A grammar of Makonde (Chinnima, Tanzania)
Kraal, Pieter J.
Citation
Kraal, P. J. (2005, October 20). A grammar of Makonde (Chinnima, Tanzania). Retrieved from
https://hdl.handle.net/1887/4271
Version:
Corrected Publisher’s Version
License:
Licence agreement concerning inclusion of doctoral thesis in the
Institutional Repository of the University of Leiden
Downloaded from:
https://hdl.handle.net/1887/4271
Barlow, A.R. 1927. The use of the Copula with the Kikuyu verb. Festschrift Meinhof, Hamburg.
Bastin, Y. 1983. La finale verbale –IDE et l’imbrication en bantou. $QQDOHV, 114.
Tervuren: Musée royal d’Afrique Centrale.
Bennet-Clark, M. S. 1957. A mask from the Makonde tribe in the British Museum.
0DQ 57:97-98.
Berry, L. 1971. 7DQ]DQLDLQPDSV London: University of London Press.
Bowie, D. F. 1949. The lip plug, or ‘Ndonya’, among the tribes of the Southern Province. 7DQ]DQLQD1RWHVDQG5HFRUGV 27:75-77.
Brauner, S., C. Kapinga, and K. Legere. 1978. Kiswahili and local languages in Tanzania: a sociolinguistic study. .LVZDKLOL 48,2:48-72.
Bresnan, Joan, and Sam A. Mchombo. 1987. Topic, pronoun and agreement in Chichewa./DQJXDJH 63:741-782.
Bresnan, Joan, and Jonni M. Kanerva. 1989. Locative inversion in Chichewa: a case study of factorization in grammar. /LQJXLVWLF,QTXLU\. 20:1-50.
Bryan, Margaret A. 1959. 7KH %DQWX ODQJXDJHV RI $IULFD (Handbook of African
Languages, 4.) London: Oxford University Press for International African Institute.
Carter, H. 1956. Stabilization in the Manyika dialect of the Shona group. $IULFD
26:.398-405.
Cheng, C.C., and C. Kisseberth. 1979. Ikorovere Makua tonology. 6WXGLHV LQ WKH OLQJXLVWLFVFLHQFHV 9.1:31-63.
Cheng, C.C., and C. Kisseberth. 1980. Ikorovere Makua tonology. 6WXGLHV LQ WKH OLQJXLVWLFVFLHQFHV 10.1:15-44.
Cheng, C.C., and C. Kisseberth. 1981. Ikorovere Makua tonology. 6WXGLHV LQ WKH OLQJXLVWLFVFLHQFHV 11.1:181-202.
Clements, G.N., and J. Goldsmith. 1984. $XWRVHJPHQWDO VWXGLHV LQ %DQWX WRQH.
Dordrecht: Foris.
Collings, H. D. 1929. Notes on the Makonde (Wamakonde) tribe of Protugese East Africa. 0DQ 29:25-28.
Cook, Thomas L. 1985. $Q LQWHJUDWHG SKRQRORJ\ RI (ILN YROXPH . Ph.D
Dissertation, University of Leiden.
Creissels, D. 1996. Conjunctive and disjunctive verb forms in Setswana. 6RXWK $IULFDQMRXUQDORI$IULFDQ/DQJXDJHV 16, 4:109-115.
Cunha, Joaquim d’Almeida da. 1886. $SRQWDPHQWRV SDUD R HVWXGR GDV OtQJXDV IDOODGDV SHORV LQGtJHQDV GD SURYtQFLD SRUWXJXH]D GH 0RoDPELTXH QD FRVWD RULHQWDOG¶$IULFD Vol. I. Luanda: Imprensa Nacional.
Devos, Maud. 2004. $*UDPPDURI0DNZH. Ph.D dissertation, University of Leiden.
434
Dias, A. Jorge. 1961. The Makonde people: history, environment and economy; the Makonde people: social life. In 3RUWXJHVH &RQWULEXWLRQV WR &XOWXUDO $QWKURSRORJ\, pp. 21-61. Johannesburg: Witwatersrand University Press.
(Publications of the Ernest Oppenheimer Institute of Portuguese Studies of the University of Witwatersrand Johannesburg, 2.)
[reprint 1964] 112 pp/
Dias, Jorge. 1964. 2V 0DFRQGHV GH 0RoDPELTXH. Vol. 1: $VSHFWRV KLVWyULFRV H HFRQyPLFRV Lisboa: Junta de Investigações do Ultramar.
Dias, Jorge, and Margot Dias. 1964. 2V0DFRQGHVGH0RoDPELTXH. Vol. 2: &XOWXUD PDWHULDO Lisboa: Junta de Investigações do Ultramar.
Dias, Jorge, and Margot Dias. 1970. 2V 0DFRQGHV GH 0RoDPELTXH. Vol. 3: 9LGD VRFLDOHULWXDO Lisboa: Junta de Investigções do Ultramar.
Dias, Margot. 1986. ,QWUXPHQWRV PXVLFDLV GH 0RoDPELTXH. Lisboa: Instituto de
Investigação Científica Tropical, Centro de Antropologia Cultural e Social. Fernando, Francisco A. 1960. Mapico-dança dos Macondes. %ROHWLPGD0XVHRGD
1DPSXOD 1:67-72.
Gillman, Clement. 1940. The water problems of the Makonde Plateau. Water Consultants Report 4. Mimeographed. Newala District Headquarters.
Goldsmith, J. 1984. Meeussen’ s rule. /DQJXDJHVRXQGVWUXFWXUH, R. Oehrle and M.
Aronoff (eds.), pp. 245-259. MIT Press, Cambridge.
Guerreiro, Manuel Viegas. 1962. Conto maconde de tema universal. In (VWXGRV FLHQWtILFRV RIIHUHFLGRVHPKRPHQDJHPDRSURIGRXWRU-&DUUtQJWRQGD&RVWD SRURFFDVLmRGHVHXDQLYHUViULR$EULOGR, ed. by A. Fernandes et al.,
pp. 261-267. Lisboa.
Guerreiro, Manuel Viegas. 1963. 5XGLPHQWRVGHOtQJXDPDFRQGH. Lourenço Marques
(Maputo): Instituto de Investigação Científica de Moçambique.
Guerreiro, Manuel Viegas. 1965. Conto e costumes macondes. In $FWDVGRFRQJUHVVR LQWHUQDFLRQDO GH HWQRJUDILD Vol. 4: &ROyTXLR GH HWQRJUDILD FRPSDUDGD pp.
363-380. Lisboa : Junta de Investigações do Ultramar.
Guerreiro, Manuel Viegas. 1966. 2V0DFRQGHVGH0RoDPELTXH. Vol. 4: 6DEHGRULD OtQJXD OLWHUDWXUD H MRJRV Chapter 2: A língua, pp. 33-37. Lisboa: Junta de
Investigações do Ultramar.
Guerreiro, Manuel Viegas. 1974. 1RYRV FRQWRV PDFRQGHV UHFROKD LQWURGXomR H FRPHQWiULRV GH 0DQXHO 9LHJDV *XHUUHLUR Lisboa: Junta de Investigações de
Ultramar.
Guthrie, Malcolm. 1967-1971. &RPSDUDWLYH %DQWX DQ LQWURGXFWLRQ WR WKH FRPSDUDWLYH OLQJXLVWLFV DQG SUHKLVWRU\ RI WKH %DQWX ODQJXDJHV 4 vols.
Farnborough: Gregg.
Halimoja, Yusuf. 1977. +LVWRULD\D0DVDVL. Nairobi: East African Literature Bureau.
Harries, Lyndon. 1940. An outline of Mawiha grammar. %DQWX6WXGLHV14:91-146.
Harries, Lyndon. 1940. Mawiha texts. %DQWX6WXGLHV 14:410-433.
Harries, Lyndon. 1944. [Republished 1970.] 7KHLQLWLDWLRQULWHVRIWKH0DNRQGHWULEH.
Harries, Lyndon. 1945. Linguistic notes from the Southern Province. 7DQ]DQLD1RWHV DQG5HFRUGV 19:45-48.
Harries, Lyndon. 1950. $ JUDPPDU RI 0ZHUD. (Bantu Grammatical Archives, 1.)
Johannesburg: University of Witwatersrand Press. Hayes, B. 1984. The prosodic hierarchy in meter. Ms, UCLA.
Hornung, Chlodwig. 1958. Die Religion der Bantu im Süden Tanganyikas. =HLWVFKULIW IU0LVVLRQVZLVVHQVFKDIWXQG5HOLJLRQVZLVVHQVFKDIW42:313-325.
Hulst van der, Harry, and Norval Smith. (eds.). 1982. 7KHVWUXFWXUHRISKRQRORJLFDO UHSUHVHQWDWLRQ Vol.2. Dordrecht: Foris.
Hulst van der, Harry, and Norval Smith. (eds.). 1988. $XWRVHJPHQWDOVWXGLHVRQSLWFK DFFHQW. Dordrecht: Foris.
Hyman, Larry M., and Armindo Ngunga. 1990. On the non-universality of tonal association “conventions”: evidence from Ciyao. 3KRQRORJ\ 11:25-68.
Hyman, Larry M., and John R. Watters. 1984. Auxiliary focus. 6WXGLH LQ $IULFDQ /LQJXLVWLFV 15:233-273.
Hyman, Larry M., and C. Kisseberth (eds.). 1998. 7KHRUHWLFDODVSHFWVRI%DQWXWRQH.
Stanford: CLSI Publications.
Hyman, Larry M. 2003. Sound change, misanalysis, and analogy in the Bantu causative. -RXUQDORI$IULFDQ/DQJXDJHVDQG/LQJXLVWLFV 24, 1:55-90.
Johnson, Frederick. 1923. Notes on Kimakonde. %XOOHWLQRIWKH6FKRRORI2ULHQWDO 6WXGLHV 3:1-32.
Kamugisha, Joseph M. 1981. A study of Makonde social and religious institutions. Ph.D. diss., Oxford University.
Kanerva, Jonni M. Focusing on phonological phrases in Chichewa. In 7KH SKRQRORJ\V\QWD[ FRQQHFWLRQ, ed. by Sh. Inkelas and D. Zec, pp. 145-161.
Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Kisseberth, C.W., and M.I. Abasheikh. 1974. Vowel length in ChiMwi:ni – a case study of the role of grammar in phonology. In A. Bruck, R.A. Fox and M.W. LaGaly (eds.) 3DSHUV IURP WKH 3DUDVHVVLRQ RQ 1DWXUDO 3KRQRORJ\. Chicago:
Chigaco Linguistic Society, pp. 193-209.
Large, J. W. s.d. (QJOLVK.LPDNRQGH. [Cited in Whiteley and Gutkind 1958 as
“Available in the Dar es Salaam Museum”.]
Liebenow, J. Gus. 1971. &RORQLDOUXOHDQGSROLWLFDOGHYHORSPHQWLQ7DQ]DQLDWKH FDVHRIWKH0DNRQGH. Evanston: Northern University Press.
Liphola, M.M. 2001. $VSHFWVRI3KRQRORJ\DQG0RUSKRORJ\RI6KLPDNRQGH. Ph.D
dissertation, Ohio State University.
Lorenz, A. 1914. Entwurf einer Kimakonde-Grammatik. 0LWWHLOXQJHQGHV6HPLQDUV IU2ULHQWDOLVFKH6SUDFKHQ 17:46-117.
Maganga, Clement, and Thilo C. Schadeberg. 1992. .LQ\DPZH]L JUDPPDU WH[WV YRFDEXODU\ Cologne: Rüdiger Köppe.
Manus, Sophie. 2003. 0RUSKRORJLHHWWRQRORJLHGHVLPDNRRQGH. Ph.D dissertation,
INALCO, Paris.
Meeussen, A. E. 1959. (VVDLGH*UDPPDLUH5XQGL. Tervuren: Musée royal d’Afrique
436
Meeussen, A. E. 1967. Bantu gammatical reconstructions. In $IULFDQD/LQJXLVWLFD,
pp. 79-121. (Annales, 61). Tervuren: Musée royal d’ Afrique Centrale.
Mpalume, Estêvão Jaime, and Marcos Agostinho Mandumbwe. 1991. 1DVKLODQJROD ZDVKLWDQJRGLVKD6KLPDNRQGH*XLDGDOtQJXDPDNRQGH [Pemba:] Núcleo da
Associação dos Escritores Moçambicanos de Cabo Delgado. Nespor, M., and I. Vogel. 1996. 3URVRGLF3KRQRORJ\. Dordrecht: Foris.
Ndumbu, J.M.G., and W.H. Whiteley. 1962. Some problems of stability and emphasis in Kamba one-word tenses. -RXUQDORI$IULFDQOLQJXLVWLFV 1:167-180.
Nespor, M., and I. Vogel. 1982. Prosodic domains of external sandhi rules. In van der Hulst and Smith (1982), pp. 225-256.
Nespor, M., and I. Vogel. 1986. 3URVRGLFSKRQRORJ\. Dordrecht: Foris.
Nurse, Derek. 1979. Makonde. In 'HVFULSWLRQ RI VDPSOH %DQWX ODQJXDJHV RI 7DQ]DQLD ed. by D. Nurse (= $IULFDQ/DQJXDJHV/DQJXHV$IULFDLQHV 5, 1), pp.
127-132, 141-145. London: International African Institute.
O’ Neill, H. E. 1883. Journey in the district west of Cape Delgado Bay, Sept.-Oct. 1882. 3URFHHGLQJVRIWKH5R\DO*HRJUDSKLFDO6RFLHW\DQG0RQWKO\5HFRUGRI *HRJUDSK\ 5:393-404; map after p. 440.
Odden, David. 1984. Formal correlates of focusing in Kimatuumbi. 6WXGLHV LQ $IULFDQ/LQJXLVWLFV 15:275-299.
Odden, David. 1985. An accentual approach to tone in Kimatuumbi. In Didiers Goyvaerts (ed.), $IULFDQ OLQJXLVWLFV VWXGLHV LQ PHPRU\ RI 0:. 6HPLNHQNH,
345-419. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Odden, David. 1987. Kimatuumbi phrasal phonology. 3KRQRORJ\ 4:13-36.
Odden, David. 1988. Predictable tone systems in Bantu. In $XWRVHJPHQWDOVWXGLHVRQ SLWFK DFFHQW ed. by H. van der Hulst and N. Smith, pp. 225-251. (Linguistic
models, 11.) Dordrecht: Foris.
Odden, David. 1990. Tone in the Makonde dialects: Chimaraba. 6WXGLHVLQ$IULFDQ /LQJXLVWLFV21:61-105.
Odden, David. 1990. Tone in the Makonde dialects: Chimahuta 6WXGLHVLQ$IULFDQ /LQJXLVWLFV21:149-187.
Odden, David. 1990. C-command or edges in Makonde. 3KRQRORJ\ 7:163-169.
Odden, David. 1990. Syntax, lexical rules and postlexical rules in Kimatuumbi. In Sharon Inkelas and Draga Zec (eds.), 6WXGLHV LQ OH[LFDO SKRQRORJ\, 111-144.
Orlando: Academic Press.
Odden, David. 1996. 7KH SKRQRORJ\ DQG PRUSKRORJ\ RI .LPDWXXPEL. Oxford:
Clarendon Press.
Polomé, Edgar C., and C. P. Hill. 1980. /DQJXDJHLQ7DQ]DQLD. Oxford University
Press for International African Institute.
Pongweni, A.J.C. 1980. Tonal substitution in the stabilization construction in Karanga. $IULFDQ6WXGLHV 39:197-208.
Prince, A., and P. Smolensky. 1993. 2SWLPDOLW\ WKHRU\ FRQVWUDLQW LQWHUDFWLRQ LQ JHQHUDWLYHJUDPPDU. TR-2, Rutgers Center for Cognitive Science.
Rice, D.R. 1987. On defining the intonational phrase: evidence from Slave.
Schadeberg, Thilo C. 1994. KiMwani at the southern fringe of KiSwahili. In P. Bakker and M. Mous (eds.), 0L[HG ODQJXDJHV FDVH VWXGLHV LQ ODQJXDJH ,QWHUWZLQLQJ, pp. 239-244. Amsterdam: IFOTT.
Schadeberg, Thilo C., and Francisco Ussene Mucanheia. 2000. (.RWL7KH0DNDRU 6ZDKLOL ODQJXDJH RI $QJRFKH (East African languages and dialects, 11.)
Cologne: Rüdiger Köppe.
Selkirk, E.O. 1978. On prosodic structure and its relation to syntactic structure. In T. Fredheim (ed.) 1RUGLFSURVRG\,,. Trondheim: TAPIR.
Selkirk, E.O. 1986. On derived domains in sentence phonology.
3KRQRORJ\3:371-405.
Steere, Edward. 1871. &ROOHFWLRQV IRU D KDQGERRN RI WKH <DR ODQJXDJH. London:
Society for the Promotion of Christian Knowledge.
Steere, Edward. 1876. &ROOHFWLRQV IRU D KDQGERRN RI WKH 0DNRQGH ODQJXDJH.
Zanzibar.
Stephen, M. 1990. Makonde: sculptures as political commentary. 5HYLHZRI$IULFDQ 3ROLWLFDO(FRQRP\ 48:106-115.
Stout, J. Anthony. 1966. 0RGHUQ 0DNRQGH VFXOSWXUH. Nairobi: Kibo Art Gallery
Publishers.
Stucky, Susan U. 1979. The Interaction of tone and focus in Makua. -RXUQDO RI $IULFDQ/DQJXDJHVDQG/LQJXLVWLFV 1:189-198.
Sutton, John E. G. 1968. The settlement of East Africa. In =DPDQLDVXUYH\RI(DVW $IULFDQ KLVWRU\ ed. by B. A. Ogot and J. A. Kiernan, pp. 69-99. Nairobi:
Longmans of Kenya; East African Publishing House for the Historical Association of Kenya.
Weule, Karl. 1909. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse meiner ethnographischen Forschungsreise in den Südosten Ostafrikas. (Mitteilungen aus den deutschen Schutzgebieten, Ergänzungsheft 1.) Berlin.
Whiteley, W. H. 1951. Introduction to the study of Makonde. Ms. [Cited in Whiteley and Gutkind 1958 as “ Available in the Newala District Office, Newala, Tanganyika.]
Whiteley, W. H. 1951. Material for a Makonde-English, English-Makonde dictionary. Ms. [Cited in Whiteley and Gutkind 1958 as “ Available in the Newala District Office.]
Whiteley, W. H. 1956. $3UDFWLFDO,QWURGXFWLRQWR*XVLL. E.A.L.B.
Whiteley, W. H. 1966. $VWXG\RI<DRVHQWHQFHV. Oxford: At the Clarendon Press.
Whiteley, W. H., and A. E. Gutkind. 1958. $OLQJXLVWLFELEOLRJUDSK\RI(DVW$IULFD
Kampala: East African Swahili Committee and East African Institute of Social Research, Makerere College.
Woodward, H. W. 1923-1926. An outline of Makua grammar. %DQWX6WXGLHV
2:269-325.
Yukawa, Yasutoshi. 1989. A tonological study of Makonde verbs. In 6WXGLHV LQ 7DQ]DQLDQODQJXDJHV pp. 519-560. (Bantu Linguistics, 2.) Tokyo: Institute for