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Studying the effects of periconceptional folic acid supplementation

Blom, F.

2015

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citation for published version (APA)

Blom, F. (2015). Studying the effects of periconceptional folic acid supplementation: Travel the world and the seven seas.

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YƵĂůŝƚ ĂƟ ǀĞƐ ƚƵĚLJŽĨĨ ĂĐƚ Žƌ ƐĐ ŽŶ ƚƌŝďƵƟŶŐƚ ŽǁŝůůŝŶŐŶĞƐƐƚ ŽƉĂƌƟĐ ŝƉĂ ƚĞŝŶ&  Ͳdžƚƌ Ă ϭϬϳ 6

6

PHOTOGRAPHY BY HUUB BLOM

Fenneke Blom Astrid R Bosma ŚĂƌůŽƩĞsƌŝŶƚĞŶ >ŝĚĞǁŝũ,ĞŶŶĞŵĂŶ

QUALITATIVE STUDY OF FACTORS

CONTRIBUTING TO WILLINGNESS

TO PARTICIPATE IN A FOLIC

ACID TRIAL IN THE NETHERLANDS

WĂƌƚ// ƫƚƵĚĞƐĂŶĚǁŝůůŝŶŐŶĞƐƐƚ Žǁ Ăƌ ĚƐ&  ƐƵƉƉůĞŵĞŶ ƚĂ ƟŽŶĂŶĚ ƚƌŝĂůƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂ ƟŽŶ ϭϭϮ 6 dĂďůĞϲ͘ϭŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝƐƟĐƐŽĨƚŚĞƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂŶƚƐŝŶƚŚĞŝŶƚĞƌǀŝĞǁƐƚƵĚLJ͕ŶсϮϰ Ă >ŽǁсWƌŝŵĂƌLJƐĐŚŽŽů͕ůŽǁĞƌůĞǀĞůŽĨƐĞĐŽŶĚĂƌLJƐĐŚŽŽů͕ůŽǁĞƌǀŽĐĂƟŽŶĂůƚƌĂŝŶŝŶŐ͖ŵĞĚŝƵŵсŚŝŐŚĞƌ ůĞǀĞůŽĨƐĞĐŽŶĚĂƌLJƐĐŚŽŽů͕ŝŶƚĞƌŵĞĚŝĂƚĞǀŽĐĂƟŽŶĂůƚƌĂŝŶŝŶŐ͖ŚŝŐŚсŚŝŐŚĞƌǀŽĐĂƟŽŶĂůƚƌĂŝŶŝŶŐ͕ƵŶŝǀĞƌ-ƐŝƚLJ͘ ď džƉĞĐƚĞĚƩƉсĞdžƉĞĐƚĞĚƟŵĞƚŽƉƌĞŐŶĂŶĐLJ Participants, n (%)

Mean age in years (SD) 27.2 (3.16)

Parity, n (%) No children 20 (83)

One or more children 4 (17)

Ethnicity, n (%) Dutch 20 (83)

Non-Dutch 4 (17)

Education levela, n (%) Low 4 (17)

Medium 10 (42)

High 10 (42)

Work status, n (%) Paid job 20 (83)

Student 3 (13)

Out of work 1 (4) Expected ttpb, n (%) Currently pregnant 3 (13)

< 1 year 8 (33) 1-3 years 9 (38) 3-5 years 4 (17) Willingness to participate in the FA-Extra Trial, n (%) No 4 (16.7)

WĂƌƚ// ƫƚƵĚĞƐĂŶĚǁŝůůŝŶŐŶĞƐƐƚ Žǁ Ăƌ ĚƐ&  ƐƵƉƉůĞŵĞŶ ƚĂ ƟŽŶĂŶĚ ƚƌŝĂůƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂ ƟŽŶ ϭϭϲ 6 ǁŽŵĞŶŝŶĚŝĐĂƚĞĚƚŚĞLJǁŽƵůĚůŝŬĞƚŽŬŶŽǁĂŌĞƌǁĂƌĚƐŝŶǁŚŝĐŚŐƌŽƵƉƚŚĞLJŚĂĚďĞĞŶ͕ŽƵƚŽĨ ĐƵƌŝŽƐŝƚLJ͘KŶĞďĂƌƌŝĞƌŵĞŶƟŽŶĞĚďLJƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂŶƚƐǁĂƐƚŚĞĚŝĸĐƵůƚLJŽĨŬĞĞƉŝŶŐƚŚĞŝƌǁŝƐŚĨŽƌĂ ďĂďLJĂƐĞĐƌĞƚǁŚĞŶŽďƚĂŝŶŝŶŐ&ƉŝůůƐ͘ ŝƐĐƵƐƐŝŽŶ dŚŝƐ ƐƚƵĚLJ ĞdžƉůŽƌĞĚ ƚŚĞ ĨĂĐƚŽƌƐ ĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŶŐ ƚŽ ǁŽŵĞŶ͛Ɛ ǁŝůůŝŶŐŶĞƐƐ ƚŽǁĂƌĚƐ ƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƟŽŶ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƵƚĐŚ &ͲdžƚƌĂ dƌŝĂů͘ /Ŷ ŐĞŶĞƌĂů͕ ƚŚĞ ƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂŶƚƐ ŚĂĚ ƉŽƐŝƟǀĞ ĂƫƚƵĚĞƐ ƚŽǁĂƌĚƐ ƚŚĞ &ͲdžƚƌĂdƌŝĂů͘dŚŝƐŵŝŐŚƚďĞĚƵĞƚŽƚŚĞŚŝŐŚĂǁĂƌĞŶĞƐƐĂŶĚĂĐĐĞƉƚĂŶĐĞŽĨƉĞƌŝĐŽŶĐĞƉƟŽŶĂů& ƐƵƉƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶŝŶƚŚĞEĞƚŚĞƌůĂŶĚƐϭϲ_{͘ZĞŐĂƌĚŝŶŐĂŚŝŐŚĞƌĚŽƐĞŽĨ&͕ƐĞǀĞƌĂůǁŽŵĞŶƚŚŽƵŐŚƚ} ƚŚĂƚǁŽƵůĚLJŝĞůĚŐƌĞĂƚĞƌĞīĞĐƚ͕ǁŚŝůĞŽƚŚĞƌƐĞdžƉƌĞƐƐĞĚƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƟĞƐĂďŽƵƚƉŽƐƐŝďůĞƐŝĚĞͲĞĨ- ĨĞĐƚƐ͘tŽŵĞŶŚĂĚůĞƐƐŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞĂďŽƵƚƚŚĞŚŝŐŚĞƌĚŽƐĞĂŶĚůŽŶŐĞƌĚƵƌĂƟŽŶŽĨƐƵƉƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂ-ƟŽŶ͕ŵĂŬŝŶŐƚŚĞŵŵŽƌĞŚĞƐŝƚĂŶƚƚŽƵƐĞƚŚĞƚƌŝĂůŵĞĚŝĐĂƟŽŶ͘ DŽƐƚƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂŶƚƐǁĞƌĞǁŝůůŝŶŐƚŽƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƚĞŝŶƚŚĞ&ͲdžƚƌĂdƌŝĂůĂŶĚĨĞǁĞdžƉĞĐƚĞĚƉƌĂĐƟĐĂů ďĂƌƌŝĞƌƐ͘ĂƌƌŝĞƌƐƚŽƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƟŽŶŵĂŝŶůLJĐŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƟĞƐĂďŽƵƚƌŝƐŬƐ;ƉŽƐƐŝďůĞƐŝĚĞͲ ĞīĞĐƚƐͿĂŶĚƚŚĞǁŽŵĞŶ͛ƐƉĞƌƐŽŶĂůƐŝƚƵĂƟŽŶ͕Ğ͘Ő͘ĐƵƌƌĞŶƚŵĞĚŝĐĂƟŽŶ͕ŝůůŶĞƐƐŽƌĂƐƐŝƐƚĞĚĐŽŶ- ĐĞƉƟŽŶ͘dŚĞƐĞŵĂŝŶďĂƌƌŝĞƌƐǁĞƌĞĂůƐŽŵĞŶƟŽŶĞĚŝŶƐƚƵĚŝĞƐŝŶƚŽƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƟŽŶŝŶĐĂŶĐĞƌƚƌŝ-alsϭϳ_{͘dŚĞƐƚƌŽŶŐĞƐƚŝŶĐĞŶƟǀĞƐǁĞƌĞďĞŶĞĮƫŶŐǁŽŵĞŶĂŶĚĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶŝŶƚŚĞĨƵƚƵƌĞĂŶĚŽŶĞ͛Ɛ}

ŽǁŶĐŚŝůĚ͘ůƚƌƵŝƐƟĐŵŽƟǀĞƐǁĞƌĞĂůƐŽĨŽƵŶĚŝŶƐƚƵĚŝĞƐǁŝƚŚƉĂƟĞŶƚƐϭϴ _{but not with healthy}

WĂƌƚ// ƫƚƵĚĞƐĂŶĚǁŝůůŝŶŐŶĞƐƐƚ Žǁ Ăƌ ĚƐ&  ƐƵƉƉůĞŵĞŶ ƚĂ ƟŽŶĂŶĚ ƚƌŝĂůƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂ ƟŽŶ ϭϮϬ 6 ϭ͘ njĞŝnjĞů͕ƵĚĄƐ/͘WƌĞǀĞŶƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞ&ŝƌƐƚKĐ- ĐƵƌƌĞŶĐĞŽĨEĞƵƌĂůͲdƵďĞĞĨĞĐƚƐďLJWĞƌŝĐŽŶĐĞƉ-ƟŽŶĂůsŝƚĂŵŝŶ^ƵƉƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ͘EĞǁŶŐůĂŶĚ :ŽƵƌŶĂůŽĨDĞĚŝĐŝŶĞϭϵϵϮ͖ϯϮϳ;ϮϲͿ͗ϭϴϯϮͲϭϴϯϱ͘ Ϯ͘ DĞĚŝĐĂů ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ŽƵŶĐŝů͘ WƌĞǀĞŶƟŽŶ ŽĨ ŶĞƵƌĂů ƚƵďĞ ĚĞĨĞĐƚƐ͗ ZĞƐƵůƚƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ DĞĚŝĐĂů ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ŽƵŶĐŝů sŝƚĂŵŝŶ ^ƚƵĚLJ͘ dŚĞ >ĂŶĐĞƚ ϭϵϵϭ͖ϯϯϴ;ϴϳϲϬͿ͗ϭϯϭͲϭϯϳ͘ ϯ͘ ŽƌŶĞůD͕ƌŝĐŬƐŽŶ:͘ŽŵƉĂƌŝƐŽŶŽĨŶĂƟŽŶ-ĂůƉŽůŝĐŝĞƐŽŶƉĞƌŝĐŽŶĐĞƉƟŽŶĂůƵƐĞŽĨĨŽůŝĐĂĐŝĚ ƚŽƉƌĞǀĞŶƚƐƉŝŶĂďŝĮĚĂĂŶĚĂŶĞŶĐĞƉŚĂůLJ;^Ϳ͘ dĞƌĂƚŽůŽŐLJϭϵϵϳ͖ϱϱ;ϮͿ͗ϭϯϰͲϭϯϳ͘ ϰ͘ tĞƌůĞƌ DD͕ ^ŚĂƉŝƌŽ ^͕ DŝƚĐŚĞůů ͘ WĞƌŝ-ĐŽŶĐĞƉƟŽŶĂů &ŽůŝĐ ĐŝĚ džƉŽƐƵƌĞ ĂŶĚ ZŝƐŬ ŽĨ KĐĐƵƌƌĞŶƚ EĞƵƌĂů dƵďĞ ĞĨĞĐƚƐ͘ :D͗ dŚĞ :ŽƵƌŶĂů ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ŵĞƌŝĐĂŶ DĞĚŝĐĂů ƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶ ϭϵϵϯ͖Ϯϲϵ;ϭϬͿ͗ϭϮϱϳͲϭϮϲϭ͘ ϱ͘ ĞͲZĞŐŝů>D͕&ĞƌŶĂŶĚĞnjͲ'ĂdžŝŽůĂ͕ŽǁƐǁĞůů d͕WĞŶĂͲZŽƐĂƐ:W͘īĞĐƚƐĂŶĚƐĂĨĞƚLJŽĨƉĞƌŝĐŽŶ-ĐĞƉƟŽŶĂů ĨŽůĂƚĞ ƐƵƉƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ ĨŽƌ ƉƌĞǀĞŶƚ-ŝŶŐ ďŝƌƚŚ ĚĞĨĞĐƚƐ͘ ŽĐŚƌĂŶĞ ĂƚĂďĂƐĞ ŽĨ ^LJƐ-ƚĞŵĂƟĐZĞǀŝĞǁƐϮϬϭϬ͖;ϭϬͿ͘