Metabolic alterations in dialysis patients Drechsler, C.
Hele tekst
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(602) 2DEN@ =@ELKJA?PEJ LNKIKPA@ PDA ?HA=N=J?A KB =LKLPKPE? ?AHHO >U I=?NKLD=CAO 9: PDQO ?KQJPAN=?PEJC =J AT=?AN>=PEKJ KB EJn=II=PEKJ =J@EIIQJA@UOBQJ?PEKJ9:
(603) LLHUEJCPDEOEJBKNI=PEKJPKPDA?HEJE?=HOEPQ=PEKJ . .
(604) .3:98/-=38+8.+.?/;</9>=-97/382/79.3+6B<3<. =@ELKJA?PEJI=U>A=OOQIA@PKHKSAN!0.EJDAIK@E=HUOEOL=PEAJPO SDE?DEO= OPNKJCNEOGB=?PKNBKN=@RANOAKQP?KIA9:
(605) 'JPDEO?=OA =@FQOPIAJPOBKN!0. EJPDA=J=HUOAOKB=@ELKJA?PEJSEPDKQP?KIA E
(606) A
(607) AT?HQ@EJCPDALKPAJPE=HL=PDS=U KBHKSANEJCEJn=II=PEKJ =NAATLA?PA@PKNAOQHPEJ=SKNOA=OOK?E=PEKJDECDAN NEOGAOPEI=PAOBKN=@ELKJA?PEJ
(608) 'J@AA@ ?KJOEOPAJPHUDECDANABBA?PAOPEI=PAOSANA OAAJ OQCCAOPEJC PD=P PDA ATLANEIAJP=HHU K>OANRA@ =JPE EJn=II=PKNU ABBA?PO KB =@ELKJA?PEJ=HOKDKH@PNQAEJPDA?HEJE?=HOAPPEJCKBI=EJPAJ=J?ADAIK@E=HUOEO
(609) 2DA OPNAJCPDO KB PDEO LNKOLA?PERA ?KDKNP OPQ@U EJ?HQ@A PDA LNA?EOA =J@ ?KILNADAJOERA NA?KN@EJC KB LNA OLA?EmA@ ?AJPN=HHU =@FQ@E?=PA@ KQP?KIAO PDA @EOPEJ?PEKJ KB @EBBANAJP ?KILKJAJPO BKNIEJC ?=N@EKR=O?QH=N ARAJPO PDA HKJCEPQ@EJ=HIA=OQNAOKB=@ELKJA?PEJ PDAH=NCAJQI>ANKBL=PEAJPO=J@PDAHKJC PANIBKHHKS QL
(610) LKPAJPE=HHEIEP=PEKJI=U>APD=PPDA=@ELKJA?PEJIA=OQNAIAJPO @E@JKP=??KQJPBKNPDA@EBBANAJPE=PEKJKBEOKBKNIO SEPDPDADECDIKHA?QH=NSAECDP EOKBKNI>AEJCOQCCAOPA@=OPDAIKOP>EKHKCE?=HHU=?PERABKNI9:
(611) &KSARAN PDA NKHAO KB PDA EOKBKNIO R=NUEJC EJ @EBBANAJP LDUOEKL=PDKHKCE?=H ?KJ@EPEKJO =NA JKP UAP BQHHU AOP=>HEODA@ 9:
(612) 'J DA=NP B=EHQNA LKLQH=PEKJO PKP=H =@ELKJA?PEJ D=O >AAJNA?KIIAJ@A@=OLNABANNA@IA=OQNABKNIKNP=HEPU=OOAOOIAJPO9:
(613) 'J ?KJ?HQOEKJ PDA EJ?NA=OA@ NEOG KB ?=N@EKR=O?QH=N ARAJPO OAAJ SEPD = DECD =@ELKJA?PEJ=P>=OAHEJAS=OI=EJHUATLH=EJA@>UDECDNEOGOKBOQ@@AJ@A=PD=J@ OPNKGA >QP JKP KB IUK?=N@E=H EJB=N?PEKJ
(614) 'J?NA=OEJC =@ELKJA?PEJ @QNEJC BKHHKS QL S=O =OOK?E=PA@ SEPD DECDAN NEOGO KB =@RANOA ?=N@EKR=O?QH=N KQP?KIAO =J@ @A=PD SDANA>UPDA=OOK?E=PEKJOSANAI=EJHUATLH=EJA@>U=?KJBKQJ@EJCABBA?P KB ,2 LNK ,.
(615) $QNPDANIKNA =@ELKJA?PEJ =LLA=NO PK DKH@ =JPE EJn=II=PKNU LNKLANPEAOEJDAIK@E=HUOEOL=PEAJPO
(616) 5APDANABKNAOQCCAOPPD=PDECD=J@EJ?NA=OEJC =@ELKJA?PEJ EJ PDA @E=HUOEO LKLQH=PEKJ H=NCAHU NAnA?PO = ?KJOAMQAJ?A KB @EOA=OA ?EN?QIOP=J?AO ?D=N=?PANEVA@ >U EJ?NA=OEJC ,2 LNK ,.
(617) +KOP HEGAHU EP EO = ?KQJPANNACQH=PKNU NAOLKJOA PK SKNOAJEJC DA=HPD SDEHA GAALEJC EPO LKPAJPE=H PK ?KQJPAN=?PEJn=II=PEKJ
(618) . .
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(620) NEAnU PDA " OPQ@U S=O = LNKOLA?PERA N=J@KIEVA@ ?KJPNKHHA@ PNE=H EJ?HQ@EJC L=PEAJPO SEPD PULA @E=>APAO IAHHEPQO h UA=NO =J@ LNAREKQO @QN=PEKJ KB DAIK@E=HUOEOKBHAOOPD=JUA=NO
(621) APSAAJ+=N?D=J@-?PK>AN L=PEAJPO SANANA?NQEPA@EJL=NPE?EL=PEJC@E=HUOEO?AJPNAOEJ%ANI=JU
(622) BPAN=LANEK@KB SAAGO L=PEAJPOSANAN=J@KIHU=OOECJA@PK@KQ>HA >HEJ@PNA=PIAJPSEPDAEPDAN ICPKNR=OP=PEJJKNLH=?A>KJKJ?A@=EHU
(623) 1PQ@UREOEPOPKKGLH=?A PDNAAPEIAO>ABKNAN=J@KIEV=PEKJREOEP =PN=J@KIEV=PEKJREOEP =J@=PBKQN SAAGOREOEP=J@ARANUOETIKJPDOREOEPAP?
(624) =BPANN=J@KIEV=PEKJQJPEHPDA@=PA KB@A=PD ?AJOKNEJC KNAJ@KBPDAOPQ@UEJ$A>NQ=NU
(625) 2DALNEI=NUAJ@LKEJPKB PDA"OPQ@US=O@AmJA@=O=?KILKOEPAKB@A=PDBNKI?=N@E=??=QOAO OPNKGA=J@ +' SDE?DARANK??QNNA@mNOP
(626) "A=PDBNKI=JU?=QOA OQ@@AJ@A=PD OPNKGA=J@+' SANAOA?KJ@=NUOPQ@UAJ@LKEJPO
(627) "1PQ@UAJ@LKEJPOSANA?AJPN=HHU=@FQ@E?=PA@ >U PDNAA IAI>ANO KB PDA AJ@LKEJP ?KIIEPPAA >HEJ@A@ PK OPQ@U PNA=PIAJP =J@ =??KN@EJCPKLNA @AmJA@?NEPANE=9:
(628) $KNPDALNAOAJP=J=HUOEO OQ@@AJ@A=PD OPNKGA +' PDA?KI>EJA@?=N@EKR=O?QH=N AJ@LKEJP!4#?=N@E=?@A=PD OPNKGA +'=J@=HH ?=QOA@A=PDSANA=HH?DKOAJPK >AOAL=N=PAKQP?KIAIA=OQNAO=J@SANA>=OA@KJPDALNEI=NUFQ@CAIAJPKBPDA AJ@LKEJP?KIIEPPAA@QNEJCPDA"1PQ@U
(629) '8')411+)8/43 'JBKNI=PEKJ KJ =CA CAJ@AN =J@ OIKGEJC OP=PQO S=O K>P=EJA@ PDNKQCD L=PEAJP EJPANREASO
(630) 1IKGEJC OP=PQO S=O ?H=OOEmA@ =O JARAN BKNIAN KN ?QNNAJP
(631) !KIKN>E@EPEAO EJ?HQ@EJCPDALNAOAJ?AKB?KNKJ=NU=NPANU@EOA=OA=J@?KJCAOPERA DA=NPB=EHQNA =OSAHH=OPDA@QN=PEKJKB@E=>APAOIAHHEPQO=J@@E=HUOEOPNA=PIAJP SANA NALKNPA@ >U PDA L=PEAJPOb JALDNKHKCEOPO
(632) HKK@ LNAOOQNA S=O IA=OQNA@ EJ OEPPEJCLKOEPEKJ
(633) K@UI=OOEJ@ATS=O?=H?QH=PA@=OSAECDPGC@ERE@A@>UDAECDP I OMQ=NA@
(634) HH H=>KN=PKNU IA=OQNAIAJPO KB PDA " 1PQ@U SANA LANBKNIA@ ?AJPN=HHU =P PDA "AL=NPIAJP KB !HEJE?=H !DAIEOPNU 3JERANOEPU KB $NAE>QNC . .
(635) .3:98/-=38+8.+.?/;</9>=-97/382/79.3+6B<3<. %ANI=JU
(636) @ELKJA?PEJS=OIA=OQNA@EJ>HKK@O=ILHAOP=GAJ=POPQ@UREOEP SAAG>ABKNAN=J@KIEV=PEKJ=J@REOEPIKJPDO=BPANN=J@KIEV=PEKJ
(637) 'BPDANA S=OJKO=ILHA=R=EH=>HA=PREOEPJ =O=ILHAP=GAJ=PPDABKHHKSEJCOPQ@U REOEPS=O?DKOAJREOEPJREOEPJ
(638) +A=OQNAIAJPOKB=@ELKJA?PEJSANA LANBKNIA@>UAJVUIAHEJGA@EIIQJKOKN>AJP=OO=U&QI=J@ELKJA?PEJ#*'1 EK4AJ@KN %I>& &AE@AH>ANC %ANI=JU
(639) 'JPAN =OO=U ?KABm?EAJPO KB R=NE=J?A SANA
(640) HH>HKK@O=ILHAOSANAP=GAJ>ABKNAPDAOP=NPKB@E=HUOEOOAOOEKJO=J@ =@IEJEOPN=PEKJKB@NQCO
(641) #8'8/78/)'13'1=7/7 2DAOPQ@ULKLQH=PEKJS=O@ERE@A@EJPKBKQNCNKQLO =??KN@EJCPKMQ=NPEHAOKBPDA =@ELKJA?PEJHARAHO=P>=OAHEJA
(642) !KJPEJQKQOR=NE=>HAOSANAATLNAOOA@=OIA=JSEPD OP=J@=N@@ARE=PEKJKNIA@E=JSEPDEJPANMQ=NPEHAN=JCA'/0=O=LLNKLNE=PA =J@ ?=PACKNE?=HR=NE=>HAOSANAATLNAOOA@=OLAN?AJP=CAO
(643) 'JCAJAN=H =OOK?E=PEKJOKB=@ELKJA?PEJSEPDKQP?KIASANA=OOAOOA@>U=>OKHQPA EJ?E@AJ?AN=PAOPKNA=?DPDALNA OLA?EmA@AJ@LKEJPO =J@>UNAH=PERANEOGO@ANERA@ BNKI !KT NACNAOOEKJ =J=HUOAO E
(644) A
(645) D=V=N@ N=PEKO &0O =J@ ?KNNAOLKJ@EJC ?KJm@AJ?A EJPANR=HO
(646) BPAN E@AJPEBUEJC ?KJBKQJ@ANO =??KN@EJC PK ALE@AIEKHKCE? ?NEPANE= 9: IQHPER=NE=PA !KT NACNAOOEKJ =J=HUOAO SANA LANBKNIA@ =@FQOPEJC BKN=CA CAJ@AN =PKNR=OP=PEJPNA=PIAJP ?KNKJ=NU=NPANU@EOA=OA ?KJCAOPERADA=NP B=EHQNA @QN=PEKJ KB PULA @E=>APAO IAHHEPQO OIKGEJC OP=PQO =J@ OUOPKHE? >HKK@ LNAOOQNA
(647) 'J@AP=EH PDABKHHKSEJC=J=HUOAOSANALANBKNIA@
(648) $ENOP PDA=OOK?E=PEKJKB>=OAHEJA =@ELKJA?PEJ SEPD PDA LNA @AmJA@ KQP?KIA IA=OQNAO KB OQ@@AJ @A=PD OPNKGA +' !4# =J@ =HH ?=QOA IKNP=HEPU S=O =J=HUVA@ >KPD =O ?KJPEJQKQO R=NE=>HA HKC=NEPDIE?=HHUPN=JOBKNIA@>A?=QOAR=HQAOSANAJKPJKNI=HHU@EOPNE>QPA@=J@ =O?=PACKNE?=HR=NE=>HA>=OAHEJA=@ELKJA?PEJMQ=NPEHAO
(649) 1A?KJ@ SAEJRAOPEC=PA@PDANKHAKB +' ,2 LNK ,.=J@!0.EJPDA=OOK?E=PEKJKB =@ELKJA?PEJSEPDKQP?KIA
(650) 5APDANABKNA@APANIEJA@PDA?KNNAH=PEKJKB=@ELKJA?PEJ SEPD +' ,2 LNK ,.=J@!0. =J@=@FQOPA@KQN=J=HUOAOKJ=@ELKJA?PEJ=J@ KQP?KIA=@@EPEKJ=HHU=J@OPALSEOABKNPDAOAR=NE=>HAO
(651). .
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(653) .=PEAJPOSANA@ERE@A@EJPKPANPEHAO=??KN@EJC PKPDANAH=PERA?D=JCAEJ=@ELKJA?PEJ
(654) 2DA=OOK?E=PEKJ>APSAAJPDANAH=PERA?D=JCA KB =@ELKJA?PEJ =J@ KQP?KIA S=O PDAJ =OOAOOA@ =O ?KJPEJQKQO R=NE=>HA HKC PN=JOBKNIA@ =J@=O?=PACKNE?=HR=NE=>HAQOEJCPDAPANPEHAO
(655) 2DAK>OANR=PEKJLANEK@ ?KJPNE>QPEJCBKNPDA!KTNACNAOOEKJ=J=HUOAOPDANA>UOP=NPA@BNKIPDA@=UKBPDA NAOLA?PERA BKHHKS QL IA=OQNAIAJP QOA@ PK =OOAOO PDA ?D=JCA EJ =@ELKJA?PEJ
(656) @FQOPIAJPOSANAI=@ABKN>=OAHEJAR=NE=>HAO=J@=@@EPEKJ=HHUBKNHKJCEPQ@EJ=H ?D=JCAO EJ +' =J@ ,2 LNK ,. EPO NAH=PEKJO SEPD =@ELKJA?PEJ >ABKNA >AEJC AR=HQ=PA@EJ?KNNAH=PEKJ=J=HUOAO
(657) 2K=??KQJPBKNLKPAJPE=HEJPAN=?PEKJ>UCAJ@AN SALANBKNIA@BQNPDAN=J=HUOAOEJ OPN=P=KBI=HA=J@BAI=HAL=PEAJPO
(658) 'JCAJAN=H PK?KIL=NA=@ELKJA?PEJ>APSAAJPDA=PKNR=OP=PEJ=J@LH=?A>KCNKQLO PDA5EH?KTKJN=JG OQIPAOPS=OQOA@ SDANA=OPDA5EH?KTKJOECJA@ N=JGPAOPS=O =LLHEA@PK?KIL=NA>=OAHEJASEPDLKOP >=OAHEJA=@ELKJA?PEJHARAHO
(659) HHL R=HQAO =NANALKNPA@PSK OE@A@
(660) J=HUOAOSANALANBKNIA@QOEJC1.11RANOEKJ
(661)
(662) ;*7= >7-270 !
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(667) KIIAN .
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(671) *EHEAJPD=HBKNDEOOQLLKNPEJ@=P==J=HUOEO
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(675) 39-2/739:2B<%/<977>8 . .
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(681) "+= !/. . .
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(683) 3;->6+=398 . .
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(687) 699. . .
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(689) ;=/;39<-6/;'2;97,)+<- 396 . .
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(691) ;=/;39<-6/;'2;97,)+<-396 . .
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(693) ! . .
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(695) 7 &9- "/:2;96 . .
(696) . A?GAN )NKJAJ>ANC $ )EAHOPAEJ (2 /= +6 0AJ=H EJOQHEJ NAOEOP=J?A OUJ@NKIA =@ELKJA?PEJ=J@?=N@EKR=O?QH=NARAJPOEJL=PEAJPOSEPDGE@JAU@EOA=OAPDAIEH@ =J@IK@AN=PAGE@JAU@EOA=OAOPQ@U
(697) 7&9-"/:2;96 .
(698) 2+:=/;. .
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