL Foreign language
EFL English as a foreign language ELT English language teaching
ERCOP English Reading Comprehension Observation Protocol G-Study Generalizability Study
G-theory Generalizability theory SLA Second language acquisition CDST Complex Dynamic Systems Theory
QAELT Questions and Answers in English Language Teaching CEFR Common European Framework of Reference
HAVO Dutch higher general secondary education VWO Dutch pre-university education
