• No results found

Public support for Vigilantism Haas, N.E.

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Share "Public support for Vigilantism Haas, N.E."

Copied!
12
0
0

Bezig met laden.... (Bekijk nu de volledige tekst)

Hele tekst

(1)

Citation

Haas, N. E. (2010, November 23). Public support for Vigilantism.

Netherlands Institute for the Study of Crime and Law Enforcement (NSCR), Leiden. Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/1887/16171

Version: Not Applicable (or Unknown)

License: Licence agreement concerning inclusion of doctoral thesis in the Institutional Repository of the University of Leiden

Downloaded from: https://hdl.handle.net/1887/16171

Note: To cite this publication please use the final published version (if applicable).

(2)
(3)



5HIHUHQFHV

$EUDKDPV5  9LJLODQWLVPVWDWHMXULVGLFWLRQDQGFRPPXQLW\PRUDOLW\&RQWURO

RI  FULPH DQG ¶XQGHVLUDEOH· EHKDYLRXU ZKHQ WKH VWDWH ¶IDLOV· ,Q , 3DUGR (G 

0RUDOVRI OHJLWLPDF\%HWZHHQDJHQF\DQGV\VWHP SS 1HZ<RUN%HUJKDKQ

%RRNV

$EUDKDPV5  6RPHWKRXJKWVRQWKHFRPSDUDWLYHVWXG\RI YLJLODQWLVP,Q'

3UDWWHQ  $ 6HQ (GV  *OREDO YLJLODQWHV SS   1HZ <RUN &RORPELD

8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV

$GLQNUDK0  9LJLODQWHKRPLFLGHVLQFRQWHPSRUDU\*KDQD-RXUQDORI &ULPLQDO

-XVWLFH

$OOHQ -   :RUU\ DERXW FULPH LQ (QJODQG DQG :DOHV ÀQGLQJV IURP WKH  DQG

%ULWLVK&ULPH6XUYH\/RQGRQ+RPH2IÀFH

$OOHQ-(GPRQGV63DWWHUVRQ$ 6PLWK'  3ROLFLQJDQGWKHFULPLQDOMXVWLFH

V\VWHP²SXEOLFFRQÀGHQFHDQGSHUFHSWLRQVÀQGLQJVIURPWKH%ULWLVK&ULPH6XUYH\

2QOLQHUHSRUW /RQGRQ+RPH2IÀFH

$OWKRII0  +HWUHFKWRSVWUDDW(LJHQULFKWLQJHQEXUJHUOLMNHUHFKWVKDQGKDYLQJ

,Q-1LMERHU (G =RHNOLFKWRSJHZHOG6RFLDOHFRQÁLFWHQLQKHWSXEOLHNHGRPHLQ SS

 'HQ+DDJ%RRP-XULGLVFKHXLWJHYHUV

$OYDUH]$ %DFKPDQ5  0REYLROHQFH9LROHQFH7KHHQGXULQJSUREOHP SS

 1HZEXU\3DUN&DOLIRUQLD6DJH3XEOLFDWLRQV,QF

$\\LOGL](  :KHQEDWWHUHGZRPDQ·VV\QGURPHGRHVQRWJRIDUHQRXJK7KH

EDWWHUHGZRPDQDVYLJLODQWH-RXUQDORI *HQGHUDQGWKH/DZ  

%DNHU %   7DNLQJ WKH ODZ LQWR WKHLU RZQ KDQGV ÀJKWLQJ FULPH LQ 6RXWK $IULFD 3DSHU

SUHVHQWHGDWWKH(&35*UHQREOH

%qJXH/ %DVWRXQLV0  7ZRVSKHUHVRI EHOLHI LQMXVWLFH([WHQVLYHVXSSRUW

IRUWKHELGLPHQVLRQDOPRGHORI EHOLHI LQDMXVWZRUOG-RXUQDORI 3HUVRQDOLW\  



%HQHVK6&  8QGHUVWDQGLQJSXEOLFFRQÀGHQFHLQ$PHULFDQFRXUWV7KH-RXUQDO

RI 3ROLWLFV  

%HQHVK6& +RZHOO6(  &RQÀGHQFHLQWKHFRXUWV$FRPSDULVRQRI XVHUV

DQGQRQXVHUV%HKDYLRUDO6FLHQFHVDQGWKH/DZ

%HQQHW$.  -XVWZRUOGMXURUV7KH-XU\([SHUW

%HUQKDUGEHWDDOWERHWH$+PHGHZHUNHU -DQXDU\ 9RONVNUDQW

%ODFN'  &ULPHDVVRFLDOFRQWURO$PHULFDQ6RFLRORJLFDO5HYLHZ  

%ODFN'  7KHVRFLDOVWUXFWXUHRI ULJKWDQGZURQJ UHYLVHGHG 6DQ'LHJR$FDGHPLF

3UHVV

%UDGIRUG %  -DFNVRQ -   3XEOLF WUXVW LQ FULPLQDO MXVWLFH $ UHYLHZ RI  WKH

UHVHDUFK OLWHUDWXUH LQ WKH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV ,Q $ -RNLQHQ  ( 5XXVNDQHQ  0

<RUGDQRYD '0DUNRY 0,OFKHYD (GV -867,6SURMHFWZRUNLQJSDSHUVUHYLHZ

RI QHHG,QGLFDWRUVRI SXEOLFFRQÀGHQFHLQFULPLQDOMXVWLFHIRUSROLF\DVVHVVPHQW SS 

+HOVLQNL+HXQL

(4)



%UDGIRUG % -DFNVRQ - +RXJK 0  )DUUDOO 6   7UXVW DQG FRQÀGHQFH LQ

FULPLQDOMXVWLFH$UHYLHZRI WKH%ULWLVKUHVHDUFKOLWHUDWXUH,Q$-RNLQHQ (

5XXVNDQHQ 0<RUGDQRYD '0DUNRY 0,OFKHYD (GV -867,6SURMHFW

ZRUNLQJSDSHUVUHYLHZRI QHHG,QGLFDWRUVRI SXEOLFFRQÀGHQFHLQFULPLQDOMXVWLFHIRUSROLF\

DVVHVVPHQW SS +HOVLQNL+HXQL

%UDGIRUG%-DFNVRQ- 6WDQNR($  &RQWDFWDQGFRQÀGHQFH5HYLVLWLQJWKH

LPSDFWRI SXEOLFHQFRXQWHUVZLWKWKHSROLFH3ROLFLQJDQG6RFLHW\

%ULFHxR/pRQ5&DPDUGLHO$ $YLOD2  $WWLWXGHVWRZDUGWKHULJKWWRNLOO

LQ/DWLQ$PHULFDQFXOWXUH-RXUQDORI &RQWHPSRUDU\&ULPLQDO-XVWLFH  

%URZQ50  6WUDLQRI YLROHQFH+LVWRULFDOVWXGLHVRI $PHULFDQYLROHQFHDQGYLJLODQWLVP

1HZ<RUN2[IRUG8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV

%XUURZV:(  9LJLODQWH1HZ<RUN+DUFRXUW%UDFH-RYDQRYLFK

&DOGHLUD*$ *LEVRQ-/  7KHOHJLWLPDF\RI WKHFRXUWRI MXVWLFHLQWKH

(XURSHDQ8QLRQPRGHOVRI LQVWLWXWLRQDOVXSSRUW$PHULFDQ3ROLWLFDO6FLHQFH5HYLHZ

  

&DUOVPLWK .0  2Q MXVWLI\LQJSXQLVKPHQW7KHGLVFUHSDQF\EHWZHHQZRUGV

DQGDFWLRQV6RFLDO-XVWLFH5HVHDUFK

&DUOVPLWK . 0 'DUOH\ - 0  5RELQVRQ 3 +   :K\ GR ZH SXQLVK"

'HWHUUHQFHDQGMXVWGHVHUWVDVPRWLYHVIRUSXQLVKPHQW-RXUQDORI 3HUVRQDOLW\DQG

6RFLDO3V\FKRORJ\  

&DUUROO-63HUNRZLW]:7/XULJLR$- :HDYHU)0  6HQWHQFLQJJRDOV

FDXVDO DWWULEXWLRQV LGHRORJ\ DQG SHUVRQDOLW\ -RXUQDO RI  3HUVRQDOLW\ DQG 6RFLDO

3V\FKRORJ\  

&RIIHH-&  'RHV´XQODZIXOµPHDQ´FULPLQDOµ"5HÁHFWLRQVRQWKHGLVDSSHDULQJ

WRUWFULPHGLVWLQFWLRQLQ$PHULFDQODZ%RVWRQ8QLYHUVLW\/DZ5HYLHZ

&RKHQ 5 /   7KH OHJLWLPDF\ RI  YLJLODQWHLVP %ULJKDP <RXQJ 8QLYHUVLW\ /DZ

5HYLHZ  

&RRN$  ,QGLYLGXDOYVV\VWHPDWLFMXVWLFHXVLQJWUXVWDQGPRUDORXWUDJHWRSUHGLFWUHDFWLRQV

WRYLJLODQWHPXUGHU8QLYHUVLW\RI 0LVVRXUL&ROXPELD

&RRQH\ 0   )URP ZDUUH WR W\UDQQ\ /HWKDO FRQÁLFW DQG WKH VWDWH $PHULFDQ

6RFLRORJLFDO5HYLHZ  

&RUUHLD, 9DOD-  :KHQZLOODYLFWLPEHVHFRQGDULO\YLFWLPL]HG"7KHHIIHFWRI  REVHUYHUVEHOLHI LQDMXVWZRUOGYLFWLP·VLQQRFHQFHDQGSHUVLVWHQFHRI VXIIHULQJ

6RFLDO-XVWLFH5HVHDUFK  

&RUUHLD,9DOD- $JXLDU3  7KHHIIHFWVRI EHOLHI LQDMXVWZRUOGDQGYLFWLP·V

LQQRFHQFHRQVHFRQGDU\YLFWLPL]DWLRQMXGJHPHQWVRI MXVWLFHDQGGHVHUYLQJQHVV

6RFLDO-XVWLFH5HVHDUFK  

&RUUHLD,9DOD- $JXLDU3  9LFWLP·VLQQRFHQFHVRFLDOFDWHJRUL]DWLRQDQG

WKHWKUHDWWRWKHEHOLHI LQDMXVWZRUOG-RXUQDORI ([SHULPHQWDO6RFLDO3V\FKRORJ\



&RUVWHQV*-0  +HW1HGHUODQGVHVWUDISURFHVUHFKW HGUXNHG 'HYHQWHU.OXZHU

(5)



&XOOHQ)7)LVKHU%6 $SSOHJDWH%.  3XEOLFRSLQLRQDERXWSXQLVKPHQW

DQGFRUUHFWLRQV,Q07RQU\ (G &ULPHDQGMXVWLFH$UHYLHZRI UHVHDUFK 9RO

SS &KLFDJR8QLYHUVLW\RI &KLFDJR3UHVV

'DOEHUW&  7KHMXVWLFHPRWLYHDVDSHUVRQDOUHVRXUFH'HDOLQJZLWKFKDOOHQJHVDQGFULWLFDOOLIH

HYHQWV1HZ<RUN.OXZHU$FDGHPLF3OHQXP3XEOLVKHUV

'DUOH\-0  &LWL]HQV·VHQVHRI MXVWLFHDQGWKHOHJDOV\VWHP&XUUHQWGLUHFWLRQVLQ

SV\FKRORJLFDOVFLHQFH  

'DUOH\-0 3LWWPDQ76  7KHSV\FKRORJ\RI FRPSHQVDWRU\DQGUHWULEXWLYH

MXVWLFH3HUVRQDOLW\DQG6RFLDO3V\FKRORJ\5HYLHZ  

'H.HLMVHU-:  3XQLVKPHQWDQGSXUSRVH)URPPRUDOWKHRU\WRSXQLVKPHQWLQDFWLRQ

$PVWHUGDP7KHOD7KHVLV

'H.HLMVHU-:9DQ.RSSHQ3- (OIIHUV+  %ULGJLQJWKHJDSEHWZHHQMXGJHV

DQGWKHSXEOLF"$PXOWLPHWKRGVWXG\-RXUQDORI ([SHULPHQWDO&ULPLQRORJ\  



'HNNHU3 9DQGHU0HHU7  9HUWURXZHQLQGHUHFKWVSUDDNQDGHURQGHU]RFKW'HQ

+DDJ6RFLDDOHQ&XOWXUHHO3ODQEXUHDX

'H/LVL0  7KHDIIRUGDEOHK\SRWKHVLV3XQLWLYHEHOLHIVYLROHQWEHOLHIVDQGUDFH

-RXUQDORI &ULPLQDO-XVWLFH  

'HQNHUV)  ¶2RJRPRRJWDQGRPWDQG·HQDQGHUHQRUPHQYRRUHLJHQULFKWLQJ/HO\VWDG

9HUPDQGH

'XPVGD\7  2QFKHHULQJ&KDUOHV%URQVRQ7KHHWKLFVRI YLJLODQWLVP6RXWKHUQ

-RXUQDORI 3KLORVRSK\  

(LQGVWDGWHU :  6WXDUW +   &ULPLQRORJLFDO WKHRU\ $Q DQDO\VLV RI  LWV XQGHUO\LQJ

DVVXPSWLRQV1HZ<RUN+DUFRXUW%UDFH&ROOHJH3XEOLVKHUV

(OIIHUV+ 'H.HLMVHU-:  +HWJHORRI LQGHNORRIZHGHU]LMGVHEHHOGHQYDQ

UHFKWHUVHQSXEOLHN,Q-:'H.HLMVHU +(OIIHUV (GV +HWPDDWVFKDSSHOLMN

RRUGHHOYDQGHVWUDIUHFKWHU'HZLVVHOZHUNLQJWXVVHQUHFKWHUHQVDPHQOHYLQJ SS 'HQ

+DDJ%RRP-XULGLVFKH8LWJHYHUV

)HVWLQJHU /   $ WKHRU\ RI  FRJQLWLYH GLVVRQDQFH 6WDQIRUG &$ 6WDQIRUG 8QLYHUVLW\

3UHVV

)LVFKHU5 6NLWND/-  -XVWLFH6RFLDOSV\FKRORJLFDOSHUVSHFWLYHV,Q$-:

7D\ORU (G  -XVWLFH DV D EDVLF KXPDQ QHHG SS   1HZ <RUN 1RYD 6FLHQFH

3XEOLVKHUV

)OHWFKHU*3  $FULPHRI VHOIGHIHQVH%HUQKDUG*RHW]DQGWKHODZRQWULDO1HZ<RUN

7KH)UHH3UHVV

)OLJKW69DQGHQ$QGHO$ +XOVKRI3  9HUWURXZHQLQGHSROLWLH$PVWHUGDP

0LQLVWHULH YDQ %LQQHQODQGVH =DNHQ HQ .RQLQNULMNVUHODWLHV 0HWKRGRORJLVFK

YHUVODJ

)XUQKDP $   %HOLHI  LQ D MXVW ZRUOG UHVHDUFK SURJUHVV RYHU WKH SDVW GHFDGH

3HUVRQDOLW\DQG,QGLYLGXDO'LIIHUHQFHV

(6)



*DUGQHU -   &ULPH ,Q SURSRUWLRQ DQG LQ SHUVSHFWLYH ,Q $ $VKZRUWK  0

:DVLN (GV )XQGDPHQWDOVRI VHQWHQFLQJWKHRU\HVVD\VLQKRQRXURI $QGUHZYRQ+LUVFK

SS 2[IRUG&ODUHQGRQ3UHVV

*HQQ+ 3DWHUVRQ$  3DWKVWRMXVWLFH6FRWODQG:KDWSHRSOHGRDQGWKLQNDERXWJRLQJ

WRODZ/RQGRQ+DUW3XEOLVKLQJ

*ROGVWHLQ'0  ´,QRXURZQKDQGVµ/\QFKLQJMXVWLFHDQGWKHODZLQ%ROLYLD

$PHULFDQ(WKQRORJLVW  

*UD\VRQ-3  9LJLODQWLVPLQ&DQDGDDQGWKH8QLWHG6WDWHV/HJDO6WXGLHV)RUXP

;9,  

*UHHQH ( -  'DUOH\ - 0   (IIHFWV RI  QHFHVVDU\ VXIÀFLHQW DQG LQGLUHFW

FDXVDWLRQRQMXGJPHQWVRI FULPLQDOOLDELOLW\/DZDQG+XPDQ%HKDYLRU  



+DDV1('H.HLMVHU-: 9DQGHUYHHQ*1*  6WHXQYRRUHLJHQULFKWLQJ

,QYORHG YDQ HUQVW YDQ GH DDQOHLGLQJ HQ PDWH YDQ SODQQLQJ HHQ H[SHULPHQW

7LMGVFKULIWYRRU&ULPLQRORJLH  

+DIHU&/  'RLQQRFHQWYLFWLPVWKUHDWHQWKHEHOLHI LQDMXVWZRUOG"(YLGHQFH

IURPDPRGLHG6WURRSWHVW-RXUQDORI 3HUVRQDOLW\DQG6RFLDO3V\FKRORJ\  



+DIHU&/ %qJXH/  ([SHULPHQWDOUHVHDUFKRQMXVWZRUOGWKHRU\3UREOHPV

GHYHORSPHQWVDQGIXWXUHFKDOOHQJHV3V\FKRORJLFDO%XOOHWLQ  

+DJHGRRUQ0%XXQN%3 9DQGH9OLHUW(  'RMXVWZRUOGEHOLHYHUVSURFHVV

XQIDLUDXWKRULWDWLYHGHFLVLRQVGLIIHUHQWO\"$SSOLHG3V\FKRORJ\$Q,QWHUQDWLRQDO5HYLHZ

  

+DJHPDQ( MDQXDUL +RXGGHGLHIPDDUGDQ"7URXZ

+DZGRQ -   /HJLWLPDF\ WUXVW VRFLDO FDSLWDO DQG SROLFLQJ VW\OHV $ WKHRUHWLFDO

VWDWHPHQW3ROLFH4XDUWHUO\  

+D\QHV*$ 2OVRQ-0  &RSLQJZLWKWKUHDWVWRMXVWZRUOGEHOLHIV'HURJDWH

EODPHRUKHOS"-RXUQDORI $SSOLHG6RFLDO3V\FKRORJ\  

+HLGHU)  7KHSV\FKRORJ\RI LQWHUSHUVRQDOUHODWLRQV1HZ<RUN:LOH\

+HLVH'5  (PSOR\LQJQRPLQDOYDULDEOHVLQGXFHGYDULDEOHVDQGEORFNYDULDEOHV

LQSDWKDQDO\VLV6RFLRORJLFDO0HWKRGVDQG5HVHDUFK  

+LO5 'DZHV*  7KH¶WKLQZKLWHOLQH·-XYHQLOHFULPHUDFLDOLVHGQDUUDWLYHDQG

YLJLODQWLVP$1RUWK4XHHQVODQGVWXG\&XUUHQW,VVXHVLQ&ULPLQDO-XVWLFH  



+LQH . '   9LJLODQWLVP UHYLVLWHG DQ HFRQRPLF DQDO\VLV RI  WKH ODZ RI  H[WUD

MXGLFLDO VHOIKHOS RU ZK\ FDQ·W 'LFN VKRRW +HQU\ IRU VWHDOLQJ -DQH·V WUXFN" 7KH

$PHULFDQ8QLYHUVLW\ODZUHYLHZ  

+RIIPDQ0/  (PSDWK\DQGMXVWLFHPRWLYDWLRQ0RWLYDWLRQDQG(PRWLRQ  



+RXJK0 5REHUWV-9  &RQÀGHQFHLQMXVWLFH$QLQWHUQDWLRQDOUHYLHZ/RQGRQ

,&365

(7)



+XJJLQV 0 .   9LJLODQWLVP DQG WKH VWDWH LQ PRGHUQ /DWLQ $PHULFD 1HZ <RUN

3UDHJHU

+XWWRQ1  %H\RQGSRSXOLVWSXQLWLYHQHVV"3XQLVKPHQWDQG6RFLHW\  

-DFNVRQ -  6XQVKLQH -   3XEOLF FRQÀGHQFH LQ SROLFLQJ D QHR'DUNKHLPLDQ

SHUVSHFWLYH%ULWLVK-RXUQDORI &ULPLQRORJ\  

-RKQVWRQ/  :KDWLVYLJLODQWLVP"%ULWLVK-RXUQDORI &ULPLQRORJ\  

-RNLQHQ$5XXVNDQHQ(<RUGDQRYD00DUNRY' ,OFKHYD0 (GV   

-867,6SURMHFWZRUNLQJSDSHUVUHYLHZRI QHHG,QGLFDWRUVRI SXEOLFFRQÀGHQFHLQFULPLQDO

MXVWLFHIRUSROLF\DVVHVVPHQW+HOVLQNL+HXQL

-RUGDQ - 6  7XUQHU % $   7KH IHDVLELOLW\ RI  VLQJOHLWHP PHDVXUHV IRU

RUJDQL]DWLRQDOMXVWLFH0HDVXUHPHQWLQ3K\VLFDO(GXFDWLRQDQG([HUFLVH6FLHQFH



-XVWL]XQG6HOEVWMXVWL] 0DUFK 6SLHJHO

.DLVHU & 5 9LFN 6 %  0DMRU %   $ SURVSHFWLYH LQYHVWLJDWLRQ RI  WKH

UHODWLRQVKLSEHWZHHQMXVWZRUOGEHOLHIVDQGWKHGHVLUHIRUUHYHQJHDIWHU6HSWHPEHU

3V\FKRORJLFDO6FLHQFH  

.OHLQNH&/ 0H\HU&  (YDOXDWLRQRI UDSHYLFWLPE\PHQDQGZRPHQZLWK

KLJKDQGORZEHOLHI LQDMXVWZRUOG3V\FKRORJ\RI :RPHQ4XDUWHUO\

.RQHFQL 9 -  (EEHVHQ ( %   0HWKRGRORJLFDO LVVXHV LQ UHVHDUFK RQ OHJDO

GHFLVLRQPDNLQJZLWKVSHFLDOUHIHUHQFHWRH[SHULPHQWDOVLPXODWLRQV,Q)/|VHO

'%HQGHU 7%OLHVHQHU (GV 3V\FKRORJ\DQGODZ,QWHUQDWLRQDOSHUVSHFWLYHV SS

 %HUOLQ'H*UX\WHU

.RRPHQ 0   /HNHQSDUWLFLSDWLH LQ GH VWUDIUHFKWVSUDDN +HW EHHOG YDQ GH 1HGHUODQGVH

EHYRONLQJ ( $PVWHUGDP:2'&

.|SFNH0 0DUFK 5DFKHLP*HULFKWVVDDO'HXWVFKODQGUDGLR

.UDXV6-  $WWLWXGHVDQGWKHSUHGLFWLRQRI EHKDYLRU$PHWDDQDO\VLVRI WKH

HPSLULFDOOLWHUDWXUH3HUVRQDOLW\DQGVRFLDOSV\FKRORJ\EXOOHWLQ  

/DPEHUW(*&ODUNH$ /DPEHUW-  5HDVRQVIRUVXSSRUWLQJDQGRSSRVLQJ

FDSLWDOSXQLVKPHQWLQWKH86$$SUHOLPLQDU\VWXG\,QWHUQHW-RXUQDORI &ULPLQRORJ\



/HQ]7  5HSXEOLFDQYLUWXHDQGWKH$PHULFDQYLJLODQWH/HJDO6WXGLHV)RUXP  



/HUQHU0-  (YDOXDWLRQRI SHUIRUPDQFHDVDIXQFWLRQRI SHUIRUPHU·VUHZDUG

DQGDWWUDFWLYHQHVV-RXUQDORI 3HUVRQDOLW\DQG6RFLDO3V\FKRORJ\

/HUQHU0-  7KHMXVWLFHPRWLYH6RPHK\SRWKHVHVDVWRLWVRULJLQVDQGIRUPV

-RXUQDORI 3HUVRQDOLW\

/HUQHU0-  7KHEHOLHI LQDMXVWZRUOG$IXQGDPHQWDOGHOXVLRQ1HZ<RUN3OHQXP

3UHVV

/HUQHU0-  7KHWZRIRUPVRI EHOLHI LQDMXVWZRUOG6RPHWKRXJKWVRQZK\

DQGKRZSHRSOHFDUHDERXWMXVWLFH,Q/0RQWDGD -//HUQHU (GV 5HVSRQVHV

WRYLFWLPL]DWLRQVDQGEHOLHI LQDMXVWZRUOG SS 1HZ<RUN3OHQXP3UHVV

(8)



/HUQHU0-  7KHMXVWLFHPRWLYH:KHUHVRFLDOSV\FKRORJLVWVIRXQGLWKRZWKH\

ORVWLWDQGZK\WKH\PD\QRWÀQGLWDJDLQ3HUVRQDOLW\DQG6RFLDO3V\FKRORJ\5HYLHZ

  

/HUQHU0- 0LOOHU'7  -XVWZRUOGUHVHDUFKDQGWKHDWWULEXWLRQSURFHVV

/RRNLQJEDFNDQGDKHDG3V\FKRORJLFDO%XOOHWLQ

/HUQHU0-0LOOHU'7 +ROPHV-*  'HVHUYLQJDQGWKHHPHUJHQFHRI  IRUPV RI  MXVWLFH ,Q / %HUNRZLW]  ( :DOVWHU (GV  $GYDQFHV LQ H[SHULPHQWDO

VRFLDOSV\FKRORJ\ 9ROSS 1HZ<RUN$FDGHPLF3UHVV

/HUQHU0- 6LPPRQV&+  2EVHUYHU·VUHDFWLRQWRWKH´LQQRFHQWYLFWLPµ

&RPSDVVLRQRUUHMHFWLRQ"-RXUQDORI 3HUVRQDOLW\DQG6RFLDO3V\FKRORJ\  

/LSNXV,  7KHFRQVWUXFWLRQDQGSUHOLPLQDU\YDOLGDWLRQRI DJOREDOEHOLHI LQDMXVW

ZRUOGVFDOHDQGWKHH[SORUDWRU\DQDO\VLVRI WKHPXOWLGLPHQVLRQDOEHOLHI LQDMXVW

ZRUOGVFDOH3HUVRQDOLW\DQG,QGLYLGXDO'LIIHUHQFHV

/LSNXV,0'DOEHUW& 6LHJOHU,&  7KHLPSRUWDQFHRI GLVWLQJXLVKLQJWKH

EHOLHI LQDMXVWZRUOGIRUVHOI YHUVXVIRURWKHUV,PSOLFDWLRQVIRUSV\FKRORJLFDO

ZHOOEHLQJ3HUVRQDOLW\DQGVRFLDOSV\FKRORJ\EXOOHWLQ  

/LWWOH & %  6KHIÀHOG& 3  )URQWLHUV DQG FULPLQDO MXVWLFH(QJOLVK SULYDWH

SURVHFXWLRQDJHQFLHVDQG$PHULFDQYLJLODQWLVPLQWKHHLJKWHHQWKDQGQLQHWHHQWK

FHQWXULHV$PHULFDQ6RFLRORJLFDO5HYLHZ 'HFHPEHU 

/RFNH-  7ZRWUHDWLVHVRI JRYHUQPHQW,Q/DVOHWW (G 7ZR7UHDWLVHVRI 

*RYHUQPHQW$&ULWLFDO(GLWLRQZLWKDQ,QWURGXFWLRQDQG$SSDUDWXV&ULWLFXV VHFRQGHG 

&DPEULGJH&DPEULGJH8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV

/RGHZLMN[+)0'H.ZDDGVWHQLHW(: 1LMVWDG%$  7KDWFRXOGEHPH

RUQRW 6HQVHOHVVYLROHQFHDQGWKHUROHRI GHVHUYLQJQHVVYLFWLPHWKQLFLW\SHUVRQ

LGHQWLÀFDWLRQDQGSRVLWLRQLGHQWLÀFDWLRQ-RXUQDORI $SSOLHG6RFLDO3V\FKRORJ\  



/RGHZLMN[+)0'H.ZDDGVWHQLHW(:=RPHUHQ09 3HWWHUVRQ5  

=LQORRV JHZHOG HQ UHDFWLHV RS RQUHFKWYDDUGLJKHLG GH EHVFKHUPLQJ YDQ HHQ

UHFKWYDDUGLJHZHUHOG"1HGHUODQGV7LMGVFKULIWYRRUGH3V\FKRORJLH

/RGHZLMN[+)0.HUVWHQ*/( =RPHUHQ09  'XDOSDWKZD\VWR

HQJDJHLQ¶VLOHQWPDUFKHV·DJDLQVWYLROHQFH0RUDORXWUDJHPRUDOFOHDQVLQJDQG

PRGHVRI LGHQWLÀFDWLRQ-RXUQDORI &RPPXQLW\ $SSOLHG6RFLDO3V\FKRORJ\



/RR 5   $ FDYHDW XVLQJ VLQJOHLWHP YHUVXV PXOWLSOHLWHP VFDOHV -RXUQDO RI  0DQDJHULDO3V\FKRORJ\  

/XKPDQQ 1   )DPLOLDULW\ FRQÀGHQFH WUXVW 3UREOHPV DQG DOWHUQDWLYHV ,Q '

*DPEHWWD (G 7UXVW0DNLQJDQGEUHDNLQJFRRSHUDWLYHUHODWLRQV SS 2[IRUG

%DVLO%ODFNZHOO

0DF&RUPLFN 1  *DUODQG '   6RYHUHLJQ VWDWHV DQG YHQJHIXO YLFWLPV 7KH

SUREOHPRI WKHULJKWWRSXQLVK,Q$$VKZRUWK 0:DVLN (GV )XQGDPHQWDOV

RI  6HQWHQFLQJ 7KHRU\ (VVD\V LQ +RQRXU RI  $QGUHZ YRQ +LUVFK SS   2[IRUG

&ODUHQGRQ3UHVV

(9)



0DHV-  %ODPLQJWKHYLFWLP%HOLHI LQFRQWURORUEHOLHI LQMXVWLFH6RFLDO-XVWLFH

5HVHDUFK  

0DHV-  (LJKWVWDJHVLQWKHGHYHORSPHQWRI UHVHDUFKRQWKHFRQVWUXFWRI WKH

EHOLHI LQDMXVWZRUOG,Q/0RQWDGD -//HUQHU (GV 5HVSRQVHVWRYLFWLPL]DWLRQV

DQGEHOLHI LQDMXVWZRUOG SS 1HZ<RUN3OHQXP3UHVV

0DQQHHPW¶ZUDDN·RSDXWR·V -DQXDU\ 

0DU[*7 $UFKHU'  &RPPXQLW\VHOIGHIHQVH6RFLHW\  

0DVVDOHEHODQJVWHOOLQJVWLOOHWRFKW0LOO\ 0DUFK ZZZQXQO

0F&XOORXJK-0%HOODK&*.LOSDWULFN6' -RKQVRQ-/  9HQJHIXOQHVV

5HODWLRQVKLSVZLWKIRUJLYHQHVVUXPLQDWLRQZHOOEHLQJDQGWKH%LJ)LYH3HUVRQDOLW\

DQGVRFLDOSV\FKRORJ\EXOOHWLQ  

0LOOHU'7 9LGPDU1  7KHVRFLDOSV\FKRORJ\RI SXQLVKPHQWUHDFWLRQV,Q

0-/HUQHU 6&/HUQHU (GV 7KHMXVWLFHPRWLYHLQVRFLDOEHKDYLRU SS 

1HZ<RUN3OHQXP3UHVV

0LOO\%RHOHGRRGJHYRQGHQ 0DUFK ZZZQXQO

0LQQDDU$  7KHQHZYLJLODQWLVPLQ3RVW$SULO6RXWK$IULFD&ULPHSUHYHQWLRQRU

DQ H[SUHVVLRQ RI  ODZOHVVQHVV" 7HFKQLNRQ ,QVWLWXWH IRU +XPDQ 5LJKWV  &ULPLQDO

-XVWLFH6WXGLHV

0|OOHULQJ*  7KHQDWXUHRI WUXVW)URP*HRUJ6LPPHOWRDWKHRU\RI H[SHFWDWLRQ

LQWHUSUHWDWLRQDQGVXVSHQVLRQ6RFLRORJ\  

0RQWDGD/ /HUQHU-/ (GV   5HVSRQVHVWRYLFWLPL]DWLRQVDQGEHOLHI LQDMXVW

ZRUOG1HZ<RUN3OHQXP3UHVV

0RWKHU VWDQGV WULDO IRU VKRRWLQJ GDXJKWHU·V DOOHJHG NLOOHU  1RYHPEHU   7KH

'LVSDWFK

1DH\p -   %XUJHUDUUHVW $IVFKHLGVUHGH 9ULMH 8QLYHUVLWHLW $PVWHUGDP $OSKHQ DDQ GH

5LMQ.OXZHU

1DJW]DDP* /HQWLQL3  9LJLODQWHVRQWKHKLJKVHDV"7KH6HD6KHSKHUGVDQG

SROLWLFDOVFLHQFH7HUURULVPDQG3ROLWLFDO9LROHQFH

3DJH%:DNH5 $PHV$  3XEOLFFRQÀGHQFHLQWKHFULPLQDOMXVWLFHV\VWHP5HVHDUFK

ÀQGLQJV 1R /RQGRQ +RPH 2IÀFH 5HVHDUFK 'HYHORSPHQW DQG 6WDWLVWLFV

'LUHFWRUDWH

3HGDK]XU$ 3HUOLJHU$  7KHFDXVHVRI YLJLODQWHSROLWLFDOYLROHQFH7KHFDVH

RI -HZLVKVHWWOHUV&LYLO:DUV  

3HUU\--% 3XJK0'  3XEOLFVXSSRUWRI WKHJXDUGLDQDQJHOVYLJLODQWH

SURWHFWLRQDJDLQVWFULPH7ROHGR2KLR6RFLRORJ\DQG6RFLDO5HVHDUFK  



3KRQHYLJLODQWHVODVKHVFDUW\UHV $XJXVW %%&1HZV

5HLVLJ0'%UDWWRQ- *HUW]0*  7KHFRQVWUXFWYDOLGLW\DQGUHÀQHPHQW

RI SURFHVVEDVHGSROLFLQJPHDVXUHV&ULPLQDO-XVWLFHDQG%HKDYLRU  

5REHUWV-9 +RXJK0 D 3XEOLFFRQÀGHQFHLQWKHFULPLQDOMXVWLFHV\VWHP

8QGHUVWDQGLQJ SXEOLF DWWLWXGHV WR FULPLQDO MXVWLFH SS   0DLGHQKHDG 2SHQ

8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV

(10)



5REHUWV - 9  +RXJK 0 E  8QGHUVWDQGLQJ SXEOLF DWWLWXGHV WR FULPLQDO MXVWLFH

0DLGHQKHDG2SHQ8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV

5REHUWV-9 6WDODQV/-  3XEOLFRSLQLRQFULPHDQGFULPLQDOMXVWLFH%RXOGHU&2

:HVWYLHZ3UHVV

5RELQVRQ0' &ORUH*/  6LPXODWLRQVFHQDULRVDQGHPRWLRQDODSSUDLVDO

7HVWLQJ WKH FRQYHUJHQFH RI  UHDO DQG LPDJLQHG UHDFWLRQV WR HPRWLRQDO VWLPXOL

3HUVRQDOLW\DQG6RFLDO3V\FKRORJ\%XOOHWLQ  

5RELQVRQ3+ 'DUOH\-0  -XVWLFHOLDELOLW\DQGEODPH&RPPXQLW\YLHZVDQGWKH

FULPLQDOODZ6DQ)UDQFLVFR:HVWYLHZ3UHVV

5RGJHUV '   :KHQ YLJLODQWHV WXUQ EDG JDQJV YLROHQFH DQG VRFLDO FKDQJH LQ

XUEDQ1LFDUDJXD,Q'3UDWWHQ $6HQ (GV  *REDOYLJLODQWHV SS 

/RQGRQ+XUVW3XEOLVKHUV

5RVHQEDXP+- 6HGHUEHUJ3&  9LJLODQWLVP$QDQDO\VLVRI HVWDEOLVKPHQW

YLROHQFH&RPSDUDWLYH3ROLWLFV  

5RVVL3+ 1RFN6/ (GV   0HDVXULQJVRFLDOMXGJPHQWV%HYHUO\+LOOV6DJH

3XEOLFDWLRQV

5RVVL3+6LPSVRQ-( 0LOOHU-/  %H\RQGFULPHVHULRXVQHVVÀWWLQJWKH

SXQLVKPHQWWRWKHFULPH-RXUQDORI 4XDQWLWDWLYH&ULPLQRORJ\  

5XELQ= 3HSODX/$  :KREHOLHYHVLQDMXVWZRUOG"-RXUQDORI 6RFLDO,VVXHV



5XWWHQ/(+  (LJHQULFKWLQJ=ZROOH7MHHQN:LOOLQN

6DQGHUVH& +DUEHUV00  6FKROLQJHQRSOHLGLQJ*HRJUDÀVFKHYHUVFKLOOHQ=LMQHU

YHUVFKLOOHQWXVVHQ1HGHUODQGHQDQGHUHODQGHQ"5LMNVLQVWLWXXWYRRU9RONVJH]RQGKHLGHQ

0LOLHX5HWULHYHG$XJXVWIURPWKH:RUOG:LGH:HEKWWSZZZULYP

QOYWYREMHFWBGRFXPHQWRQKWPO

6DUDW$ .HDUQV75  ,QWURGXFWLRQ,Q$6DUDW 75.HDUQV (GV /DZ·V

9LROHQFH SS $QQ$UERU8QLYHUVLW\RI 0LFKLJDQ·V3UHVV

6FKDGW$0 'H/LVL0  ,VYLJLODQWLVPRQ\RXUPLQG"$QH[SORUDWRU\VWXG\

RI  QXDQFH DQG FRQWUDGLFWLRQ LQ VWXGHQW GHDWK SHQDOW\ RSLQLRQ &ULPLQDO -XVWLFH

6WXGLHV  

6HGHUEHUJ 3 &   7KH SKHQRPHQRQRORJ\ RI  YLJLODQWLVP LQ FRQWHPSRUDU\

$PHULFDDQLQWHUSUHWDWLRQ7HUURULVP$Q,QWHUQDWLRQDO-RXUQDO  

6HOEVWMXVWL]'LH5DFKHGHU0DULDQQH%DFKPHLHU )HEUXDU\ :HOW2QOLQH

6KRWODQG 5 /   6SRQWDQHRXV YLJLODQWLVP D E\VWDQGHU UHVSRQVH WR FULPLQDO

EHKDYLRU,Q+-5RVHQEDXP 3&6HGHUEHUJ (GV 9LJLODQWH3ROLWLFV8QLYHUVLW\

RI 3HQQV\OYDQLD3UHVV

6KRWODQG5/ *RRGVWHLQ/,  7KHUROHRI E\VWDQGHUVLQFULPHFRQWURO

-RXUQDORI 6RFLDO,VVXHV  

6NLWND/-  'RWKHPHDQVDOZD\VMXVWLI\WKHHQGVRUGRWKHHQGVVRPHWLPHV

MXVWLI\WKHPHDQV"$YDOXHSURWHFWLRQPRGHORI MXVWLFHUHDVRQLQJ3HUVRQDOLW\DQG

VRFLDOSV\FKRORJ\EXOOHWLQ  

(11)



6NLWND / - %DXPDQ & :  6DUJLV ( *   0RUDO FRQYLFWLRQ $QRWKHU

FRQWULEXWRUWRDWWLWXGHVWUHQJWKRUVRPHWKLQJPRUH"-RXUQDORI 3HUVRQDOLW\DQG6RFLDO

3V\FKRORJ\  

6NLWND/- +RXVWRQ'$  :KHQGXHSURFHVVLVRI QRFRQVHTXHQFH0RUDO

PDQGDWHVDQGSUHVXPHGGHIHQGDQWJXLOWRULQQRFHQFH6RFLDO-XVWLFH5HVHDUFK  



6NRJDQ:*  &RQFHUQDERXWFULPHDQGFRQÀGHQFHLQWKHSROLFH5HDVVXUDQFH

RUDFFRXQWDELOLW\"3ROLFH4XDUWHUO\  

6PLWK'  &RQÀGHQFHLQWKHFULPLQDOMXVWLFHV\VWHPZKDWOLHVEHQHDWK" 5HVHDUFK6HULHV

 0LQLVWU\RI -XVWLFH

6093   7XVVHQ HLJHQ YHUDQWZRRUGHOLMNKHLG HQ HLJHQULFKWLQJ 'RUGUHFKW 6WLFKWLQJ

0DDWVFKDSSLM9HLOLJKHLGHQ3ROLWLH

6SHQFHU-  )RUHZRUG,Q'3UDWWHQ $6HQ (GV *OREDOYLJLODQWHV SS[[LL 

1HZ<RUN&RORPELD8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV

6W $PDQG 0 '  =DPEOH (   ,PSDFW RI  LQIRUPDWLRQ DERXW VHQWHQFLQJ

GHFLVLRQVRQSXEOLFDWWLWXGHVWRZDUGWKHFULPLQDOMXVWLFHV\VWHP/DZDQG+XPDQ

%HKDYLRU  

6XQVKLQH- 7\OHU75 D 0RUDOVROLGDULW\LGHQWLÀFDWLRQZLWKWKHFRPPXQLW\DQG

WKHLPSRUWDQFHRI SURFHGXUDOMXVWLFH7KHSROLFHDVSURWRW\SLFDOUHSUHVHQWDWLYHV

RI DJURXS·VPRUDOYDOXHV6RFLDO3V\FKRORJ\4XDUWHUO\  

6XQVKLQH- 7\OHU75 E 7KHUROHRI SURFHGXUDOMXVWLFHDQGOHJLWLPDF\LQ

VKDSLQJSXEOLFVXSSRUWIRUSROLFLQJ/DZ 6RFLHW\5HYLHZ  

6XWWRQ50'RXJODV.0:LONLQ.(OGHU7-&ROH-0 6WDWKL6  

-XVWLFH IRU ZKRP H[DFWO\" %HOLHIV LQ MXVWLFH IRU WKH VHOI  DQG YDULRXV RWKHUV

3HUVRQDOLW\DQG6RFLDO3V\FKRORJ\%XOOHWLQ

6XWWRQ50 'RXJODV.6  -XVWLFHIRUDOORUMXVWIRUPH"0RUHHYLGHQFHRI  WKHLPSRUWDQFHRI WKHVHOIRWKHUGLVWLQFWLRQLQMXVWZRUOGEHOLHIV3HUVRQDOLW\DQG

LQGLYLGXDOGLIIHUHQFHV

6]WRPSND3  7UXVW&DPEULGJH&DPEULGJH8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV

7DQNHEH-  6HOIKHOSSROLFLQJDQGSURFHGXUDOMXVWLFH*KDQDLDQYLJLODQWLVPDQG

WKHUXOHRI ODZ/DZ 6RFLHW\5HYLHZ  

7HHYHQ )   9HLOLJKHLG 5HWULHYHG $XJXVW   IURP WKH :RUOG :LGH :HE

KWWSZZZYYGQODFWXHHOYHLOLJKHLG

7HU9RHUW0-  9HUWURXZHQLQKHWVWUDIUHFKWV\VWHHPHQQRUPYHUYDJLQJ,Q.

:LWWHEURRG -$0LFKRQ 0-7HU9RHUW (GV 1HGHUODQGHUVRYHUFULPLQDOLWHLW

HQUHFKWVKDQGKDYLQJ SS 'HYHQWHU*RXGD4XLQW

7KLEDXW- :DONHU/  3URFHGXUDOMXVWLFH$SV\FKRORJLFDODQDO\VLV+LOOVGDOH(UOEDXP

7LOEXUJVHMXZHOLHUVFKLHWRSRYHUYDOOHUV 5HFKWEDQN%UHGD 

7ULSS 7 0 %LHV 5 -  $TXLQR .   3RHWLF MXVWLFH RU SHWW\ MHDORXV\" 7KH

DHVWKHWLFVRI UHYHQJH2UJDQL]DWLRQDO%HKDYLRUDQG+XPDQ'HFLVLRQ3URFHVVHV



(12)



7ULSS70%LHV5- $TXLQR.  $YLJLODQWHPRGHORI MXVWLFH5HYHQJH

UHFRQFLOLDWLRQIRUJLYHQHVVDQGDYRLGDQFH6RFLDO-XVWLFH5HVHDUFK   7\OHU75  :K\SHRSOHREH\WKHODZ1HZ+DYHQ<DOH8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV

7\OHU75  3XEOLFWUXVWDQGFRQÀGHQFHLQOHJDODXWKRULWLHV:KDWGRPDMRULW\

DQGPLQRULW\JURXSPHPEHUVZDQWIURPWKHODZDQGOHJDOLQVWLWXWLRQV"%HKDYLRUDO

6FLHQFHVDQGWKH/DZ

7\OHU75  (QKDQFLQJSROLFHOHJLWLPDF\7KH$QQDOVRI WKH$PHULFDQ$FDGHP\RI  3ROLWLFDODQG6RFLDO6FLHQFH  

7\OHU75  3V\FKRORJLFDOSHUVSHFWLYHVRQOHJLWLPDF\DQGOHJLWLPDWLRQ$QQXDO

5HYLHZRI 3V\FKRORJ\

7\OHU75 6PLWK+-  6RFLDOMXVWLFHDQGVRFLDOPRYHPHQWV,Q'*LOEHUW  6)LVNH */LQGVD\ (GV +DQGERRNRI VRFLDOSV\FKRORJ\ HG9ROSS

 1HZ<RUN0F*UDZ+LOO

7\OHU75 6PLWK+-  6RFLDOMXVWLFHDQGVRFLDOPRYHPHQWV,Q*/LQGVD\

(G +DQGERRNRI VRFLDOSV\FKRORJ\ HG9ROSS 1HZ<RUN0F*UDZ

+LOO

9DQ.RSSHQ3-  9HUDQNHULQJYDQUHFKWVSUDDN2YHUGHZLVVHOZHUNLQJWXVVHQ

EXUJHUSROLWLHMXVWLWLHHQUHFKWHU'HYHQWHU.OXZHU

9DQ=RPHUHQ0 /RGHZLMN[+)0  0RWLYDWHGUHVSRQVHVWR¶VHQVHOHVV·

YLROHQFH ([SODLQLQJ HPRWLRQDO DQG EHKDYLRUDO UHVSRQVHV WKURXJK SHUVRQ DQG

SRVLWLRQLGHQWLÀFDWLRQ(XURSHDQ-RXUQDORI 6RFLDO3V\FKRORJ\

9DQ=RPHUHQ0 /RGHZLMN[+)0  ´&RXOGWKLVKDSSHQWRPH"µ7KUHDW

UHODWHGVWDWHRULHQWDWLRQLQFUHDVHVSRVLWLRQLGHQWLÀFDWLRQZLWKYLFWLPVRI UDQGRP

´VHQVHOHVVµYLROHQFH(XURSHDQ-RXUQDORI 6RFLDO3V\FKRORJ\

:DUU0  :KDWLVWKHSHUFHLYHGVHULRXVQHVVRI FULPHV"&ULPLQRORJ\  



:HEHU +   (PRWLRQDO H[FHVVHV DV HOHPHQWV RI  WKH ODZ ,Q - 6FKODHJHU (G 

5HSUHVHQWDWLRQVRI HPRWLRQDOH[FHVV 9ROSS 7ELQJHQ*XQWHU1DUU

9HUODJ

:HLVEXUG'  -HZLVKVHWWOHUYLROHQFH8QLYHUVLW\3DUN3HQQV\OYDQLD6WDWH8QLYHUVLW\

3UHVV

:HLW]HU5 7XFK6$  'HWHUPLQDQWVRI SXEOLFVDWLVIDFWLRQZLWKWKHSROLFH

3ROLFH4XDUWHUO\  

:KLWW+3  7KHVKHDI FRHIÀFLHQW$VLPSOLÀHGDQGH[SDQGHGDSSURDFK6RFLDO

6FLHQFH5HVHDUFK

:\HU56-U%RGHQKDXVHQ*9 *RUPDQ7)  &RJQLWLYHPHGLDWRUVRI  UHDFWLRQVWRUDSH-RXUQDORI 3HUVRQDOLW\DQG6RFLDO3V\FKRORJ\

=LPULQJ)(  7KHYLJLODQWHWUDGLWLRQDQGPRGHUQH[HFXWLRQV7KHFRQWUDGLFWLRQVRI 

$PHULFDQFDSLWDOSXQLVKPHQW SS 2[IRUG2[IRUG8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV



Referenties

GERELATEERDE DOCUMENTEN

License: Licence agreement concerning inclusion of doctoral thesis in the Institutional Repository of the University of Leiden. Downloaded

License: Licence agreement concerning inclusion of doctoral thesis in the Institutional Repository of the University of Leiden. Downloaded

License: Licence agreement concerning inclusion of doctoral thesis in the Institutional Repository of the University of Leiden. Downloaded

License: Licence agreement concerning inclusion of doctoral thesis in the Institutional Repository of the University of Leiden. Downloaded

License: Licence agreement concerning inclusion of doctoral thesis in the Institutional Repository of the University of Leiden. Downloaded

License: Licence agreement concerning inclusion of doctoral thesis in the Institutional Repository of the University of Leiden. Downloaded

License: Licence agreement concerning inclusion of doctoral thesis in the Institutional Repository of the University of Leiden. Downloaded

License: Licence agreement concerning inclusion of doctoral thesis in the Institutional Repository of the University of Leiden. Downloaded