• No results found

Phylogenetic, taxonomic and biogeographical studies in the Pithophoraceae (Cladophorales, Chlorophyta) Boedeker, C.

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Share "Phylogenetic, taxonomic and biogeographical studies in the Pithophoraceae (Cladophorales, Chlorophyta) Boedeker, C."

Copied!
11
0
0

Bezig met laden.... (Bekijk nu de volledige tekst)

Hele tekst

(1)

Phylogenetic, taxonomic and biogeographical studies in the Pithophoraceae (Cladophorales, Chlorophyta)

Boedeker, C.

Citation

Boedeker, C. (2010, December 21). Phylogenetic, taxonomic and biogeographical studies in the Pithophoraceae (Cladophorales, Chlorophyta). Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/1887/16263

Version: Corrected Publisher’s Version

License: Licence agreement concerning inclusion of doctoral thesis in the Institutional Repository of the University of Leiden Downloaded from: https://hdl.handle.net/1887/16263

Note: To cite this publication please use the final published version (if applicable).

(2)



(WWLUKP_:3PZ[VMV\[NYV\W[H_HHUK[OLPYYLZWLJ[P]L.LU)HURHJJLZZPVUU\TILYZMVY[OL3:<HUK::<

Y+5(ZLX\LUJLZZLX\LUJLZNLULYH[LKPU[OPZZ[\K`HYLPUKJH[LKPUIVSK

V\[NYV\W[H_H .LU)HURHJJLZZPVUUVZ

 3:< ::<

;YLU[LWVOSPHZW -9  -9 

<S]HMHZJPH[H+LSPSL (1 () 

6RLSS`HJ\Y]H[H7YPU[a3LSPHLY[ 9\LULZZ -5 -5

*SHKVWOVYHJVLSV[OYP_2…[aPUN (4 (4 

(UHK`VTLULZ[LSSH[H>\SMLU*(NHYKO (1 (-

)VLYNLZLUPHMVYILZPP/HY]L`1-LSKTHUU (1 (-

*SHKVWOVYHHVRPP@HTHKH (4 (4 

:PWOVUVJSHK\Z[YVWPJ\Z7*YV\HU /*YV\HU1(NHYKO (1 (4 

)VVKSLHJVTWVZP[H/HY]L`)YHUK (1 (-

:[Y\]LHLSLNHUZ)¥YNLZLU (1 (-

+PJ[`VZWOHLYPHJH]LYUVZH-VYZZRrS)¥YNLZLU (1 (4 

=HSVUPHHLNHNYVWPSH*(NHYKO (1 (4 

=HSVUPVWZPZWHJO`ULTH.4HY[LUZ)¥YNLZLU (1 (4 

*SHKVWOVYHW`NTHLH9LPURL -4 -4

*SHKVWOVYHMLYLKH`P/HY]L` -4 -4

*SHKVWOVYHWLSS\JPKH/\KZVU2…[aPUN -4 A

*SHKVWOVYHYHKPVZH:\OY2…[aPUN -4 -4

*SHKVWOVYHHSIPKH5LLZ2…[aPUN (4 A

*SHKVWOVYH]HNHI\UKH3PUUHL\Z]HUKLU/VLR (1 ()

*SHKVWOVYHY\WLZ[YPZ3PUUHL\Z2…[aPUN (1 A

*OHL[VTVYWOHJYHZZH*(NHYKO2…[aPUN (1 ()

(3)



(4)



(WWLUKP_:

,MMLJ[ZVMTVKLSJOVPJLHUKTPZZPUNKH[HVU[YLL[VWVSVNPLZHUKZ\WWVY[

;OLº[LZ[»HSPNUTLU[^HZHZZLTISLK[V[LZ[MVY[OLLMMLJ[ZVM\ZPUNHJVTWSL_]ZH

ZPTWSLL]VS\[PVUHY`TVKLSIV[O^P[OHUK^P[OV\[V\[NYV\WHUKJVUZPZ[LKVM PUNYV\W

[H_HZLL;HISLPU*OHW[LY:PUJL[OLWO`SVNLUL[PJWVZP[PVUVM[OLLHYS`KP]LYNPUNJSHKL

JVUZPZ[PUNVM*SHKVWOVYHOVYPPHUK*JVUJOVWOLYPH^HZUV[Z[HISLPUWYLSPTPUHY`)0HUK

47HUHS`ZLZWLYMVYTLK^P[O[OLº[LZ[»HSPNUTLU[[OLLMMLJ[ZVM\ZPUNHJVTWSL_.;90.

KL[LYTPULKI`4VKLS[LZ[]ZHZPTWSL/2@TVKLSVMU\JSLV[PKLZ\IZ[P[\[PVUVU[OL[YLL

[VWVSVN`^HZL]HS\H[LKPU)0HUHS`ZLZIV[O^P[O-PNZ:( )HUK^P[OV\[6RLSS`H

J\Y]H[HHZV\[NYV\W-PNZ:* +0UIV[OJHZLZ[OL[YLLZYLZ\S[PUNMYVT[OLHUHS`ZPZ^P[O

[OLZPTWSL/2@TVKLS^LYLIL[[LYYLZVS]LKHUKOHKOPNOLYZ\WWVY[MVYZL]LYHSIYHUJOLZ

4HPUKPMMLYLUJLZPU[OL[VWVSVNPLZ\UKLY[OL[^VKPMMLYLU[TVKLSZ^LYL[OLWSHJLTLU[VM

*SHKVWOVYHOVYPPHUK*JVUJOVWOLYPH-PNZ:( )[OLTVUVWO`S`VM[OL)HZPJSHKPH

JSHKL-PNZ:( )* +HUK[OLV]LYHSSYLZVS\[PVU^P[OPU[OL(LNHNYVWPSH7P[OVWOVYH

JSHKL>OLUHUV\[NYV\W^HZ\ZLK[OLJSHKLJVUZPZ[PUNVM*OVYPPHUK*JVUJOVWOLYPH

NYV\WLK^P[OV\[Z\WWVY[^P[O[OL:PWOVUVJSHK\ZJSHKLHUK[OL*SHKVWOVYHJSHKL\UKLY

[OL .;90. TVKLS -PN :( <UKLY [OL /2@ TVKLS [OPZ JSHKL NYV\WLK ^P[O OPNO

Z\WWVY[ ^P[O [OL (LNHNYVWPSHJSHKL -PN : ) >P[OV\[ V\NYV\W [OPZ JSHKL NYV\WLK

^P[OOPNOZ\WWVY[^P[O[OL(LNHNYVWPSHJSHKL\UKLYIV[OTVKLSZ-PNZ:* +;OL

)HZPJSHKPHJSHKL^HZVUS`TVUVWO`SL[PJ^P[OOPNOZ\WWVY[^OLUHZPTWSLTVKLS/2@

^HZ\ZLKPUZ[LHKVMHTVYLJVTWSL_TVKLS.;90.[OH[^HZLZ[PTH[LK[VOH]L[OLILZ[

Ä[MVY[OLKH[HVYPU47HUHS`ZLZ<UKLYH.;90.TVKLS)VRHT\YHL^HZYLJV]LYLK

VUHWVS`[VT`47HUHS`ZPZPZJVUZPKLYKHZVULVM[OLSLHZ[YLSPHISLTL[OVKZLZWLJPHSS`PM

ZP[LZHYLUV[L]VS]PUNPUKLWLUKLU[S`HZPU[OLY95(NLULZZPUJLUVTVKLSVMU\JSLV[PKL

L]VS\[PVUPZLTWSV`LK:JO€UPNLY ]VU/HLZLSLY :PTPSHYS`VUS`\UKLY[OL/2@

TVKLS[OLYLSH[PVUZOPWZ^P[OPU[OL(LNHNYVWPSH7P[OVWOVYHJSHKL^LYLYLZVS]LK^OPSL[OL

[OYLLZ\IJSHKLZMVYTLKHWVS`[VT`\UKLYHJVTWSL_TVKLS)V[O^P[OHUK^P[OV\[\ZPUN

V\[NYV\W ZLX\LUJLZ [OL [YLLZ YLZ\S[PUN MYVT [OL HUHS`ZPZ ^P[O [OL ZPTWSL /2@ TVKLS

^LYLIL[[LYYLZVS]LKHUKOHKOPNOLYZ\WWVY[MVYZL]LYHSIYHUJOLZ/V^L]LYP[PZPUJVYYLJ[

[VYLNHYKIL[[LYYLZVS]LKVYIL[[LYZ\WWVY[LK[YLLZHZZ\WLYPVYZPUJL[OLYLPZUVHWYPVYP

RUV^SLKNLVM[OL[Y\LWO`SVNLU`HUKZ\WWVY[KVLZUV[ULJLZZHYPS`JVYYLSH[L^P[OHJJ\YHJ`

.VU[JOHYV]L[HS,TWSV`PUNZPTWSLTVKLSZVML]VS\[PVUMVYJVTWSL_KH[HZL[ZJHU

WVZZPIS`SLHK[V[OLYLJV]LY`VM^YVUN[VWVSVNPLZ7VZHKH *YHUKHSS6US`[OL

[YLLZVI[HPULK\UKLY[OLPUMLYYLKJVTWSL_TVKLSHYLZOV^UPU[OLTHPU[L_[7VZZPISL

L_WSHUH[PVUZMVY[OLMHPS\YL[V\ULX\P]VJHSS`LZ[HISPZO[OLWO`SVNLUL[PJWSHJLTLU[VM)

VRHT\YHL^P[OOPNOZ\WWVY[JV\SKILHOPNOLYWYVWVY[PVUVMOVTVWSHZPJJOHYHJ[LYZPU

)VRHT\YHLSVUNIYHUJOH[[YHJ[PVU.YHOHTL[HSVYPUZ\MÄJPLU[[H_VUZHTWSPUN

;OLº[LZ[»HSPNUTLU[^HZHSZV\ZLK[V[LZ[MVY[OLLMMLJ[ZVMTPZZPUNZLX\LUJLKH[HUV[

ZOV^U ;H_H ^P[O TPZZPUN 3:< ZLX\LUJLZ [^V [H_H! *SHKVWOVYH ZW º;H[L`HTH» HUK

(YUVSKPLSSHJVUJOVWOPSHHUK^P[OTPZZPUNWHY[PHS::<ZLX\LUJLZVUL[H_VU!*SHKVWOVYH

Z[LYYVJSHKPH ^LYL L_JS\KLK MYVT [OPZ HSPNUTLU[ HUK ^L Z\IZLX\LU[S` JVTWHYLK [OL

YLZ\S[PUN [YLL [VWVSVNPLZ MYVT )0 HUHS`ZLZ UV[ ZOV^U ,_JS\KPUN [OL [OYLL [H_H ^P[O

TPZZPUNZLX\LUJLKH[HOHKUVLMMLJ[VU[OL[YLL[VWVSVN`;OLTVKLSJOVPJL.;90.]Z

/2@OHK[OLZHTLLMMLJ[ZVUKH[HZL[Z^P[OV\[TPZZPUNKH[HHZV\[SPULKHIV]L

(5)



-PN : *VTWHYPZVU VM TVKLS WLYMVYTHUJL .;90. ]Z /2@ \ZLK PU )H`LZPHU 0UMLYLUJL HUHS`ZPUN [OL

JVTIPULK::<F3:<KH[HZL[(!3:<F::<KH[HZL[^P[OV\[NYV\W\UKLYH.;90.TVKLS)!::<F3:<KH[HZL[

^P[OV\[NYV\W\UKLYH/2@TVKLS*!::<F3:<KH[HZL[^P[OV\[V\[NYV\W\UKLYH.;90.TVKLS+!::<F 3:<KH[HZL[^P[OV\[V\[NYV\W\UKLYH/2@TVKLS;OPJRIYHUJOLZPUKPJH[LWVZ[LYPVYWYVIHIPSP[PLZ% 

(6)



(WWLUKP_:

4VSLJ\SHYJSVJRHUKTPKWVPU[YVV[PUNVM[OLPUNYV\W

0U HKKP[PVU [V YVV[PUN ^P[O [OL [OYLL V\[NYV\W[H_H [OL WVZP[PVU VM [OL YVV[ ^HZ

KL[LYTPULKMVY[OLºPUNYV\W»KH[HZL[ZLL;HISLPU*OHW[LYI`TVSLJ\SHYJSVJRYVV[PUN

\ZPUN),(:;]9HTIH\[ +Y\TTVUKIHUKI`TPKWVPU[YVV[PUNVM[OL)0

HUK43[YLLZ-PN:;OLTVSLJ\SHYJSVJRHUHS`ZPZH\[VTH[PJHSS`YVV[Z[OL[YLLHSVUNP[Z

VSKLZ[IYHUJO;OLSPRLSPOVVKYH[PV[LZ[ZVM[OL3:<HUK::<HSPNUTLU[ZZLWHYH[LS`HUK

JVTIPULKYLQLJ[LKYH[LJVUZ[HUJ`PUHSSJHZLZ/V^L]LYTVSLJ\SHYJSVJRYVV[PUNPZYVI\Z[

[VTVKLYH[LKLNYLLZVMYH[LOL[LYVNLULP[`/\LSZLUILJRL[HSZVP[PZZ[PSSWVZZPISL

[V HJJ\YH[LS` YVV[ [YLLZ ^P[O H YLSH_LK TVSLJ\SHY JSVJR ^OLU SVJHS JSVJR KL]PH[PVUZ

L_PZ[;OLKH[HZL[^HZHUHS`ZLK\UKLYIV[OHYLSH_LK+Y\TTVUKL[HSHUKHZ[YPJ[

TVSLJ\SHYJSVJRHZZ\TW[PVUU),(:;-VYHSSHUHS`ZLZ[^VPUKLWLUKLU[Y\UZVM_ NLULYH[PVUZ^P[OHÄ_LKTLHUZ\IZ[P[\[PVUYH[LKLMH\S[WYPVYZHUKH@\SLTVKLSHZ[OL[YLL

WYPVY ^LYL WLYMVYTLK H[ [OL )PV/7* JS\Z[LY O[[W!JIZ\HWWZ[JJVYULSSLK\ILHZ[HZW_

^OPJO^LYLZ\IZLX\LU[S`JVTIPULK^P[O3VN*VTIPULYWHY[VM[OL),(:;WHJRHNL(

SVNUVYTHSYLSH_LKJSVJR^HZ\[PSPaLK;YLLZ^LYLZHTWSLKL]LY`NLULYH[PVUZHUKH

I\YUPUVM[YLLZ^HZYLTV]LKILMVYLNLULYH[PUNJVUZLUZ\Z[YLLZ^P[O;YLL(UUV[H[VY

WHY[VM[OL),(:;WHJRHNL;OLSVNÄSLZ^LYLJOLJRLK^P[O[OLWYVNYHT;YHJLY

;OL[YLLZJVUZ[YHPULK^P[OHZ[YPJ[HUKHYLSH_LKTVSLJ\SHYJSVJR-PNZ:( )

YLZWLJ[P]LS`IV[OZOV^[OLZHTLYVV[WVZP[PVUHZ[OLV\[NYV\WYVV[PUNYLZ\S[Z-PNPU

*OHW[LYZLWHYH[PUN[OL(LNHNYVWPSHJSHKLHZHTVUVWO`SL[PJJSHKLPUJS\KPUN[OLOVYPP

JSHKL ^P[O OPNO Z\WWVY[ MYVT [OL ZPZ[LY NYV\WZ :PWOVUVJSHK\ZJSHKL HUK *SHKVWOVYH

JSHKL(KKP[PVUHSTPKWVPU[YVV[PUNWLYMVYTLKVU)0HUK43[YLLZVM[OLºPUNYV\W»KH[HZL[

-PNZ : *  + YLZWLJ[P]LS` ZOV^LK [OL ZHTL YVV[ WVZP[PVU HZ YL]LHSLK I` V\[NYV\W

YVV[PUNHUKTVSLJ\SHYJSVJRYVV[PUN

(7)





-PN:!0UNYV\WFVUS`HUHS`ZPZVM[OL::<F3:<KH[HZL[\UKLYKPMMLYLU[WO`SVNLUL[PJPUMLYLUJLTL[OVKZHSS^P[O

.;90. HZ Z\IZ[P[\[PVU TVKLS 4VSLJ\SHY JSVJR YVV[PUN ^HZ WLYMVYTLK PU ),(:; \UKLY H Z[YPJ[ ( HUK H

YLSH_LK)TVSLJ\SHYJSVJRHSNVYP[OT;OL)H`LZPHU[YLL*HUK[OL4H_PT\T3PRLSPOVVK[YLL+^LYLYVV[LK

\ZPUN TPKWVPU[ ;H_H VM [OL *SHKVWOVYHJSHKL HUK [OL :PWOVUVJSHK\ZJSHKL HYL PUJS\KLK [V L]HS\H[L YVV[

WSHJLTLU[;OPJRIYHUJOLZPUKPJH[LWVZ[LYPVYWYVIHIPSP[PLZ% PU(*^OPSLPU+TLKP\T[OPJRULZZIYHUJOLZ

YLÅLJ[IVV[Z[YHW]HS\LZV]LYHUK[OPJRIYHUJOLZYLÅLJ[IVV[Z[YHW]HS\LZV]LY YLWSPJH[LZ

(8)



(WWLUKP_:

3PZ[VMHSSUVTLUJSH[VYPHSHUK[H_VUVTPJJOHUNLZWYVWVZLKPU[OPZ[OLZPZ

5VTLUJSH[VYPHS[H_VUVTPJJOHUNLZWYVWVZLKPU[OPZ[OLZPZHYL\UKLYSPULK

5L^KLZJYPW[PVUZUL^JVTIPUH[PVUZUL^Z`UVU`TPaH[PVUZ (LNHNYVWPSVWZPZ)VLKLRLYNLUUV]

;`WLZWLJPLZ!(LNHNYVWPSVWZPZZ[LYYVJSHKPH:R\QH)VLKLRLYJVTIUV]*SHKVWOVYH

Z[LYYVJSHKPH:R\QH  !  

(LNHNYVWPSVWZPZJSH]\SPNLYH.Y\UV^)VLKLRLYJVTIUV]

/VSV[`WL!*L`SVU:YP3HURH,_WLKP[PVU5V]HYHJVSSLJ[VY.]VU-YH\LUMLSK>

VUZOLSSVMMYLZO^H[LYNHZ[YVWVK

)HZPVU`T!*SHKVWOVYHJSH]\SPNLYH.Y\UV^!

(LNHNYVWPSVWZPZZ[LYYVJSHKPH:R\QH)VLKLRLYJVTIUV]

/VSV[`WL!VYPNPUHSZWLJPTLUJVSSLJ[LKI`/:R\QH)\YTH4`HUTHYVUZOLSSVM

MYLZO^H[LYNHZ[YVWVKSVZ[\ZLK[VILPU90.[O\Z[OLVYPNPUHSKYH^PUNZYLWYLZLU[[OL

OVSV[`WLTH[LYPHS:R\QH  !7SH[L???=00

,WP[`WL!WVUKPU[YVWPJHSOV[OV\ZL/VY[\Z)V[HUPJ\Z3LPKLU;OL5L[OLYSHUKZJVSSLJ[VY

*)VLKLRLYZHTWSL. (WYPSH[[HJOLKVUTHUNYV]LWUL\TH[VWOVYLZ

Z\ITLYNLK33 

)HZPVU`T!*SHKVWOVYHZ[LYYVJSHKPH:R\QH  !  

(YUVSKPLSSH=4PSSLYLTLUK)VLKLRLY

;`WLZWLJPLZ!(YUVSKPLSSHJVUJOVWOPSH=4PSSLY !

(YUVSKPLSSHJOLSVU\T*VSSPUZ)VLKLRLYJVTIUV]

/VSV[`WL!>HSU\[3HRL4PJOPNHU<:(JVSSLJ[VY;3/HURPUZVUVU[\Y[SLJHYHWHJLZ

5@

)HZPVU`T!*OHL[VTVYWOHJOLSVU\T*VSSPUZ ! 

:`UVU`T!)HZPJSHKPHJOLSVU\T*VSSPUZ/VMMTHUU ;PSKLU !

(YUVSKPLSSHJVUJOVWOPSH=4PSSLY

/VSV[`WL!VYPNPUHSZWLJPTLUJVSSLJ[LKI`=4PSSLY3HRL7LYLZSH]S=SHKPTPYKPZ[YPJ[

9\ZZPH VUZOLSSVMMYLZO^H[LYIP]HS]L\U[YHJLHISL[O\Z[OLVYPNPUHSKYH^PUNZ

YLWYLZLU[[OLOVSV[`WLTH[LYPHS4PSSLY !-PNZ

(YUVSKPLSSHRVZ[LYHL]HUKLU/VLR)VLKLRLYJVTIUV]

/VSV[`WL!1HYKPUKLZ7SHU[LZ7HYPZ-YHUJLJVSSLJ[VY*]HUKLU/VLR(WYPS 3

3

(9)



)HZPVU`T!*SHKVWOVYHRVZ[LYHL]HUKLU/VLR !

:`UVU`T!)HZPJSHKPHRVZ[LYHL]HUKLU/VLR.HYIHY`!  (YUVSKPLSSHVRHT\YHL:<LKH)VLKLRLYJVTIUV]

/VSV[`WL!:OPYHOHTH;VR`V1HWHUJVSSLJ[VY:<LKH;VR`V<UP]LYZP[`VM4HYPUL

:JPLUJLHUK;LJOUVSVN`

)HZPVU`T!*OHL[VTVYWOHVRHT\YHL:<LKH !

:`UVU`TZ!*SHKVWOVYHVRHT\YHL:<LKH]HUKLU/VLR ! 

  )HZPJSHKPHVRHT\YHL:<LKH.HYIHY`!  (YUVSKPLSSHYHT\SVZH+\JRLY)VLKLRLYJVTIUV]

/VSV[`WL!:[YH[MVYK=PJ[VYPH(\Z[YHSPHJVSSLJ[VY:*+\JRLY+LJLTILY VU

JHYHWHJLVM[\Y[SL4,30ZV[`WLZPU)4 4,3<

)HZPVU`T!)HZPJSHKPHYHT\SVZH+\JRLY !

7P[OVWOVYH>P[[YVJR

;`WLZWLJPLZ!7P[OVWOVYHYVL[[SLYP9V[O>P[[YVJR7P[OVWOVYHRL^LUZPZ>P[[YVJR!



3LJ[VNLULYP[`WL!7P[OVWOVYHRL^LUZPZ>P[[YVJR[YVWPJHSHX\HYP\Tº>H[LYSPS`OV\ZL»

2L^.HYKLUZ)YP[HPUJVSSLJ[VY=)>P[[YVJR(\N\Z[3UV  0ZV[`WLZ

PU)43<7: :

7P[OVWOVYHYVL[[SLYP9V[O>P[[YVJR

/VSV[`WL!;YHUX\LIHYLHZ[LYU0UKPHJVSSLJ[VY2SLPU1HU\HY` 3UV 

0ZV[`WLPU<7:

)HZPVU`T!*LYHTP\TYVL[[SLYP9V[O!

:`UVU`TZ!HSSKLZJYPILKZWLJPLZVM7P[OVWOVYHPUJS\KPUNHSSPU[YHZWLJPÄJ[H_H7

HLX\HSPZ>P[[YVJR7HMÄUPZ5VYKZ[LK[7JOPULUZPZ:R^VYaV^7JSH]PMLYH:JOTPKSL7

JSL]LHUH>P[[YVJR7RL^LUZPZ>P[[YVJR7THJYVZWVYH)YHUK7TPJYVZWVYH>P[[YVJR

7TVVYLHUH*VSSPUZ7VLKVNVUPH4VU[HNUL>P[[YVJR7WHJO`KLYTH:JOTPKSL7

WYHNLUZPZ:\SH7WVS`TVYWOH>P[[YVJR7YHKPHUZ> >:>LZ[7YLPULJRP:JOTPKSL

7Z\TH[YHUH4HY[LUZ>P[[YVJR7]HYPH>PSSL7]HYPHIPSPZ:JOTPKSL7aLSSLYP4HY[LUZ

>P[[YVJR

7ZL\KVJSHKVWOVYH)VLKLRLYNLUUV]

;`WLZWLJPLZ!7ZL\KVJSHKVWOVYHJVUJOVWOLYPH:HRHP)VLKLRLYJVTIUV]*SHKVWOVYH

JVUJOVWOLYPH:HRHP !

7ZL\KVJSHKVWOVYHJVUJOVWOLYPH:HRHP)VLKLRLYJVTIUV]

/VSV[`WL!5HNHOHTHULHY4HPa\Y\2`V[V7YLMLJ[\YL1HWHUJVSSLJ[VY0<TLaHRP4H`

  :(7:(7 VUZOLSSVM[OLTHYPULNHZ[YVWVK3\ULSSHJVYVUH[H.TLSPU

)HZPVU`T!*SHKVWOVYHJVUJOVWOLYPH:HRHP !

7ZL\KVJSHKVWOVYHOVYPP]HUKLU/VLR *OPOHYH)VLKLRLYJVTIUV]

/VSV[`WL!:LZVRV0ZSHUK6RPUH^H1HWHUJVSSLJ[VYZ:2HT\YH*]HUKLU/VLR ;

/VYP(WYPS ;5:;5:(3 

)HZPVU`T!*SHKVWOVYHOVYPP]HUKLU/VLR *OPOHYH!

(10)



>P[[YVJRPLSSH>PSSL

;`WLZWLJPLZ!>P[[YVJRPLSSHHTWOPIPH*VSSPUZ)VLKLRLY /HUZLU>P[[YVJRPLSSH

WHYHKV_H>PSSL  !

.LULYP[`WL!VYPNPUHSZWLJPTLUJVSSLJ[LKPU I`5>PSSL3`UN¥Y5VY^H`

\U[YHJLHISL[O\Z[OLVYPNPUHSKYH^PUNZYLWYLZLU[[OLOVSV[`WLTH[LYPHS>PSSL  !

7SH[LZ?0?0=

,WP[`WL!3`UN¥YZV\[OLHZ[LYU5VY^H`JVSSLJ[VY)3`UNL1HU\HY`  KL[5>PSSL6

ZP_PZVLWP[`WLZ

>P[[YVJRPLSSHHTWOPIPH*VSSPUZ)VLKLRLYL[/HUZLUJVTIUV]

0ZV[`WLZ!(SHTLKH:HU-YHUJPZJV)H`*HSPMVYUPH<:(3LN>1=6Z[LYOV\[HUK

53.HYKULY:LW[LTILY PU3]V\JOLYU\TILYZ3HUK3  3

KPZ[YPI\[LKHZ,_ZPJJH[HL7O`JV[OLJH)VYLHSP(TLYPJHUH7)(5V*VSSPUZL[HS

 (KKP[PVUHSPZV[`WLZKPZ[YPI\[LKHZ5VVM[OL7)([V(/-/)4-/7*

;9/<*HUK>0:HTVUNV[OLYZ>LZLSLJ[[OLZWLJPTLU3HZ[OLSLJ[V[`WL

)HZPVU`T!*SHKVWOVYHHTWOPIPH*VSSPUZ !

:`UVU`T!>P[[YVJRPLSSHWHYHKV_H>PSSL  !

>P[[YVJRPLSSHJHSJPJVSH-YP[ZJO)VLKLRLYJVTIUV]

/VSV[`WL!VYPNPUHSZWLJPTLUJVSSLJ[LKI`-,-YP[ZJO[YVWPJHSOV[OV\ZL*HTIYPKNL

)V[HUPJHS.HYKLU)YP[HPU VUTVPZ[SPTLZ[VULSVZ[VYKLZ[YV`LK\ZLK[VILPU

)4[O\Z[OLVYPNPUHSKYH^PUNZYLWYLZLU[[OLOVSV[`WLTH[LYPHS-YP[ZJO !-PNZ(0

(.(*(.

,WP[`WL!3HNVHKLÔIPKVZ7VY[\NHSJVSSLJ[VY63V\YLUsVZHTWSLUV2 "(*60

J\S[\YLJVSSLJ[PVU  33  

)HZPVU`T!*SHKVWOVYLSSHJHSJPJVSH-YP[ZJO !

>P[[YVJRPLSSHS`HSSPP/HY]L`*/VLR+\JRLY >VTLYZSL` !

/VSV[`WL!:[L^HY[0ZSHUK5L^ALHSHUKJVSSLJ[VY+3`HSS;*+PZVSLJ[V[`WLZPU)4

)HZPVU`T!*SHKVWOVYHS`HSSPP/HY]L`!

:`UVU`TZ!:PWOVUVJSHK\ZIYHJO`HY[Y\Z:]LKLSP\Z !*SHKVWOVYVWZPZIYHJO`HY[YH

:]LKLSP\Z>PSSL !*SHKVWOVYVWZPZS`HSSPP/HY]L`=1*OHWTHU !

+V\I[M\SLYYVULV\ZHUKL_JS\KLKUHTLZ

9LM\ZLKZ`UVU`TZVM(LNHNYVWPSHSPUUHLP2…[aPUN*OHW[LY(WWLUKP_:

*SHKVWOVYHHLNHNYVWPSH]HY[OLYTHSPZ>VSSL

%KLZJYPW[PVUZ\NNLZ[ZKPMMLYLU[HMÄUP[`*SHKVWOVYHZW

*SHKVWOVYHZ[LYYVJSHKPH:R\QH  

%Z`UVU`TP[`OHKILLUWYVWVZLKI`3P\ 

*SHKVWOVYH`\LUUHULUZPZ:R\QH 

 %Z`UVU`TP[`OHKILLUWYVWVZLKI`]HUKLU/VLR 

*SHKVWOVYHZOLUZPLUZPZ1HV 

%Z`UVU`TP[`OHKILLUWYVWVZLKI`3P\ 

*SHKVWOVYHNSVTLYH[H]HYUHUH>HUN 

%Z`UVU`TP[`OHKILLUWYVWVZLKI`3P\ 

*SHKVWOVYHWHY]\SH4€IP\Z 

(11)



%Z`UVU`TP[`OHKILLUJVUZPKLYLKI`:RPUULY ,U[^PZSL

*SHKVWOVYHK\ZLUPP)YHUK 

%WVZZPISLZ`UVU`TP[`OHKILLUKPZJ\ZZLKI`)YHUK 

Referenties

GERELATEERDE DOCUMENTEN

License: Licence agreement concerning inclusion of doctoral thesis in the Institutional Repository of the University of Leiden Downloaded from: https://hdl.handle.net/1887/16263.

License: Licence agreement concerning inclusion of doctoral thesis in the Institutional Repository of the University of Leiden Downloaded from: https://hdl.handle.net/1887/16263.

License: Licence agreement concerning inclusion of doctoral thesis in the Institutional Repository of the University of Leiden Downloaded from: https://hdl.handle.net/1887/16263.

License: Licence agreement concerning inclusion of doctoral thesis in the Institutional Repository of the University of Leiden Downloaded from: https://hdl.handle.net/1887/16263.

License: Licence agreement concerning inclusion of doctoral thesis in the Institutional Repository of the University of Leiden Downloaded from: https://hdl.handle.net/1887/16263.

Several taxa of the Pithophoraceae are promising candidates to test the concept of stenoevolution, which had been proposed for several bryophytes (Frey et al. 1999), since they have

Peripheral blood cells were stained with HLA-A2.1 tetramers containing the tyrosinase368–376 peptide followed by staining with a panel of lineage antibodies, as described in

Blades and blade fragments seem to have been especially used for longitudinal motions, mainly on plant material (7/12). Flake and flake fragments are used in different motions on