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University of Groningen RPPA-profiling in pediatric acute leukemia: pattern recognition and therapeutic guidance Hoff, Fieke

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University of Groningen

RPPA-profiling in pediatric acute leukemia: pattern recognition and therapeutic guidance

Hoff, Fieke

DOI:

10.33612/diss.168765254

IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from it. Please check the document version below.

Document Version

Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record

Publication date: 2021

Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research database

Citation for published version (APA):

Hoff, F. (2021). RPPA-profiling in pediatric acute leukemia: pattern recognition and therapeutic guidance. University of Groningen. https://doi.org/10.33612/diss.168765254

Copyright

Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons).

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Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons the number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum.

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