The socially constructed security dilemma between India and Pakistan : an exploration of norms for a security community
Pervez, M.S.
Citation
Pervez, M. S. (2010, December 20). The socially constructed security dilemma between India and Pakistan : an exploration of norms for a security community. Retrieved from
https://hdl.handle.net/1887/16261
Version: Not Applicable (or Unknown)
License: Licence agreement concerning inclusion of doctoral thesis in the Institutional Repository of the University of Leiden
The Socially Constructed Security Dilemma between India and Pakistan: an Exploration of norms for a Security Community
Proefschrift
Ter verkrijging van
de graad van Doctor aan de Universiteit Leiden
op gezag van Rector Magnificus prof. mr. P.F. van der Heijden, volgens besluit van het College voor Promoties
te verdedigen op maandag 20 december 2010 klokke 15.00 uur
door
Muhammad Shoaib Pervez
Geboren te Lahore, Pakistan in 1976
Promotiecommissie
Promotor: Prof. Dr. Rob de Wijk (Universiteit Leiden) Co-promotor: Dr. Niels van Willigen (Universiteit Leiden)
Overige leden: Prof. Dr. Jaap de Wilde (Rijksuniversiteit Groningen) Prof. Dr. Jan van der Meulen (Universiteit Leiden) Dr. Lee Seymour (Universiteit Leiden)
ISBN: 978-90-8570-707-3
@ 2010 Muhammad Shoaib Pervez. All rights reserved. No part of this
publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission in writing from the proprietor.
Cover design and printed by Wohrmann Print Service Photo taken from reddiff.com
“Each society has its regime of truth, its general politics of truth:
that is, the type of discourse which it accepts and makes function as true”
(Foucault 1994: 31)
Contents
Abbreviations and list of tables and figures 6
1. Introduction 7 2. The India-Pakistan conflict: Social constructivism versus 29
neo-realism and neo-liberalism
2.1 Neo-realism and neo-liberalism 30
2.2 Social constructivist theoretical framework 43
2.2.1 Identity formation 46
2.2.2 Intersubjectivity 53
2.2.3 Ideas, Culture and Norms 58
2.3 Which Constructivism? 63
3. The social constructivist security dilemma and the 67 security community: popular and elites’ social practices
3.1 The realist perspective of the security dilemma 69 3.2 The social constructivist security dilemma: a cultural perspective 76 3.2.2 Steps to understand social norms of state’s identity 81 3.2.3 Elites’ routinization versus popular social practices 82
3.3 Security community: a theoretical perspective 88
3.4 Comparative study of security communities 98
3.5 Conclusion 100
4.
The identities of India and Pakistan in the formative phase 103 of state-building: ideology as a key identity signifier
4.1 The role of chosen traumas 105
4.2 Pakistan’s ideological discourse of identity: Secularism versus Islamic 110 4.3 Indian identity discourse: Secularist versus Hindutva ideology` 121 4.4 Ideology as a thick signifier for elites’ social practices 130
4.5 Conclusion 136
5. The Kashmir dispute: the quest of India and Pakistan identities 138 and Kashmiriyat, the estranged Kashmir’s identity
5.1 India-Pakistan narratives on Kashmir 140
6. India-Pakistan nuclear rivalry: the influence of ideology 173 upon elites’ social practices
6.1 India and Pakistan narratives on the nuclear issue 175 6.2 The historical prespective and some realist explanations 178 6.3 The ideational component: the role of soft power variables 188 6.4 The social practices of Indian and Pakistani elites 191
6.5 Nomenclature of missile programmes 207
6.6 The popular social practices of Indians and Pakistanis 208
6.7 Conclusion 213
7.
Exploration of norms for a hypothetical security community 216 between India-Pakistan and its comparative analysis with the EUand ASEAN
7.1 A path dependence model of a security community 219 7.1.2 Elites social practices and propagation of negative norms 222 7.1.3 Popular social practices and some positive norms 247
7.2 A comparative study of security communities 255
7.2.1 European Union 255
7.2.2 Association of Southeast Asian Nations 261
7.2.3 The comparison 266
8. Conclusion 273
Bibliography 284
Samenvatting 301
Curriculum Vitae 306
Acknowledgements 307
Abbreviations and List of Tables
ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations BJP Bharatiya Janata Party
BJS Bharatiya Jana Sangh
CBFC Central Board of Film Certification CENTO Central Treaty Organisation
EU European Union
IR International Relations
KRL Kahuta Research Laboratories MAD Mutually Assured Destruction
PAEC Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission
RSS Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh
SAARC South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation SEATO Southeast Asian Treaty Organisation
TWF Television Without Frontiers
VHP Vishva Hindu Preshad
List of Tables and Figures
Figure 2.1: The confluence of material and cultural variables on actors’ 44 identities and interests
