A grammar of Makonde (Chinnima, Tanzania) Kraal, Pieter J.

Kraal, Pieter J.

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Kraal, P. J. (2005, October 20). A grammar of Makonde (Chinnima, Tanzania). Retrieved from

https://hdl.handle.net/1887/4271

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Introduction C.1 Chinnima – English C.2 English – Chinnima index

C.3 Comparative wordlist of five dialects



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The first part of this vocabulary (Chinnima – English) contains over 1800 Chinnima entries and some Chimaraba ones; the same entries are used in the second part (English – Chinnima). The questionnaires used to collect these data are the following: the Questionnaire on Basic and Common Vocabulary in Bantu Languages, and the extensive Questionnaire on Cultural Vocabulary, both designed by the project group The Linguistic Atlas of Tanzania, University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The short word list of Frederick Johnson in his “Notes on Kimakonde” (1923) was checked, and finally, words were added as they came up during our field work.

In general, there are no separate entries for words derived with one of the productive processes of word derivation, like passive, causative and applicative verbs, and agent, manner and instrument nouns. But exceptions are made when such words are lexicalized, show formal or semantic irregularities, or are frequently used basic words. We have marked a number of words as Swahili loans, but we do not claim that we have identified all of them in our vocabulary. With verbs, no attempt is made to subclassify them on whatever basis.

The first part of this vocabulary is organized as follows. The Chinnima entry (without penultimate lengthening) is followed by the surface tones (including penultimate lengthening) and the underlying tones (including the tone group) in capitals, the grammatical category (N = noun, V = verb, P = pronominal form, A = adjective and I = invariable) in italics, the English gloss, and some remarks if needed. In the second part of the vocabulary the English gloss is followed by the Chinnima entry in italics, the surface and underlying tones in capitals, and the grammatical category.

NPx, and a H tone on the final mora of the stem). Generally, the tones are identical for the singular form and the plural form, with some exceptions which are indicated in the tone field. The sign of the grammatical category N is followed by the class number(s), explained in 4.1 - 4.3.

The verbs (V) are cited as stems with initial hyphen. The surface tones are the tones of the Infinitive (without marker). The underlying tones are not indicated since they depend on the tense of the verb, and are the same for all verbs. The Infinitive belongs to tone group A:S1/SF, which results in penultimate level H surface tones when the final syllable is simple (or penultimate R in case of reflexive verbs), and in penultimate L: (or F) when the final syllable is complex. The sign of the grammatical category may be followed by “refl.” (reflexive), “caus.” (causative), “refl/caus” (reflexive/causative), “pas.” (passive), “red.” (reduplication), “irr.” (irregular verb) and “fin.” (finite verb form).

The pronominal forms (P) take a pronominal prefix (PPx), and they are either given with PPx (like substitutives) or cited as a stem with initial hyphen (like possessive stems). When cited as a stem, the surface tones are indicated without PPx, except when the stem is minisyllabic or disyllabic vowel-initial. If possible, the surface tones are followed by the underlying tones. The sign of the grammatical category may be followed by “con.” (connexive), “dem.” (demonstrative), “nom.” (nominalized form), “pos.” (possessive) and “subst.” (substitutive). Stems that take a nominal prefix (NPx) in class 1 are indicated by “P/A”, the A referring to the grammatical category Adjective.

The adjectives (A) take a NPx; they are cited as stems with initial hyphen. The surface tones are indicated without NPx.

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DRL, 3GHPthis (short forms); D\X RL cl.1, DX RL cl.3, DL RL cl.9; attributive tones: (L:)L, the initial D is optional (dem. without D is clitic): QQXPHD\X LHH L:L, QQXPH\X LHF-L this man

DL:H, 3GHPthat (short forms); D\X L:H cl.1, DX L:H cl.3, DL L:H cl.9; attributive tones: (L:)H, the initial D is optional (dem. without D is clitic): QQXPHD\X LHH L:H, QQXPH\X LHF-H that man

DODLL:H, 3GHPthat; D\XOD LL:H cl.1, DXOD LL:H cl.3, DLOD LL:H cl.9; attributive tones: (L)L:H, the initial D is optional; PDFKHGRSDOD LHH L:H year before last year, time ago DQHRHFH, 3GHPthis, that

(referential); DQH\R HFH cl.1, DQHZR HFH cl.3, DQH\R HFH cl.9; attributive tones: (H)FH, the initial D is

optional; DQHSRYLQR HFH (RL) cl.16 well, then, now (then) DQRLRL, 3GHPthis; D\XQR LRL

cl.1, DXQR LRL cl.3, DLQR, LRL cl.9; attributive tones: (H)H:L, the initial D is optional; cf. YLQR RL I now; YLQR DSDQR RL LRL now then here DRL:H, 3GHPthis, that (referential

short forms); D\R L:H cl.1, DZR L:H cl.3, D\R L:H cl.9; attributive tones: (L:)H, the initial D is optional (dem. without D is clitic): QQXPHD\R LHH L:H, QQXPH\R LHF-H this, that man (ref.)

DYRRL, C1:SF, 3SRVtheir; tones including PPx; ZDYR RL cl.1, ZDYR RL cl.3, \DYR RL cl.9; predicative: FL tones

DQDQLHLRL, 3FRQwhose; tones

including prefixes; the second prefix is an NPx; cf. QDQL -RL A who DFKLKZDQJR?, 3FRQlast; tones unknown; cf. KZD V die, FKLKZD YLKZD H:L cl.7/8 death DFKLNRQJZHHLFL, 3FRQfemale; tones including PPx; cf. QNRQJZH LFL cl.1 woman

DFKLOXPHHLH:L, 3FRQmale; tones including PPx; cf. QQXPH LH:L cl.1 man

DFKLQ\DNDODHLHFL, 3FRQof former days, old, of the past; tones including PPx; cf. DWDQJX

DG\DQJXDFKDG\DYDQJXLFL/LHH RL, C2:H.SF, 1$$my wife; DG\DOR LFL your (sg.) wife; DG\DZH LFL his wife; also QG\DQJX LFL my wife, etc.; also used for ‘husband’ DKDPELHH:L, 3FRQnew; tones

including PPx

DNDKZHQDYDNDKZHQDLHFL, 9ILQ lame person; lit. s.o. who does not walk (Neg.Pres.)

DNDORODYDNDORODLHFL, 9ILQblind person; lit. s.o. who does not see (Neg.Pres.)

DNDSLOLNDQDYDNDSLOLNDQDLHHLL:L, 9ILQdeaf person; lit. s.o. who does not hear (Neg.Pres.)

DNDWRQJRODYDNDWRQJRODLHHL:L, 9 ILQdumb person; lit. s.o. who does not speak (Neg.Pres.); also DNDWDQJRODYDNDWDQJROD LHHL:L DNHRL, C1:SF, 3SRVhis, her; tones

FL tones DPDPDDFKDPDPDDQJDDPDPD HRL/LHRL/LH:-H:L, C2:H.SF, 1 $$mother; my m.; DPDPD\R LHRL your (sg.) m.; DPDPD\H LHRL his/her m.; D\XYHWX L:H RL our m.; D\XYHQX your (pl.) m.; D\X YDR our m.; cf. DQ\RNZH

DPDWLLRL, C1:SF, 1$aunt (father’s sister); also PDWL H:L; DPDWL\R LHH:L your (sg.) fa-si; DPDWL\H LHH:L his/her fa-si DPEDOHQJDHLLL:L, 3FRQpierced

(ear); tones including PPx; cf. PEDOHQJD LLL:L cl.3 lobe DPERQHHH:L, 3FRQgood; tones

including PPx; cf. NDWDSDOD V be good, FKLNDWDSHOH V fin. good DPZDQDHFL, 3FRQsmall; tones including PPx; also GLNLGLNL A, G\RNR A; cf. PZDQD FL cl.1 child DPZHQ\HDFKDPZHQ\HHRL/LHRL, C2:H.SF, 1$$headman of village (traditional); cf. XPZHQ\H LRL cl.14 chiefhood; cf. QMXPEH PDMXPEH cl.3/6

DQDKXYLHLH:L, 3FRQred; tones including PPx; cf. KXYLOLOD be red DQDPEX\HLHFL, D2:H.no H, 1$

grandfather; master

DQDQJ¶DODLHFL, D2:H.no H, 1$ uncle (mother’s brother); also QMRPEDYDMRPED cl.1/2

DQDQMLSLHHH:L, 3FRQshort; tones including PPx; cf. LSLND V be short DQDSLHH:L, 3FRQblack; tones

including PPx; cf. GLPED V be black DQDVZHHH:L, 3FRQwhite; tones

including PPx; cf. VZHOHOD V be white

DQJDOD-HH:L, 9please, make happy DQJXRL, C1:SF, 3SRVmy; tones

including PPx; ZDQJX RL cl.1, ZDQJX RL cl.3, \DQJX RL cl.9; predicative: FL tones

DQ\RNZHHRL, C2:H.SF, 1$ mother; his mother; DQ\RNR HRL your mother; used more or less as

terms of abuse; cf. DPDPD cl.2A, D\X L:L cl.2A mother

DSLOD-HH:L, 9swear an oath DWDQJXHFL, 3FRQold, of the past;

tones including PPx; cf. DFKLQ\DNDOD, NRPDOD V, NRQJRSDOD V DWDWDDFKDWDWDDQJDDWDWD LFL/LHRL/LH:-FL, D2:H.no H, 1 $$father; my f.; DWDWDNR LHRL your (sg.) f.; DWDWDNH LHRL his/her f.; DWDWDYHWX LHH RL our f.; DWDWD YHQX your (pl.) f.; DWDWDYDR their f. DWDWXHFL, 3FRQthird; tones

including PPx; cf. WDWX -RL A three DYLOLHFL, 3FRQsecond; tones

including PPx; cf. YLOL -RL A two DYLYLDQJDDYLYLLRL/LH:-H:L, C1:SF,

1$grandparent, ancestor; sg. also YLYL H:L D\XDFKD\XL:L/LH:L, D1:no H, 1 $$mother; see DPDPD HRL; pl.: DFKD\XYHWX LHH RL our m.’s; DFKD\XYHQX LHH RL your (pl.) m.’s; DFKD\XYDR LHH RL their m.’s; cf. DQ\RNZH cl.2A %

EDGXOD-HH:L, 9bite off; also EHGXOD -HH:L

EDKLRL, C1:SF, ,and so, accordingly, well, enough!, stop it!, be it so!; < Sw. basi; see QDQR I

EDNRODGLEDNRODLFL/LLFL, E:S2, 1 FFstick (to walk with); also QNDQJRMRPLNDQJRMR cl.3/4 EDNXOLLFL, E:S2, 1Etype of dance

(every celebration)

EDQD-H:L, 9press tight, squeeze; also NDED; cf. WRKD; see afflict

EDQD-H:L, 9afflict, oppress; cf. neut. EDQLND -HH:L be afflicted, caus. EDQLKD -HFL annoy, ODJDVD; see press tight

EDQLKD-HFL, 9FDXVannoy; caus. < EDQD -H:L afflict

cf. KXYD, WXQGXZLOD, ODJD EDVLNHOLGLEDVLNHOLHHL:L/LHHL:L,

B:S1, 1FFbicycle; < Sw. baisikeli; see LQMLQJDGLQMLQJD cl.9/10 EHGXOD-HH:L, 9bite off; also EDGXOD

-HH:L

ELQGDGLELQGDRL/LRL, C1:SF, 1 FFokra

ERED-H:L, 9shoot (arrow, gun) ERPROD-HH:L, 9destroy a house; also

EDPROD -HH:L

EXKXND-HH:L, 9go out, come out suddenly

EXOLND-HH:L, 9pile up things upside down; cf. OXQGDQ\D

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FKDH:L, 9dawn; tones with Infinitive marker; XKLNXXNDFKD LHL LH:L until dawn, lit. if the night dawns; cf. NXO\DPED cl.17, XPDPEXPEX cl.14 dawn

FKDEDQGDY\DEDQGDHFL, B:S1, 1 insect sp. (damaging produce of fields); grammar: N or P nom.? FKDNDY\DNDH:L, A:S1/SF, 1year;

also PZDNDP\DND H:L cl.3/4 FKDNDQLHRL, C2:H.SF, ,when; tones

also LRL; question phrase-finally: final FH FKDNDQL HFH; also QGXYDQL I (< Chimaraba)

FKDNDSDOD-HHH:L, 9become small; cf. GLNLGLNL A, G\RNR A, DPZDQD P con.

FKDNXO\DY\DNXO\DHL:L, D2:H.no H, 3QRPfood; < Sw. chakula; see YLO\R cl. -/8

FKDODY\DODH:L, A:S1/SF, 1finger FKDOXPRLRL, C1:SF, ,together;

FKDOXPRQD LRL L together with; also SDPRQD RL (L) P

FKDPDQLHRL, C2:H.SF, ,what; tones also LRL; question phrase-finally: final FH FKDPDQL HFH

FKDPEXY\DPEXFL, C2:H.SF, 1 dry season

FKDQJDY\DQJDL:L, D1:no H, 1 galago, bushbaby (Sw. komba)

FKDQJDY\DQJDFL, C2:H.SF, 1 size, position

FKDQJRORY\DQJRORHRL, C2:H.SF, 1 millipede; grammar: N or P nom.? FKDSD-H:L, 9wash (clothes)

FKHFKHOHGLFKHFKHOHLL:L/LLL:L, D1:no H, 1FFtype of clothing FKHKD-FL, 9FDXVincise, cut to shape,

trim; NXFKHKDGLQHPER LHH HH:L to make incision mark(s)

FKHNHFKHNHLLRL, C1:SF, 1sieve FKHNHWD-HH:L, 9cut, chop (e.g.

branches); harvest bananas, millet sp.(Sw. ulezi); also FKDNHWD -HH:L FKHOD-H:L, 9cut, chop (trees) FKHPD-H:L, 9call

FKHPXVD-HFL, 9FDXVboil; cf. Sw. -chemsha; see \DXNLG\D, NRG\D; cf. \DXOD, \DXNLOD, WRNRWD, WLQLKD FKHQJXOD-HH:L, 9cut hair; cf. PRZD FKLH:L, 9say; tones with Infinitive

marker; NXFKLGRQRNXFKLGRQL HH(RL)/HH(RL) that (Compl.); cf. WRQJROD; in greetings: XFKLYDFKL GDFKL L:L/L:H LL how are you/they? (today, etc.) FKLEDOXDLLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1

cultivating together (paid with food, beer, etc.); < Sw. kibarua

FKLEDWDOLYLEDWDOLLLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 lamp (small)

FKLERNRYLERNRLRL, C1:SF, 1 hippopotamus

FKLFKLPD-HH:L, 9taste sour, unripe FKLGD-H:L, 9be avaricious, give small

things

FKLGLGLHFL, B:S1, 1pity FKLGLND-HH:L, 9bolt, bar; be end of

sth. FKLGLXYLGLXLRL, C1:SF, 1plug, cork FKLGRGHORYLGRGHORLLRL, C1:SF, 1 hammer; nom. < GRGD V hammer; also LQ\XQGRGLQ\XQGR cl.9/10 FKLGROHYLGROHLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 type of dance (esp. girls)

influenza

FKLGZDGZDLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 barren ground

FKLJRGDYLJRGDLFL, B:S1, 1stool FKLKD-FL, 9FDXVleap (of joy, with

celebrations, etc.); red. > FKLKDFKLKD -HHL:L jump about FKLKDYLKDRL, C1:SF, 1bundle of grass; cf. OLIXQJXPDIXQJX cl.5/6, FKLWXYLYLWXYL cl.7/8 FKLKDNDXLHH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 misfortune FKLKDNRYLKDNRLRL, C1:SF, 1 hunt; nom. < KDND V hunt

FKLKDPXODYLKDPXODLLL:L, D1:H.no H, 1comb; cf. KDPXOLOD VDPXOLOD V comb FKLKDQXYLKDQXLRL, C1:SF, 1 grass sp. FKLKDSRYLKDSRLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 type of basket (big)

FKLKDXHFL, D2:H.no H, 1Yao language, nature; cf. QQ\DXYDKDX HFL cl.1/2 Yao person FKLKHNRLRL, C1:SF, 1laughter; nom. < KHND V laugh FKLKHORYLKHORLRL, C1:SF, 1 winnowing tray FKLKHSRYLKHSRLRL, C1:SF, 1 plucked food, e.g. fruit; nom. < KHSD V pluck, gather (e.g. fruit)

FKLKLL:L, D1:no H, 1only, in vain, for free, no matter; FKLKL

FKDQJ¶DQGH L:L H-H:L there is no light or fire in the house

FKLKLPDYLKLPDLFL, B:S1, 1well (digged); cf. PXWRP\XWR cl.3/4 FKLKLQJ¶LQRYLKLQJ¶LQRLHH:L,

A:S1/SF, 1heel, elbow; FKLKLQJ¶LQRFKDOXGRGR LHHL H-LH:L heel; FKLKLQJ¶LQRFKDQNRQR LHHL H-LH:L elbow

FKLKREDLRL, C1:SF, 1smallpox FKLKRKLYLKRKLLH:L, E:S2, 1fruit FKLKRORYLKRORLRL, C1:SF, 1 thorny thicket FKLKRQGHLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 discussion; NXWD\DFKLKRQGH LHH HH:L to participate in a discussion FKLKRQJDKRQJDLHHH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 quarrelsome; cf. KRQJD V bribe; adjunct FKLKXNRYLKXNRLRL, C1:SF, 1 rainy season; pool, puddle; also FKLKXNXYLKXNX LRL cl.7/8; cf. OLWDQGDPDWDQGD cl.5/6

FKLKXNXKXNXYLKXNXKXNXLHHL:L, B:S1, 1mask

FKLKXOXYLKXOXLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 bladder, bubble, lather

FKLKXPERYLKXPERLRL, C1:SF, 1 torch

FKLKXQGRYLKXQGRLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 knot; also FKLKXQGXYLKXQGX LH:L cl.7/8

FKLKXYDLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1cold (in the chest); see chest; also PDKXYD LH:L cl.6; also in use OLKXYD LH:L cl.5 less severe cold, partly in the nose

FKLKXYDYLKXYDLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 chest; see also cold (in the chest) FKLKZDYLKZDH:L, A:S1/SF, 1

death; also used NXKZD H:L cl.15 to die; cf. DFKLKZDQJR P con. last FKLKZHQLYLKZHQLLRL, C1:SF, 1

gait; nom. < KZHQD V walk FKLMHPEHYLMHPEHLH:L, E:S2, 1 razor FKLND-H:L, 9draw borderline FKLNDSXYLNDSXLFL, B:S1, 1 basket FKLNDWDSHOHLLHFL, 9ILQgood, beautiful, fine; lit. (thing, cl.7) which is good, etc. (Relative Present Perfective of NDWDSDOD be good, etc.); cf. DPERQH -LH:L P con. FKLNRFKDYLNRFKDLL:L, D1:no H, 1

type of dance (esp. weddings) FKLNRNRORZDYLNRNRORZDLLLL:L, D1:no H, 1maize cob (empty); also FKLNRNZDYLNRNZD LL:L cl.7/8 FKLNRNZDYLNRNZDLL:L, D1:no H, 1

FKLNRQJRYLNRQJRLFL, B:S1, 1 stick (for beating)

FKLNRQJ¶RYLNRQJ¶RLFL, B:S1, 1 stick (for beating)

FKLNRRYLNRRLRL, C1:SF, 1 pineapple; often heard as FKLNRZR YLNRZR LRL; also FKLNRXYLNRX LRL cl.7/8

FKLNRWDYLNRWDLRL, C1:SF, 1 sweet millet stalk; millet sp. (red) QWDPDZDYLNRWD LHL H-LRL FKLNXGLYLNXGLLRL, C1:SF, 1

age-mate ceremony (of elders) FKLNXOD-HH:L, 9raise up (in order to

prop)

FKLNXQGDYLNXQGDLFL, B:S1, 1 red soil (used as building material); also LQJXQMDGLQJXQMD cl.9/10 FKLNXQGXYLNXQGXLFL, B:S1, 1

waist; NXKXPDGDPXNXFKLNXQGX LHH HL LLFL to menstruate, lit. to come out blood from the waist FKLNXQJRYLNXQJRLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1

type of trap (rope, to trap birds) FKLNXWLLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1pleiades FKLNXWLYLNXWLLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1

circle around the sun, moon FKLOD-H:L, 9establish sth. new FKLODNDOLYLODNDOLLHFL, B:S1, 1

tonsil

FKLODPERYLODPERLRL, C1:SF, 1 land, area, country

FKLODWXYLODWXLRL, C1:SF, 1shoe, sandal

FKLOHXYLOHXLRL, C1:SF, 1beard FKLOLPXYLOLPXLRL, C1:SF, 1

cleared land (before being cultivated) FKLORRL, C1:SF, 1night; also

XKLNX cl.14

FKLORORYLORORHRL, C2:H.SF, 1 mirror; pane of glass; pl. eyeglasses; nom. < OROD V look at; cf FKLOROR YLOROR LL:L cl.7/8 mirror (implement of divination)

FKLORORYLORORLL:L, D1:no H, 1 mirror (implement of divination); nom. < OROD V look at; cf. FKLOROR YLOROR HRL cl.7/8 mirror

FKLORQGDYLORQGDLRL, C1:SF, 1 wound

FKLORRQJRYLORRQJRLLFL, E:S2, 1 pot

FKLPD-H:L, 9shut, fasten; hate; sep. > FKLPXOD -HH:L open, unfasten; cf. KLND

FKLPDNRQGHLHFL, D2:H.no H, 1 Makonde language, nature; cf. PDNRQGH LRL cl.6 desert areas (without water), PPDNRQGH YDPDNRQGH LHFL cl.1/2 Makonde person

FKLPDODEDLHFL, D2:H.no H, 1 Maraba dialect, nature; cf. PPDODED YDPDODED LHFL cl.1/2 Maraba person

FKLPDQJDLRL, C1:SF, 1Swahili language, nature; cf. NXPDQJD LRL cl.17 coast; also FKLVZDKLOL cl.7/- FKLPDWDPEZHLHFL, D2:H.no H, 1

Matambwe dialect, nature; cf. PPDWDPEZHYDPDWDPEZH LHFL cl.1/2 Matambwe person FKLPEHWDYLPEHWDLL:L, D1:no H, 1 flute; NZRPEDFKLPEHWD HH LL:L to flute FKLPEXQJDLRL, C1:SF, 1rain bringing winds FKLPEZDKHGLYLPEZDKHGLHHH:L, A:S1/SF, 1shadow (of people); also FKLPEZHKHGLYLPEZHKHGL HHH:L cl.7/8

FKLPEZHKHGLYLPEZHKHGLHHH:L, A:S1/SF, 1shadow (of people); also FKLPEZDKHGLYLPEZDKHGL HHH:L cl.7/8

FKLPEZLPEZLHRL, C2:H.SF, 1 swampy soil

FKLPXOD-HH:L, 9open, unfasten; sep. < FKLPD -H:L shut, fasten; also FKXPXOD -HH:L

FKLPZD-FL, 9SDVbe angry; also YLVD, YLKD; cf. VXQDOD

FKLPZHODHFL, D2:H.no H, 1 Mwera language, nature; cf.

FKLPZHPZHLL:L, D1:no H, 1joy FKLQDQGDYLQDQGDHFL, D2:H.no H, 1 bed FKLQGLQGLYLQGLQGLLRL, C1:SF, 1 head cloth FKLQGRQGHHFL, D2:H.no H, 1 Ndonde dialect, nature; cf. QQGRQGH YDQGRQGH HFL cl.1/2 Ndonde person, NXQGRQGH LH:L cl.17 lower parts of the Plateau; western direction FKLQGXOLYLQGXOLHRL, C2:H.SF, 1

cassava vegetable; cf. QWDQGDVD QFKLQGXOL LLLL LHRL type of food FKLQHPEDLRL, C1:SF, 1friendship FKLQJ¶DWLLH:L, E:S2, 1middle, in

the middle, among, between; cf. QNDWL LRL cl.18 within, in the middle, NXNDWL LRL cl.17 room

FKLQJHQJHYLQJHQJHLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 type of dance (any celebration) FKLQJRQLLRL, C1:SF, 1Ngoni

language, nature; cf. QQJRQLYDQJRQL LRL cl.1/2 Ngoni person

FKLQJXOLPEDYLQJXOLPEDLHRL, C2:H.SF, 1calf of leg; very short person

FKLQJXQJXQGDYLQJXQJXQGDLLL:L, D1:no H, 1joint (of body) FKLQJXQJZDYLQJXQJZDLH:L, E:S2, 1

calabash bottle; cf. OLQJXQJZD PDQJXQJZD LH:L cl.5/6 skin of calabash; cf. OLWLNLWLPDWLNLWL cl.5/6; cf. LQGXPEDGLQGXPED cl.9/10 FKLQJZDODQJZDQMDYLQJZDODQJZDQMD

LLLH:L, E:S2, 1type of dance (esp. initiation); also

OLQJZDODQJZDQMD

PDQJZDODQJZDQMD LLLH:L cl.5/6 FKLQMLOD-HH:L, 9jump (long); cf.

XOXND, FKLWLND, GDQJ¶D FKLQQLPDHHFL, D2:H.no H, 1

Nnima dialect; cf. PXQQLPD YDQQLPD HHFL cl.1/2 Nnima person, SDQQLPD LLRL cl.16 height, high, above

FKLQXYLQXRL, C1:SF, 1thing; cf. FKLWXNXWXNXYLWXNXWXNX cl.7/8 FKLQXPEDYLQXPEDHFL, D2:H.no H,

1calabash (for drinking beer, unfermented drink); cf. FKLWXPED YLWXPED LFL cl.7/8 gourd, calabash FKLQ\HPDYLYLQ\HPDYLLHRL,

C2:H.SF, 1puff adder FKLSDODYLSDODLRL, C1:SF, 1

smithy; nom. < SDOD V scratch, peck FKLSDQGDYLSDQGDLFL, B:S1, 1 pillar FKLSDQJDYLSDQJDLFL, B:S1, 1 tsetse fly FKLSDQMLHFL, D2:H.no H?, ,perhaps; also SDQML FL P, SDQMLND LH:L I; cf. NZDOL I FKLSHGDYLSHGDLRL, C1:SF, 1 beehive FKLSHOHLRL, C1:SF, 1rash; cf. QDPPDWD cl.9a/- FKLSHWRYLSHWRLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 sifting basket; nom. < SHWD V sift FKLSLQLYLSLQLLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1

pin’ s head in left wing of the nose (as decoration)

FKLSXODYLSXODLH:L, E:S2, 1knife; FKLSXODFKDPXWZH LHL H-RL circumcision knife, lit. knife of head FKLSXWXLRL, C1:SF, 1initiation

rites (girls)

FKLSZHQJ¶HLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1"type of food (beans with millet or rice) FKLS\DLYLS\DLLRL, C1:SF, 1

broom; nom. < S\DLOD V sweep FKLVDQJDYLVDQJDLFL, B:S1, 1

snake sp. (big, very fast, brown, white)

FKLVLQMDYLVLQMDHRL, C2:H.SF, 1 hawk sp. (black, white, attacking chickens without taking them) FKLVXNDOLLHFL, B:S1, 1banana sp.

(small)

FKLVXOXYLVXOXLFL, B:S1, 1termite hill

FKLVXPLODYLVXPLODLHFL, B:S1, 1 snake sp. (small, very poisonous, making jumping movements) FKLVZDKLOLLLRL, C1:SF, 1Swahili

cl.1/2 Swahili person

FKLVZHVZHYLVZHVZHLH:L, E:S2, 1 highest point of round roof; also FKLVZHVLYLVZHVL LH:L cl.7/8 FKLWD-H:L, 9build up (wall or hut,

from the ground); cf. GHQJD FKLWDOHYLWDOHLFL, B:S1, 1iron;

also FKLWDOLYLWDOL LFL cl.7/8 FKLWDPRLRL, C1:SF, 1"

pre-marriage procedures

FKLWHKLYLWHKLLH:L, E:S2, 1nest (of bird)

FKLWHOHNRYLWHOHNRLLRL, C1:SF, 1 pot (for cooking); nom. < WHOHND WDOHND V cook; also OLKDQMD PDKDQMD cl.5/6 FKLWHQJ¶XYLWHQJ¶XLFL, B:S1, 1 chair FKLWHWHLFL, B:S1, 1the shivers; also FKLWHWHPHGLYLWHWHPHGL LLLRL cl.7/8; cf. WHWHPD V, WHWHPHOD V shiver, tremble FKLWLND-HH:L, 9jump down; cf. XOXND, FKLQMLOD, GDQJ¶D FKLWLSXYLWLSXLFL, B:S1, 1type of dance (to remember the deceased) FKLWRNRYLWRNRLFL, B:S1, 1

testicle; also OLWRNRPDWRNR LFL cl.5/6; also LQRQJRGLQRQJR cl.9/10 FKLWRQJRYLWRQJRLRL, C1:SF, 1

penis; also FKLYRORYLYROR cl.7/8; cf. LQRQJRGLQRQJR LRL cl.9/10 testicle FKLWRQJRGLYLWRQJRGLLLRL, C1:SF, 1 language; also FKLWDQJRGL LLRL; nom. < WRQJRODWDQJROD V speak FKLWRQRQRYLWRQRQRLHH:L, A:S1/SF, 1window; also FKLWDQRQR YLWDQRQR LHH:L FKLWRZHYLWRZHLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 frog FKLWXNXWXNXYLWXNXWXNXLLHFL, E:S2, 1thing, substance, what a thing is made of; cf. FKLQXYLQX cl.7/8 thing

FKLWXPEDYLWXPEDLFL, B:S1, 1 calabash, gourd; (edible) seed: LQXPEDGLQXPED LFL cl.9/10; calabash with long neck: FKLWXPED

FKDQDQJRQJRQGLQJR LHL H-LLLRL; cf. FKLQXPEDYLQXPED HFL cl.7/8 FKLWXPELOLYLWXPELOLLHFL, B:S1, 1 monkey (Sw. tumbili) FKLWXPERYLWXPERLRL, C1:SF, 1 pregnancy, embryo; DYHQDFKLWXPER LH L-LRL she is pregnant

(Pres.Perf); FKLWXPERFKDSDQQ\LWX LHH L-LLH:L out of wedlock pregnancy, lit. embryo of the thicket FKLWXQGLYLWXQGLLRL, C1:SF, 1

yam

FKLWXQGXYLWXQGXLFL, B:S1, 1 enclosure for keeping animals; grime, soot

FKLWXQGXQLYLWXQGXQLLHRL, C2:H.SF, 1type of food (with cassava) FKLWXQGZHLL:L, D1:no H, 1anger; also FKLWXQGL LL:L cl.7/- FKLWXWDYLWXWDLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 rubbish heap FKLWXWXWXYLWXWXWXLHRL, C2:H.SF, 1 motorcycle; also PPXWXNDVLNHQLPLXWXNDVLNHQL cl.3/4 FKLWXYLYLWXYLLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 bundle (of things tied together with a cloth), load; cf. OLIXQJXPDIXQJX cl.5/6, FKLKDYLKD cl.7/8

FKLXPELLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1drizzling rains

FKLXPELYLXPELLRL, C1:SF, 1 screen (used in hunting)

FKLYDODYDODYLYDODYDODLHHH:L, A:S1/SF, 1scorpion

FKLYDQJDLRL, C1:SF, 1drought FKLYDYDYLYDYDLL:L, D1:no H, 1

haunt (of animal)

FKLYRORYLYRORLFL, B:S1, 1penis; also FKLWRQJRYLWRQJR cl.7/8 FKLZLGXKXLHFL, B:S1, 1sweat;

nom. < ZLGXKD V sweat

FKLZXOLYLZXOLLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 fireplace; also OLMLNRPDMLNR cl.5/6 FKL\HZHYL\HZHLL:L, D1:no H, 1

chin

of abuse; nom. < \RKD V abuse; cf. NXWRQJRYL\RKD LHH HFL abuse, insult, lit. speak terms of abuse FKRFKD-H:L, 9prick, pierce FKRQJD-H:L, 9converse, gossip FKXNXGXOD-HHH:L, 9squeeze skin;

cf. NDPLOD, PLQ\D, NDGD FKXPDH:L, A:S1/SF, 1musical

instrument (pieces of iron) FKXPDY\XPDH:L, A:S1/SF, 1

bead, string of beads; cf. QFKDNHWD PLFKDNHWD cl.3/4

FKXQJD-H:L, 9herd, tend; cf. RQJROHOD

FKXQLY\XQLRL, C1:SF, 1bird '

GDFKLL:L, D1:no H, ,hey, tell me!, what?; interrog. particle; in greetings: GDFKLZDDNRXPRPL L:L HRL LFH how are you?, YDFKLGDFKLYDYDQD L:H L:L HFH how are the children? GDGDPLOD-HHH:L, 9stand on toes GDKXRL, C1:SF, ,bare, naked, useless GDPLOD-HH:L, 9mount, ascend; cf.

NZHOD

GDPXH:L, ?, 1Eblood; < Sw. damu; see P\DGL cl. -/4 GDQJ¶D-H:L, 9leap; cf. FKLWLND,

FKLQMLOD, XOXND

GHND-H:L, 9walk with swagger; also QHPD

GHNHGHOD-HHH:L, 9carry load on head without touching it

GHQJD-H:L, 9build; cf. FKLWD GLGLPD-HH:L, 9cool down (itr.), be

cold; red. < GLPD -H:L extinguish; cf. SROD; cf. LWXOD, WXOLOD GLKDNDODZHLHHL:L, B:S1, 1

gravel

GLKRQLLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1shame, modesty; NZRQDGLKRQL HH HH:L be ashamed

GLKXOLLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1grey hair (of age); also LPEXOLVDGLPEXOLVD cl.9/10 GLKXPLLRL, C1:SF, 1belch; NXWD\DGLKXPL LHH HH:L to belch; cf. WXNXOD V belch GLKZL\RLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1kidney GLNDGLND-HHH:L, 9UHGtickle; also GXNXODGXNXOD -HHHHH:L GLNLGLNL-HHH:L, A:S1/SF, $small; QGLNLGLNLPLGLNLGLNL LHHH:L cl.3/4, LQGLNLGLNLGLQGLNLGLNL LHHH:L cl.9/10; also G\RNR A, DPZDQD P con.; cf. NDGLNL LRL I; predicative: same tones GLPD-H:L, 9extinguish; cf. red. GLGLPD -HH:L cool down, be cold GLPED-H:L, 9be black, be dark, be

dirty; cf. DQDSL P con. black GLPEHOHQMHLHFL, B:S1, 1

half-grown, not full-grown (e.g. tree, forest); QQ\LWXZDGLPEHOHQMH LHL H-LHFL thicket which has stopped growing before reaching maturity; also GLPEDOHQMH LHFL cl. -/10 GLPRQJRLRL, C1:SF, 1

strength, force, power; cf. PRQJR RL cl.3 back (of body)

GLQDNRLRL, C1:SF, 1buttocks GLQHPERLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 incision mark GLQJ¶DQRLRL, C1:SF, 1wisdom, intellect, understanding GLQJ¶RPEHLRL, C1:SF, 1present for a special occasion (esp. initiation); also LQXG\RGLQXG\R cl.9/10 GLQJ¶RSHGLLHFL, B:S1, 1idiocy; also GLQJ¶DSHGL LHFL cl. -/10 GLQJXGLND-HHH:L, 9coil GLQJXND-HH:L, 9go round GLQMDKDQJRLLRL, C1:SF, 1

miscarriage (stillborn child); WXYH NXGLQMDKDQJR LL HHHH:L expression for ‘we got a stillborn child’ ; cf. XNXOXKD cl.14 miscarriage GLQMXJDLRL, C1:SF, 1music

instrument (bells worn around the ankle as a chain)

GLQ\RNDLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1bracelet GLVDODPXLLRL, C1:SF, 1

RL lit. tell/give him his greetings; see LPXND V, FKL V, RPL P

GLYLND-HH:L, 9faint, collapse; cf. GXOXPEXND

GLYLOD-HH:L, 9prevent, hinder GRED-H:L, 9be tired, be hungry; cf.

LQGDOD cl.9/- hunger

GREROD-HH:L, 9pull out, uproot; also GDEROD -HH:L, \XSXOD; NXGREROD GLQJXR LHHH HH:L undress, lit. pull out clothes

GRGD-H:L, 9hammer; cf. GRGD RL cl.9b/10b dots on cheeks and between the eyes (as decoration); cf. nom. FKLGRGHORYLGRGHOR LLRL cl.9/10 hammer

GRGD RL, C1:SF, 1EEdots on cheeks and between the eyes (as decoration); cf. GRGD V hammer GRGRPD-HH:L, 9rob, take by force;

also GDGRPD -HH:L, NXWXOD, SRNRQ\ROD, SDNDQ\ROD GRNDGRND-HHH:L, 9UHGshow

oneself by a certain way of dancing GROROD-HH:L, 9cause diarrhoea GRQJ¶D-H:L, 9clap hands, catch GRYROD-HH:L, 9bore; also GDYROD

-HH:L; cf. WROROD

GRZHOD-HH:L, 9rely on (fellows) GXGXGD-HH:L, 9pulverize

GXNXOD-HH:L, 9tap, knock, beat (of heart); also SDSD; cf. red.

GXNXODGXNXOD HHHHH:L tickle GXNXODGXNXOD-HHHHH:L, 9UHG

tickle; also GLNDGLND -HHH:L GXOXPEXND-HHH:L, 9become weak

and slack; cf. GLYLND

GXPD-H:L, 9scold, rebuke; cf. GXPLOD -HH:L groan because of pain; also NDOLSD

GXPLOD-HH:L, 9groan because of pain; cf. GXPD -H:L scold; cf. JXPLOD -HH:L

G\RNR-H:L, A:S1/SF, $small; QG\RNRYDG\RNR LH:L cl.1/2 (as nouns: youth), LQ\RNRGLQ\RNR LH:L cl.9/10 (forms are without -d-); also GLNLGLNL A, DPZDQD P con.;

predicative: same tones

G\RYHOHOD-HHH:L, 9be used to, get accustomed; also G\DYHOHOD -HHH:L G\XKD-FL, 9FDXVrevive; cf. G\XND -H:L be changed G\XND-H:L, 9be changed; cf. G\XKD -FL revive ( HORRL, C1:SF, ,yes! HPDRL, C1:SF, ,or; whether...or NXYDHPD H:L...RL, lit. to be...or HQGD-H:L, 9enter; also \LQMLOD HQHFL, ?, 3$self; tones including

prefix; NPx in cl.1: PZHQH FL, PPx in other classes: ZHHQH FL cl.3, \HHQH FL cl.9; predicative: same tones HQHOHG\D-HHL:L, 9FDXVextend,

abound; caus. < HQHOHOD -HHH:L spread

HQHOHOD-HHH:L, 9spread, infect; cf. caus. HQHOHG\D -HHL:L extend HQXRL, C1:SF, 3SRVyour (pl.); tones including PPx; ZHQX RL cl.1, ZHQX RL cl.3, \HQX RL cl.9; predicative: FL tones HWXRL, C1:SF, 3SRVour; tones including PPx; ZHWX RL cl.1, ZHWX RL cl.3, \HWX RL cl.9; predicative: FL ) IXQGLVD-HFL, 9FDXVteach; < Sw. -fundisha; cf. refl. OLIXQGLVD -HHL:L learn; cf. KXQGD

*

JRQJ¶ROD-HH:L, 9push (once); also JDQJ¶ROD -HH:L; cf. KLQJLOLKD JXOXJXVD-HHL:L, 9FDXVfail (after

promise); cf. OXJXVD -HFL be loose JXPD-H:L, 9beat (with hand); cf. ?

app. > JXPLOD -HH:L groan

JXPLOD-HH:L, 9groan; ?app. < JXPD -H:L beat (with hand); cf. GXPLOD -HH:L

+

-HH:L KDKD-H:L, 9ferment; cf. KDKDPD -HH:L be fermented KDKDPD-HH:L, 9be fermented; cf. KDKD -H:L ferment KDKXOD-HH:L, 9clean; cf. NDWDSDG\D, VZHOHOD

KDND-H:L, 9hunt; cf. app. KDNLOD KDFKLOD -HH:L hunt for; cf. nom. FKLKDNRYLKDNR LRL cl.7/8 hunt KDNDODQJD-HHH:L, 9be bad, be dirty,

be worn out; also Q\DWD KDNDOLND-HHH:L, 9be busy with

affairs, act restlessly

KDNLOD-HH:L, 9hunt for; app. < KDND -H:L hunt; also KDFKLOD -HH:L KDPDWD-HH:L, 9filter, strain KDPXOLOD-HHH:L, 9comb; also

VDPXOLOD -HHH:L; cf. FKLKDPXOD YLKDPXOD LLL:L cl.7/8 comb KDQD-H:L, 9clear land for cultivation;

forge; frequently used with Pre-Final DQJ: KDQDQJD -HH:L; cf. NDQJ¶DQD, NXOXZDQ\D, OLPD KDQJ¶D-H:L, 9be confused, be anxious KDQJDODOD-HHH:L, 9rejoice; cf. WDPED, SRND

KDQJROD-HH:L, 9sharpen teeth; NXKDQJRODPHQR LHHH H:L KDQMLOD-H:L, 9cut down (millet) KDSD-H:L, 9choose; also WRQGROD KDSXND-HH:L, 9break off, terminate;

also \DPLOD, SDSDWXOD; see pass, abate

KDSXND-HH:L, 9pass, abate; cf. ass. KDSXNDQD -HHH:L separate, divorce; see break off KDSXNDQD-HHH:L, 9separate,

divorce; ass. < KDSXND -HH:L pass, abate; break off

KDWXOD-HH:L, 9disengage a trap KDXOD-HH:L, 9tell, say, speak,

explain; cf. app. KDXOLOD -HHH:L tell s.o.

KDXOLOD-HHH:L, 9tell s.o., explain, advise; app. < KDXOD -HH:L tell, say; to welcome: NXQQ\DXOLODLGD

LQJ¶DQGHNXND\D H-H-HLLH L:H HFL/HFL lit. to tell him/her come house/home(stead)

KD\D-H:L, 9grind

KHND-H:L, 9laugh; cf. FKLKHNR LRL cl.7/- laugh(ter)

KHNDL:H, C1:SF, ,but, to the contrary; KHNDYLQR L:H RL but, and now KHQJHOHOD-HHH:L, 9approach, draw

near; also YDQGLNLOD; cf. SHSHNHOD KHSD-H:L, 9pluck, gather (beans,

fruit, wild greens); FKLKHSRYLKHSR LRL cl.7/8 plucked food, e.g. fruit; cf. \ROD, KHYD

KHYD-H:L, 9gather; cf. \ROD, KHSD KLND-H:L, 9close loosely; cf. FKLPD KLNDOLOD-HHH:L, 9guard, defend KLOD-H:L, 9cease, finish

KLPDQD-HH:L, 9meet; WXQDKLPDQD LLLRL goodbye, we’ ll meet again; cf. NRG\DQD

KLPED-H:L, 9dig; harvest peanuts, all sorts of potatoes, cassava

KLQGLOD-HH:L, 9nod

KLQJD-H:L, 9bathe; cf. refl. OLKLQJD -HRL bathe oneself

KLQJLOLKD-HHL:L, 9FDXVpush (over and over again); cf. JRQJ¶ROD KLQJLQLND-HHH:L, 9be sorry; also

VLNLWLND

KLQLND-HH:L, 9cover; KLQLNLOD -HHH:L cover with (put a cover or lid on sth.); also KXQLND HH:L; cf. KXQXNXOD -HHH:L uncover KLQLNLOD-HHH:L, 9cover with (put a

cover or lid on sth.); cf. KLQLND -HH:L cover; cf. KXQXNXOD -HHH:L uncover

KLSXND-HH:L, 9sprout, shoot up; cf. Sw. -chipuka; see PHOD

KLWD-H:L, 9deny, refuse KL\D-H:L, 9kill, die; cf. ZDODOD KL\DOD-HH:L, 9be left, remain KRGLND-HH:L, 9announce arrival; say

KRGL H:L and clap hands KROD-H:L, 9thresh; harvest millet,

peas; also KXOD

break into; also KDORKD -HFL KRORND-HH:L, 9come from, come out,

appear; also KDORND -HH:L; cf. XND, KXPD, RQHND

KROROD-HH:L, 9pull (softly); also KDOROD -HH:L; cf. XWD

KRPD-H:L, 9pierce; NXKRPDQNXFKL LHH HFL to spear

KRPROD-HH:L, 9draw out, take out, bring to light; also KDPROD -HH:L; cf. NRKRPROD -HHH:L cough KRQGD-H:L, 9suck

KRQJD-H:L, 9bribe; cf. FKLKRQJDKRQJD LHHH:L I quarrelsome

KRYD-H:L, 9lack, get lost KXKXOLOD-HHH:L, 9fill in (holes) KXOD-H:L, 9thresh; harvest millet,

peas; also KROD

KXOXOD-HH:L, 9be able; defeat; neut. > KXOXOLND -HHH:L, LQDKXOXOLND LLHLRL it is possible (Non-Past, SC cl.9)

KXPD-H:L, 9come out; cf. KRORND KXPEDLOD-HHH:L, 9limp

KXPEZD-FL, 9SDVinfect (and destroy) fruit, trees

KXQD-H:L, 9ripen badly; cf. XOD, ODSDWD

KXQGD-H:L, 9teach (to behave with respect and dignity); cf. refl. OLKXQGD -HRL learn; cf. IXQGLVD teach KXQJD-H:L, 9tie, fasten, fix; cf.

SDPELOLOD

KXQLND-HH:L, 9cover; also KLQLND -HH:L; cf.KXQXNXOD -HHH:L uncover; cf. nom. OLKXQLNR PDKXQLNR LLRL cl.5/6 cover KXQLNXOD-HHH:L, 9uncover, take off

lid; also KXQXNXOD -HHH:L; sep. < KXQLND -HH:L, KLQLND -HH:L cover; cf. KLQLNLOD -HHH:L cover with

KXQXNXOD-HHH:L, 9uncover, take off lid; also KXQLNXOD -HHH:L

KXYD-H:L, 9have problems; cf. EDQLND, WXQGXZLOD

KXYLOLOD-HHH:L, 9be red; cf.

DQDKXYL P con. red

KZDH:L, 9die; tones with Infinitive marker; corpse: PXQXDKZLOH LRL HRL lit. person who died;

DQLKZLOLZDQDDQ\RNH LLHLL L HRL his mother died; cf. KDSXND; cf. DFKLKZDQJR P con. KZHHWXHRL, C2:H.SF, 3VXEVWwe; XKZHKZH LFH (emphatic) KZHQD-H:L, 9go; cf. red. KZHQDKZHQD -HHH:L walk; cf. nom. FKLKZHQLYLKZHQL LRL cl.7/8 gait KZHQDKZHQD-HHH:L, 9UHGwalk; red. < KZHQD -H:L go; cf. NZRQJD KZLND-H:L, 9arrive; also NRPROD; cf.

KZLNDQLOD -HHH:L reach KZLNDQLOD-HHH:L, 9reach; cf.

KZLND -H:L arrive; KZLNDQLODQD -HHHH:L reach one another

,

LGD-H:L, 9come; LGDQDKRWL L:L LH:L come first

LGDQD-H:L L, 9bring; lit. come with LGRSD-HH:L, 9be heavy

LKDQJRGLKDQJRLRL, C1:SF, 1 divining board; incantation (spoken by sorcerer); NXORODNXODXG\D LKDQJR LHH/L-H-LL HH:L to divine, lit. to look at/to ask them (cl.6, probably referring to ‘words’ ) the divining board

LKDWRGLKDWRLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 python; species oriented; also LKDWXGLKDWX LH:L cl.9/10;

individualized: XKDWXDKDWXXKDWR DKDWR LH:L cl.1A/2A

LKLNLGLGLKLNLGLLHFL, B:S1, 1 desire; also WDPD cl.9c/-; cf. OXNRX cl.11/-

LKLPEDGLKLPEDLFL, B:S1, 1 lion; species oriented; individualized: XKLPEDDKLPED LFL cl.1A/2A LKLQJDGLKLQJDLRL, C1:SF, 1

calabash (for storing milk) LKRPEDGLKRPEDLFL, B:S1, 1

XKRPEDDKRPED LFL cl.1A/2A LKRPHORGLKRPHORLLRL, C1:SF, 1

beam

LKRQGRGLKRQGRLRL, C1:SF, 1 stone used with firesticks

LKRQJDGLKRQJDLRL, C1:SF, 1 teat

LKRQJ¶RGLKRQJ¶RLRL, C1:SF, 1 maggot; species oriented;

individualized: XKRQJ¶RDKRQJ¶R LRL cl.1A/2A

LKXKLGLKXKLLRL, C1:SF, 1snake sp. (related to python); species oriented; individualized: XKXKLDKXKL LRL cl.1A/2A

LKXQJRGLKXQJRLH:L, E:S2, 1 genet; species oriented;

individualized: XKXQJRDKXQJR LH:L cl.1A/2A

LKXWLGLKXWLLL:L, D1:no H, 1gun LNDOD-HH:L, 9sit down, stay, live LNDQDYDLLH:L, 9ILQalthough; in

compound tenses, also possible with same SC as following verb form; lit. although it (cl.9) is (Concessive of YD be)

LNDQ\DGLNDQ\DLL:L, D1:no H, 1 FFmouth; sg. also NDQ\D L:L cl.9c

LNDYHLHL, 9ILQexcept; lit. it (cl.9) is not/has not been (Negative Perfective of YD be)

LNXWD-HH:L, 9be pregnant; also YH SDPPLOL -L HHH:L lit. be at body, YHQDFKLWXPER -H L-LRL lit. have embryo; cf. FKLWXPERYLWXPER cl.7/8; see satisfied: be

LNXWD-HH:L, 9be satisfied (food); see pregnant: be

LOD-H:L, 9repeat; also XLOD -HH:L LPD-H:L, 9refuse to give sth. to s.o. LPDNDGLPDNDLRL, C1:SF, 1cat;

species oriented; individualized: XPDNDDPDND LRL cl.1A/2A LPDPDQDGLPDPDQDLHFL, B:S1, 1

ant sp. (small, red); species oriented; individualized:

XPDPDQDDPDPDQD LHFL cl.1A/2A

LPDPEDGLPDPEDLFL, B:S1, 1 crocodile; cf. Sw. mamba; species oriented; individualized: XPDPEDDPDPED LFL cl.1A/2A; see LPEXOXGLPEXOX cl.9/10 LPDQGDGLPDQGDLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 cooked rice LPDQGHGLPDQGHLH:L, E:S2, 1 grasshopper; species oriented; individualized: XPDQGHDPDQGH LH:L cl.1A/2A

LPED-H:L, 9sing

LPEDLGLPEDLLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 bee sp.; species oriented;

individualized: XPEDLDPEDL LH:L cl.1A/2A

LPEDOXGLPEDOXLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 bamboo

LPEDQJRGLPEDQJRLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 wild pig; species oriented; individualized: XPEDQJRDPEDQJR LH:L cl.1A/2A

LPEHGRGLPEHGRLRL, C1:SF, 1 axe

LPEHOHNHKRGLPEHOHNHKRLHHL:L, B:S1, 1hole (through sth.); also LPHQ\DGLPHQ\D cl.9/10

LPEH\XGLPEH\XLFL, B:S1, 1 seed

LPERNRGLPERNRLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 louse; species oriented; individualized: XPERNRDPERNR LH:L cl.1A/2A

LPERZDGLPERZDLRL, C1:SF, 1 vegetable

LPEXGLGLPEXGLLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 goat; species oriented; individualized: XPEXGLDPEXGL LH:L cl.1A/2A

LPEXODGLPEXODLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 rain

LPEXOLVDGLPEXOLVDLHFL, B:S1, 1 grey hair (of age); also GLKXOL cl. -/10

LPEXOXNXWDGLPEXOXNXWDLLHRL, C2:H.SF, 1butterfly; species oriented; individualized:

XPEXOXNXWDDPEXOXNXWD LLHRL cl.1A/2A

LPEXQWXLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1early rains

LPEXWXNDGLPEXWXNDLLRL, C1:SF, 1 antelope sp. (klipspringer); species oriented; individualized: XPEXWXNDDPEXWXND LLRL cl.1A/2A

LPEZHGLPEZHL:L, D1:no H, 1 cataract (of the eye)

LPEZLOLPEZLQGLGLPEZLOLPEZLQGL LLHRL, C2:H.SF, 1termite sp. (small winged, not edible); species oriented; individualized:

XPEZLOLPEZLQGLDPEZLOLPEZLQGL LLHRL cl.1A/2A

LPHPEHGLPHPEHLH:L, E:S2, 1 fly; species oriented; individualized: XPHPEHDPHPEH LH:L cl.1A/2A LPHQHGLPHQHLRL, C1:SF, 1

pigeon-pea

LPHQ\DGLPHQ\DLL:L, D1:no H, 1 hole (through sth.); also LPEHOHNHKRGLPEHOHNHKR cl.9/10 LPHSRLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1air (cold) LPHWHGLPHWHLRL, C1:SF, 1flash of light LPLDGLPLDLH:L, ?, 1FFhundred; < Sw. mia; sg. also PLD H:L cl.9c; also PDNXPLOLNXPL LHH LRL N6 + N5 LPLOD-HH:L, 9stand LPLOLSLOLGLPLOLSLOLLHHL:L, B:S1, 1 pepper LPLQGDGLPLQGDLRL, C1:SF, 1 knuckle of suger cane

LPLQGLGLPLQGLLRL, C1:SF, 1 knockly part of the stem of a maize plant

LPXGLPXRL, C1:SF, 1spirit, demon (Sw. jini)

LPXND-HH:L, 9rise, get up; cf. LPXOD -HH:L; morning greeting:

XYHQNZLPXND LLLHFH; greet them:

YDXG\HFKLYDLPZLNHQHOR LLL LHHLL RL lit. ask them how they rose today

LPXNXVDGLPXNXVDLHFL, B:S1, 1 calabash seed (edible); cf. QNDNDKLPEDPLNDNDKLPED cl.3/4 LPXOD-HH:L, 9awake; cf. LPXND

-HH:L

LPXODGLPXODLRL, C1:SF, 1nose LPXQGDGLPXQGDLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1

dove; species oriented; individualized: XPXQGDDPXQGD LH:L cl.1A/2A

LPXQGXGLPXQGXLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 bald patch on the head; NXPRZD LPXQGX LHH HH:L to get a clear head

LPZHGRGLPZHGRLRL, C1:SF, 1 pea

LQDPELOLGLQDPELOLLHFL, B:S1, 1 partridge; species oriented; individualized: XQDPELOLDQDPELOL LHFL cl.1A/2A

LQGDODLRL, C1:SF, 1hunger; be hungry: NZRQDLQGDOD HH HH:L lit. feel hunger, YHQDLQGDOD -H L-LRL lit. be with hunger (Pres.Perf. of YD be); cf. GRED V be hungry

LQGDXGLQGDXLRL, C1:SF, 1type of ointment (perfumed) LQGHDFKDLQGHH:L/LHH:L, ?, 1$ centipede sp. LQGHJHGLQGHJHLRL, C1:SF, 1 plane LQGLODGLQGLODLRL, C1:SF, 1 path, road LQGRQJDGLQGRQJDLFL, B:S1, 1 heavy stick, cudgel

LQGRQJRGLQGRQJRLFL, B:S1, 1 hunting stick

LQGRQ\DGLQGRQ\DLL:L, D1:no H, 1 lip-plug (in upper lip)

LQGRZDGLQGRZDLRL, C1:SF, 1 marriage; cf. Sw. ndoa; see XORPEL PDORPEL cl.14/6

LQGXGLQGXL:L, D1:no H, 1 groundnut

calabash bottle (small, implement of divination); cf. OLWLNLWLPDWLNLWL cl.5/6, FKLQJXQJZDYLQJXQJZD cl.7/8 LQGXQGDGLQGXQGDLRL, C1:SF, 1

type of drum (small)

LQGXYDGLQGXYDLRL, C1:SF, 1 flower, blossom; cf. OLXZDPDXZD, OLZXZDPDZXZD cl.5/6

LQHPEHGLQHPEHLRL, C1:SF, 1 calf; species oriented; individualized: XQHPEHDQHPEH LRL cl.1A/2A LQHPERGLQHPERLFL, B:S1, 1

elephant; species oriented;

individualized: XQHPERDQHPER LFL cl.1A/2A

LQHWHGLQHWHLL:L, D1:no H, 1 grass sp.

LQJ¶D-H:L, 9give (to s.o.); cf. XVD give, display, show

LQJ¶DPEHGLQJ¶DPEHLFL, B:S1, 1 tortoise; species oriented; individualized: XQJ¶DPEHDQJ¶DPEH LFL cl.1A/2A

LQJ¶DPERGLQJ¶DPERLH:L, E:S2, 1 other side (e.g. of river, valley), beyond; SDQJ¶DPER LH:L cl.16 Mozambique

LQJ¶DQGHGLQJ¶DQGHLH:L, E:S2, 1 house; augm.: OLNDQGHPDNDQGH LH:L cl.5/6; also LQ\XPED

GLQ\XPED cl.9/10; cf. OLEDQGD PDEDQGD cl.5/6

LQJ¶DQJDGLQJ¶DQJDLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 guinea-fowl; species oriented; individualized: XQJ¶DQJDDQJ¶DQJD LH:L cl.1A/2A

LQJ¶DQ\DLFL, B:S1, 1cause, reason; court case, debt; LQJ¶DQ\D \D LFL (H-...) because (of), LQJ¶DQ\DQWZDQL LLH HFL why, lit. what kind of reason; cf. PDLND I, OL\RQJRPD\RQJR cl.5/6

LQJ¶DYDQJDGLQJ¶DYDQJDLHFL, B:S1, 1dog; species oriented; individualized: XQJ¶DYDQJD DQJ¶DYDQJD LHFL cl.1A/2A LQJ¶RKDGLQJ¶RKDLH:L, E:S2, 1 digging stick LQJRNZDGLQJRNZDLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 stone of mango LQJ¶RNZHGLQJ¶RNZHLL:L, D1:no H, 1 storage of produce; cf. OLNXQJZL PDNXQJZL cl.5/6

LQJ¶ROHGLQJ¶ROHLRL, C1:SF, 1 dance

LQJ¶RPEHGLQJ¶RPEHLRL, C1:SF, 1 cow; species oriented;

individualized: XQJ¶RPEHDQJ¶RPEH LRL cl.1A/2A

LQJ¶RQGRGLQJ¶RQGRLFL, B:S1, 1 quarrel, war

LQJ¶RQGRGLQJ¶RQGRLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 lizard sp. (big, living on land); species oriented; individualized: XQJ¶RQGRDQJ¶RQGR LH:L cl.1A/2A LQJRQGRORGLQJRQGRORLLRL, C1:SF, 1

sheep; species oriented; individualized: XQJRQGROR DQJRQGROR LLRL cl.1A/2A

LQJRQJRGLQJRQJRLH:L, E:S2, 1 forest (area with many trees) LQJ¶RRGLQJ¶RRLRL, C1:SF, 1

banana; often heard as LQJ¶RZR GLQJ¶RZR LRL; also LQJ¶RXGLQJ¶RX LRL

LQJ¶XNXGLQJ¶XNXLFL, B:S1, 1 chicken; species oriented;

individualized: XQJ¶XNXDQJ¶XNX LFL cl.1A/2A

LQJ¶XOXQJXGLQJ¶XOXQJXLLRL, C1:SF, 1round stone (for smoothening surfaces, e.g. pots)

LQJXOXYHGLQJXOXYHLLRL, C1:SF, 1 pig; species oriented;

individualized: XQJXOXYHDQJXOXYH LLRL cl.1A/2A

LQJXPELGLQJXPELLFL, B:S1, 1 termite sp. (winged); species oriented; individualized: XQJXPELDQJXPEL LFL cl.1A/2A

LQJ¶XQGHGLQJ¶XQGHLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 bean sp.; LQJ¶XQGH\DFKLPDKH GLQJ¶XQGHG\DFKLPDKH LHL H-LH:L the small species, lit. female bean(s)

A:S1/SF, 1bed bug; species oriented; individualized:

XQJ¶XQJ¶XQLDQJ¶XQJ¶XQL LHH:L cl.1A/2A

LQJXQMDGLQJXQMDLFL, B:S1, 1 red soil (used as building material); also FKLNXQGDYLNXQGD cl.7/8 LQJXRGLQJXRLRL, C1:SF, 1 clothing LQJ¶XYDGLQJ¶XYDLFL, B:S1, 1 lightning LQJZDPEDGLQJZDPEDLL:L, D1:no H, 1hoe (big) LQJZDQJZDODWLGLQJZDQJZDODWL LHHH:L, A:S1/SF, 1dog sp. (digging up corpses); species oriented; individualized: XQJZDQJZDODWLDQJZDQJZDODWL LHHH:L cl.1A/2A; QQJZDQJZDODWL YDQJZDQJZDODWL LHHH:L cl.1/2 killer, savage person

LQJ¶ZDSDGLQJ¶ZDSDLH:L, E:S2, 1 armpit

LQLNLOD-HHH:L, 9set a trap LQLQMLGLQLQMLHRL, C2:H.SF, 1

pumpkin seed

LQMDODKXGLQMDODKXLHH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 ant sp. (big, red); species oriented; individualized: XQMDODKX DQMDODKX LHH:L cl.1A/2A LQMHOHGLQMHOHLFL, B:S1, 1maize cob LQMHQMHPDGLQMHQMHPDLHRL, C2:H.SF, 1mosquito; species oriented; individualized: XQMHQMHPD DQMHQMHPD LHRL cl.1A/2A LQMLQJDGLQMLQJDLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1

bicycle; also EDVLNHOLGLEDVLNHOL cl.9c/10c

LQMLQMLGLQMLQMLLL:L, D1:no H, 1 type of fence

LQMLSDOD-HHH:L, 9be short; also LSLND; cf. DQDQMLSL P con. short LQMLSLND-HHH:L, 9be sufficient, be

(with) many, be available; cf. NRORG\D, WDQMLOD

LQRQGZDGLQRQGZDLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 star

LQRQJRGLQRQJRLRL, C1:SF, 1 testicle; also OLWRNRPDWRNR cl.5/6, FKLWRNRYLWRNR cl.7/8; cf. FKLWRQJRY LWRQJR LRL cl.7/8 penis

LQRQRGLQRQRLFL, B:S1, 1dorsal muscle

LQXG\RGLQXG\RLL:L, D1:no H, 1 present for a special occasion (esp. initiation); nom. < WXG\D V offer present for a special occasion; also GLQJ¶RPEH cl. -/10 LQXPEDWLLHFL, B:S1, 1"traditional powder LQXQGDGLQXQGDLH:L, E:S2, 1 ankle LQXQJXGLQXQJXLFL, B:S1, 1 navel LQXWDGLQXWDLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 ant sp. (red); species oriented; individualized: XQXWDDQXWD LH:L cl.1A/2A

LQ\DPDGLQ\DPDLRL, C1:SF, 1 meat

LQ\DPERLH:L, E:S2, 1syphilis LQ\DQJDGLQ\DQJDLFL, B:S1, 1

hawk sp. (big, striking colours); species oriented; individualized: XQ\DQJDDQ\DQJD LFL cl.1A/2A LQ\DQMDGLQ\DQMDLL:L, D1:no H, 1

plume on top of maize plant LQ\DWLGLQ\DWLLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1

buffalo; species oriented;

individuaized: XQ\DWLDQ\DWL LH:L cl.1A/2A

LQ\HGLGLQ\HGLLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 snail; species oriented; individualized: XQ\HGLDQ\HGL LH:L cl.1A/2A LQ\HKHGLQ\HKHLFL, B:S1, 1

flock of birds

thirsty: NZRQDLQ\RWD HH HH:L lit. feel thirst, YHQDLQ\RWD -H L-LH:L lit. be with thirst (Pres.Perf. of YD be); cf. \XPD V be thirsty LQ\XFKLGLQ\XFKLLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1

honey-bee; species oriented; individualized: XQ\XFKLDQ\XFKL LH:L cl.1A/2A

LQ\XNXGXPEDGLQ\XNXGXPED LLHRL, C2:H.SF, 1soldier ant; species oriented; individualized: XQ\XNXGXPEDDQ\XNXGXPED LLHRL cl.1A/2A

LQ\XPEDGLQ\XPEDLH:L, E:S2, 1 house; cf. Sw. nyumba; see LQJ¶DQGHGLQJ¶DQGH cl.9/10; cf. OLEDQGDPDEDQGD cl.5/6

LQ\XPEXGLQ\XPEXLRL, C1:SF, 1 tail (implement of divination) LQ\XQGRGLQ\XQGRLRL, C1:SF, 1

hammer; cf. Sw. nyundo; see FKLGRGHORYLGRGHOR cl.7/8

LQ\XQJ¶XQ\XQJ¶XGLQ\XQJ¶XQ\XQJ¶X LHHH:L, A:S1/SF, 1wrist LSD-H:L, 9cut grass

LSLND-HH:L, 9be short; also LQMLSDOD; cf. DQDQMLSL P con. short; cf. SHSL I near

LVDOD-HH:L, 9stay behind; cf. LVDOLOD -HHH:L remain

LVDOLOD-HHH:L, 9remain; cf. LVDOD -HH:L stay behind

LVXQJXGLVXQJXLFL, B:S1, 1 spirit, heart, soul

LVXQJXODGLVXQJXODLHRL, C2:H.SF, 1 hare; species oriented;

individualized: XVXQJXODDVXQJXOD LHRL cl.1A/2A

LVXQJXODGLVXQJXODLHRL, C2:H.SF, 1 poles

LVXYLGLVXYLLFL, B:S1, 1leopard; species oriented; individualized: XVXYLDVXYL LFL cl.1A/2A

LWHVRGLWHVRLRL, C1:SF, 1FFadze LWXOD-HH:L, 9cool down (tr.); cf.

GLGLPD, SROD, WXOLOD LYD-H:L, 9steal - MDSDQLGLMDSDQLHFL/LHFL, B:S1, 1 FFtype of clothing .

NDED-H:L, 9press tight, squeeze; also EDQD; cf. WRKD NDFKDNDFKD-HHH:L, 9UHGrustle (in shrubs); cf. ZD\D NDGD-H:L, 9squeeze, massage; cf. NDPLOD, PLQ\D, FKXNXGXOD NDGDPED-HH:L, 9step in NDGLNLLRL, C1:SF, ,few, a bit; cf. GLNLGLNL -HHH:L A small; QDKRWL NDGLNL LHL LRL presently NDKZLYLWXKZLYLLH:L, E:S2, 1 not yet full-grown chicken

NDODRL, C1:SF, ,formerly, the past; also WDQJX I

NDODOD-HH:L, 9be bitter; NXNDODOD LVXQJX LHHH HFL cruel spirit (reply to question “ how are you” ; reply in Sw.: mambo mabaya)

NDODPXND-HHH:L, 9be clever, be cunning

NDODQJD-HH:L, 9fry; cf. Sw. kaanga; see QDQXKD; refl. > OLNDODQJD -HLRL be troubled by sun and heat NDODYD-HH:L, 9wash (hands);

NXNDODYDPPDNRQR HHH HHH:L lit. wash in hands

NDOHZD-HFL, 9SDVget drunk; also NHOHZD -HFL

NDOLSD-HH:L, 9scold, rebuke; also GXPD

NDPD-H:L, 9get tied, curdle; cf.NDPDWD -HH:L mould, NDPXOD -HH:L seize, NDPLOD -HH:L squeeze NDPDVD-HFL, 9FDXVgreet; greet

older people by clapping with cupped hands and say VLDP LL:L; cf. GLVDODPX cl.10, LPXND, FKL, RPL H:L P, GDFKL LL I

NDPDWD-HH:L, 9mould; cont. < NDPD -H:L get tied; cf. XPED, PXQ\D

recognize; QLNDNDPHND LHHL:L I don’ t know (Neg.Pres.), QLNDNDPHNH LHLH:L I don’ t understand (Neg.Perf.); cf. PDOD NDPLOD-HH:L, 9squeeze; cf. NDPD -H:L get tied; cf. PLQ\D, NDGD, FKXNXGXOD NDPXOD-HH:L, 9seize; cf. NDPD -H:L get tied; NXQNDPXOD XPZHQ\H H-H-HLL HH:L to be made headman, lit. to seize him for chiefhood

NDQGD-H:L, 9make completely straight, knead; cf. Q\RND, XGXOD NDQGLND-HH:L, 9be rotten NDQGLOD-HH:L, 9eat fish or meat NDQGLOLGLNDQGLOLLFL/LLFL, E:S2, 1

FFlamp

NDQJD-H:L, 9be scattered abroad NDQJDGLNDQJDRL/LRL, C1:SF, 1

FFpiece of cloth (worn by women); cf. Sw. kanga

NDQJDQD-HH:L, 9be astonished, be surprised; also neut. > NDQJDQLND -HHH:L; also ODSD NDQJ¶DQD-H:L, 9hoe (a field); cf. NXOXZDQ\D, KDQD, OLPD NDQ\DGLNDQ\DL:L/LL:L, D1:no H, 1 FFmouth; sg. also LNDQ\D LL:L cl.9c NDWDSDG\D-HHL:L, 9FDXVprepare, arrange, put in order, clean; caus. < NDWDSDOD -HHH:L be good, beautiful NDWDSDG\D-HHL:L, 9FDXVdecorate;

also OHPED; see prepare NDWDSDOD-HHH:L, 9be good, be

beautiful; cf. DPERQH P con. good; cf. caus. > NDWDSDG\D -HHL:L prepare, arrange, put in order, clean; cf. FKLNDWDSHOH LLHFL V fin. good, fine, beautiful

NDYLODLH:L, A:S1/SF?, ,again; also NXYLOD LH:L; cf. YLOL -RL A two; cf. XYLOD LFL thus, so, as follows ND\DGLND\DH:L/LH:L, E:S2, 1FF

homestead, village; cf. NXPD\D\D LLL:L cl.17

NHGHNHGD-HHH:L, 9be troubled

NHOHZD-HFL, 9SDVget drunk; also NDOHZD -HFL

NLPELOD-HH:L, 9drink; also NXPELOD -HH:L

NRFKD-H:L, 9poke into

NRGLG\D-HFL, 9FDXVfind; app. < NRG\D -FL meet, come across, find NRGROD-HH:L, 9circumcise; also

NDGROD -HH:L; cf. \DOXND, QQJDOLEDYDQJDOLED cl.1/2 s.o. who circumcises

NRG\D-FL, 9FDXVboil, put on fire; also \DXNLG\D, FKHPXVD boil; cf. \DXOD, \DXNLOD, WRNRWD, WLQLKD; see meet

NRG\D-FL, 9FDXVmeet, come across, find; ass.> NRG\DQD -HFL meet each other; app.> NRGLG\D -HFL find; see boil

NRG\DQD-HFL, 9meet each other; ass. < NRG\D -FL meet; WXQDNRG\DQD LLLL:L goodbye, we’ ll meet again; cf. KLPDQD

NRG\RND-HH:L, 9vomit; also NDG\RND -HH:L, WDSLND NRKRPROD-HHH:L, 9cough; also

NDKDPROD -HHH:L; cf. NXPXOD NRNDH:L, A:S1/SF?, ,then, finally, at

the end; if; cf. XND V go away, come from

NROD-H:L, 9do, receive (sth. out of s.o.’ s hand); be sharp; cf. WHQGD NROHG\D-HFL, 9FDXVkindle fire; also

NXPEDQ\D

NRORG\D-HFL, 9FDXVbe enough, be sufficient; also NDORG\D -HFL; cf. LQMLSLND

NRORPD-HH:L, 9snore

NRORYD-HH:L, 9stir; cf. Sw. koroga; cf. NRORZDQ\D, SLQGLNXODQ\D NRORZDQ\D-HHL:L, 9FDXVturn

round, stir (e.g. in making cassava porridge); cf. SLQGLNXODQ\D, NRORYD NRPD-H:L, 9bring to an end

NRPEROD-HH:L, 9redeem; also NDPEROD -HH:L

NRPHOD-HH:L, 9drive in (e.g. a nail) NRPRG\D-HFL, 9FDXVbe hard, be

difficult; also NDPRG\D -HFL, QRQRSD

NRPROD-HH:L, 9arrive; also NDPROD -HH:L, KZLND

NRQGD-H:L, 9flourish

NRQJ¶RQD-HH:L, 9strike, beat hard NRQJRSDOD-HHH:L, 9be old (of

people); also NDQJDSDOD -HHH:L, NRQJD -H:L; cf. NRPDOD; cf. DWDQJX P con. old, DFKLQ\DNDOD P con. old, of past

NRQJRYHOD-HHH:L, 9crow (cock); also NDQJDYHOD -HHH:L

NRQLG\D-HFL, 9FDXVshut eyes; cf. NRQD -H:L to sleep

NRQ\HOD-HH:L, 9poke up, put more wood on fire

NRYD-H:L, 9dish out food (with ladle) NRYHND-HH:L, 9hang (up); cf. sep. >

NRYRNROD -HHH:L take down sth. hanging (e.g. dried clothing) NRYRNROD-HHH:L, 9take down sth.

hanging (e.g. dried clothing); sep. < NRYHND -HH:L hang up; also NDYDNROD -HHH:L NXFKLH:H, 9ILQthat (Compl.); cf. FKL say; also NXFKLGRQR HHRL NXFKLGRQRHHRL, 9ILQthat (Compl.); cf. FKL say; also NXFKL H:H NXFKLKDQ\DLLL:L, D1:no H, 1 doctor’ s place NXNDWLLRL, C1:SF, 1room; cf. FKLQJ¶DWL LH:L cl.7 middle, in the middle, between, QNDWL LRL within, in the middle

NXOD-H:L, 9grow, grow up; cf. Sw. -kua; see NXOXPXND -HHH:L NXOHKXLH:L, E:S2, $far; NXOHKX

QDNXND\DNZHWX LHL L-LLH RL far from our home(stead); cf. OHKX -H:L A long, tall, high, PZDOHKX LFL I directly

NXOXKD-HFL, 9FDXVhave

miscarriage; cf. nom. XNXOXKD LHFL

cl.14 miscarriage; cf. GLQMDKDQJR cl. -/10; to miscarry: NXYHOHND

PZDQDQNX\D LHHH FL-LFL lit. bear a child-return

NXOXPXND-HHH:L, 9grow, grow up; also NXOD -H:L

NXOXQJZD-HFL, B:S1, $big; QNXOXQJZDYDNXOXQJZD LHFL cl.1/2 (as nouns: elder),

QNXOXQJZDPLNXOXQJZD LHFL cl.3/4, LQJ¶XOXQJZDGLQJ¶XOXQJZD LHFL cl.9/10; cf. WXPEXOD V be big, be fat; predicative: same tones NXOXSLG\D-HHL:L, 9FDXVraise s.o.’ s

hopes; caus. < NXOXSLOD -HHH:L trust s.o., hope

NXOXSLOD-HHH:L, 9trust, hope; also NXOXSLOLOD -HHHH:L; cf. caus. NXOXSLG\D -HHL:L raise s.o.’s hopes NXOXYD-HH:L, 9glide, trickle, slide

along (esp. water through a channel) NXOXZDQ\D-HHL:L, 9FDXVhoe (a

cleared area); cf. NDQJ¶DQD, KDQD, OLPD

NXO\DPEDLH:L, E:S2, 1dawn; cf. XO\DPED HRL cl.14 morning, SDO\DPED LH:L cl.16 day after tomorrow; cf. FKD V dawn, XPDPEXPEX cl.14 early in the morning

NXPDQJDLRL, C1:SF, 1coast; eastern direction; cf. FKLPDQJD LRL cl.7/- Swahili language, nature NXPD\D\DLLL:L, D1:no H, 1

village; cf. ND\DGLND\D cl.9c/10c NXPED-H:L, 9cheat

NXPEDQJD-HH:L, 9incite

NXPEDQ\D-HFL, 9FDXVkindle fire; also NROHG\D

NXPELOD-HH:L, 9drink; also NLPELOD -HH:L

NXPEXNLOD-HHH:L, 9remember, think

NXPEXOD-HH:L, 9invite; inform NXPEXVD-HFL, 9FDXVremind NXPHKRLH:L, E:S2, 1face,

PX\R cl.18

NXPLOD-HH:L, 9swallow NXPLVDWLLLL:L, D1:no H, 1

graveyard

NXPXOD-HH:L, 9cough with force, groan; cf. NRKRPROD

NXQGDJDODLLL:L, D1:no H, 1 initiation place (bush)

NXQGDQLOD-HHH:L, 9share; cf. NXQGDQ\D -HFL mix, collect together

NXQGDQ\D-HFL, 9FDXVmix, collect together, add; cf. NXQGDQLOD -HHH:L share

NXQGRQGHLH:L, E:S2, 1lower parts of Plateau; western direction (and land located there); cf. QQGRQGH YDQGRQGH HFL cl.1/2 Ndonde person, FKLQGRQGH HFL cl.7 Ndonde dialect, nature

NXQJD-H:L, 9collect, gather together NXQJXOXND-HHH:L, 9talk, converse;

also ORQMHOD NXQJXPLND-HHH:L, 9respect, obey; cf. OLPXND NXQMD-H:L, 9fold; cf. Sw. -kunja NXSXOD-HH:L, 9singe NXWD-H:L, 9cry; cf. OLOD

NXWXOD-HHH:L, 9rob, take by force; also GRGRPD, SRNRQ\ROD, SDNDQ\ROD

NXYD-H:L, 9draw a line

NXYDOD-HH:L, 9stub oneself (esp. toe) NXYLODLH:L, A:S1/SF?, ,again; also

NDYLOD LH:L I; cf. YLOL -RL A two; cf. XYLOD LFL thus, so, as follows NXZD-H:L, 9pluck (fowl)

NZDFKLRL, C1:SF, ,where; question phrase-finally: FH NZDFKL FH; cf. FKL V say

NZDNLHH-, 3at one’s place; followed by a name of a person, title or kinship term: NZDNLPDULDPX HH LLH:L at Mariamu’ s; cf. NZDQJD

NZDOLH:L, A:S1/SF?, ,perhaps, maybe, I don’ t know; probably an old form derived from an irregular verb `to be’ which consists of a locative prefix

followed by OL, cf. SDOL -H:L V; cf. SDQML P

NZDPD-H:L, 9urinate

NZDQJD-H:L, 9scrape off, peel; cf. SDODWD, SXNXVXOD

NZDQJDHH-, 3at the persons’ place; followed by names of persons, titles or kinship terms (of more than one person): NZDQJDYDQWDQGD HH HHFL at the Vantanda’ s; cf. NZDNL NZHOD-H:L, 9climb, ascend; cf.

GDPLOD

NZLFKDNZLFKD-HHH:L, 9UHG sharpen (knife); cf. WHPD NZLQD-H:L, 9be erect

/

ODGXND-HH:L, 9be flat (of taste) ODG\D-FL, 9FDXVspread, lay down;

caus. < ODOD -H:L lie down; cf. YLND ODJD-H:L, 9be afflicted, be

discomforted; cf. ODJDVD -HFL afflict; cf. EDQLND

ODJDVD-HFL, 9FDXVafflict; cf. ODJD -H:L be afflicted, EDQD

ODLOD-HH:L, 9take leave of, bid farewell

ODOD-H:L, 9lie down, go to bed; also GDPD; cf. caus. ODG\D -FL spread, lay down; OLGLOLODOD RL LH:L not being able to speak, lit. the voice which lies down

ODOHKD-HFL, 9FDXVbe sweet (taste) ODPD-H:L, 9recover; live/exist long;

cf. caus. ODP\D -FL cure; cf. nom. XODPD LH:L cl.14 life; cf. act.-pos. ODPDOD -HH:L be handicapped; cf. NRPDOD, NRQJRSDOD

ODPDOD-HH:L, 9be handicapped; act.-pos. < ODPD -H:L recover ODPED-H:L, 9lick

ODPELOD-HH:L, 9deceive, lie; cf. refl. OLODPELOD -HLRL pretend

ODP\D-FL, 9FDXVcure; caus. < ODPD -H:L recover

ODQJD-H:L, 9rear, breed, keep in confinement

ODQJXOD -HH:L

ODQJXG\D-HFL, 9FDXVshow; cf. XVD ODQJXOD-HH:L, 9be light; also

ODQJDOD -HH:L ODQLND-H:L, 9curse

ODSD-H:L, 9be astonished, be surprised; also NDQJDQD

ODSDWD-HH:L, 9ripen; cf. XOD, KXQD ODSLOLOD-HHH:L, 9kill at a distance

(witchcraft) ODXND-HH:L, 9turn

ODYDQ\D-HFL, 9FDXVlie; cf. QDQNDODYDQ\DDFKDQDQNDODYDQ\D LLLLFL/LHLLLLFL cl.1a/2A+ liar OHJH\D-HH:L, 9be loose; cf. Sw.

legea; also ODJH\D -HH:L; see OXJXVD

OHKX-H:L, E:S2, $long, tall, high; QQHKXPLOHKX LH:L cl.3/4, LQGHKX GLQGHKX LH:L/E cl.9/10; cf. NXOHKX QD LH:L (L) far (from), PZDOHKX LFL I directly; predicative: same tones

OHND-H:L, 9leave, leave behind, stop doing sth.; QJXOHND LLL nor, lit. I stop (doing it); cf. OHNHOHOD -HHH:L omit, neglect, OHNDQLOD -HHH:L be different

OHNDQLOD-HHH:L, 9be different; cf. OHND -H:L leave, OHNHOHOD -HHH:L omit, neglect

OHNHOHOD-HHH:L, 9omit, neglect, leave (in a certain condition); app.+ app. < OHND -H:L leave; cf. OHNDQLOD -HHH:L be different

OHOD-H:L, 9rear (a child) OHOHND-HH:L, 9be obedient OHPED-H:L, 9decorate; also

NDWDSDG\D; see get ripe, put medicine..., write

OHPED-H:L, 9ripen (of papaya, mango, not of banana); see put medicine..., decorate, write OHPED-H:L, 9write; also \DQGLND;

see get ripe, put medicine..., decorate OHPED-H:L, 9put medicine on wound

with finger; see get ripe, decorate, write

OHPEHOD-HH:L, 9want, like, desire, wish, look for; also ODPEHOD -HH:L; cf. WDPZD; app. OHPEHOHOD -HHH:L look for; welcome: QDNXOHPEHOD XLGHNXND\D LLLLL LLL HFL lit. I wish you to come home

OHPEHOHOD-HHH:L, 9look for; also ODPEHOHOD -HHH:L; app. < OHPEHOD -HH:L want, like, etc., look for; cf. WDKD, OROHKD

OHPEXOD-HH:L, 9mock, ridicule, gossip

OHPZD-FL, B:S1, $idle; QQHPZD PLOHPZD LFL cl.3/4, LQGHPZD GLQGHPZD LFL cl.9/10; cf. nom. XOHPZD LFL cl.14 idleness, laziness; cf. OLVLQJD V be idle; predicative: same tones

OHQJD-H:L, 9slice; harvest (cassava) OHSD-H:L, 9be long; also OHSHOHOD

-HHH:L, ODSHOHOD -HHH:L; cf. OHKX -H:L A long, tall

OHYD-H:L, 9fail, make mistake, miss OLEDGDQJ¶DPDEDGDQJ¶DLHFL, B:S1,

1head (esp. of animals)

OLEDNDPDEDNDLRL, C1:SF, 1wall OLEDQGDPDEDQGDLRL, C1:SF, 1

house (big, with square roof); cf. LQJ¶DQGHGLQJ¶DQGH cl.9/10, LQ\XPEDGLQ\XPED cl.9/10 OLELEXPDELEXLRL, C1:SF, 1 cashew apple OLERQJRPDERQJRLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 foetus OLEXGDPDEXGDLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 field (without yield)

OLEXGDPDEXGDLFL, B:S1, 1cheek OLEXODQJHWLPDEXODQJHWLLLLH:L,

E:S2, 1blanket

OLFKHKHPDFKHKHLRL, C1:SF, 1 type of storage of produce (plaited of grass)

OLFKHODPDFKHODLFL, B:S1, 1 harvest time; also QFKHODPLFKHOD LFL cl.3/4

OLFKHOHODPDFKHOHODLLRL, C1:SF, 1 wildcat sp.

protect against evil

OLFKLQGDFKLQGDPDFKLQGDFKLQGD LHHH:L, A:S1/SF, 1young child OLFKLQJDPDFKLQJDLFL, B:S1, 1

mountain

OLFKXQJZDPDFKXQJZDLFL, B:S1, 1 orange

OLGD-FL, B:S1, 3which; DOLGD LFL cl.1, XOLGD LFL cl.3, LOLGD LFL cl.9; question phrase-finally: FH; predicative: same tones

OLGDPELPDGDPELLRL, C1:SF, 1 worn piece of clothing

OLGHQJRPDGHQJRLRL, C1:SF, 1 work; cf. GHQJD V build; NXWHQGD OLGHQJRPDGHQJR LHH HH:L to work, lit. to do work

OLGLPDOLGLRL/LRL, C1:SF, 1 voice

OLGLOD-HRL, 9UHIOscream (until exhaustion); cf. Q\RNRQ\D OLGLQJLORPDGLQJLORLLRL, C1:SF, 1

rope for building OLGRRL, C1:SF, 1yesterday OLGXYDPDGXYDLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1

sun, day (daytime); OLGXYDNXVZD LHL H:L all day long

OLHQJD-HRL, 9UHIOcongeal

OLIXQGLVD-HHL:L, 9UHIOFDXVlearn; < Sw. -jifundisha; refl. < IXQGLVD -HFL teach; see OL\HG\D; cf. OLKXQGD OLIXQJXPDIXQJXLFL, B:S1, 1

bundle, bunch; cf. Sw. fungu; see FKLWXYLYLWXYL cl.7/8, FKLKDYLKD cl.7/8

OLJRPDPDJRPDLRL, C1:SF, 1 drum; cf. Sw. ngoma

OLJXPDPDJXPDLH:L, E:S2, 1 field which has not been cultivated in the right way

OLJZDPEXPDJZDPEXLFL, B:S1, 1 banana bark

OLKD-FL, 9FDXVfeed, make eat; also OLVD -FL; caus. < O\D eat

OLKDKDPDQJDPDKDKDPDQJDLLLRL, C1:SF, 1hair (of back)

OLKDKLPDKDKLLRL, C1:SF, 1 leaves of maize cob

OLKDODPDKDODLRL, C1:SF, 1field which has been cultivated twice in succession

OLKDODZHPDKDODZHLLL:L, D1:no H, 1 anvil

OLKDPEDPDKDPEDLRL, C1:SF, 1 leaf; cf. QDPDKDPED LHFL cl.1a snake sp. (big, green)

OLKDPHPDKDPHLH:L, E:S2, 1 abandoned homestead

OLKDQJDKLLLRL, C1:SF, 1"white soil

OLKDQJDZLODLHHL:L, B:S1, 1" crowd of celebrating people; SDOLKDQJDZLOD LLHHL:L cl.16+5 place of gathering during celebrations OLKDQMDPDKDQMDLL:L, D1:no H, 1

pot (for cooking); also FKLWHOHNR YLWHOHNR, FKLWDOHNRYLWDOHNR cl.7/8 OLKLFKLPDKLFKLLRL, C1:SF, 1

stump, trunk of a fallen tree OLKLNXPDKLNXLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1

day (24 h); also OLVLNXPDVLNX LH:L cl.5/6

OLKLQGDPDKLQGDLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 honey comb

OLKLQGLOLPDKLQGLOLLHFL, B:S1, 1 cooking stone

OLKLQJD-HRL, 9UHIObathe oneself; refl. < KLQJD -H:L bathe

OLKL\HPDKL\HLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 locust; also

OLSDODQJXODPDSDODQJXOD cl.5/6, QDPSDODQJXOD cl.1a

OLKRPHKRH:L, A:S1/SF, 1eye; sg. also OLVR H:L; evil eye: OLKR

OXNXOXQJZD HL LHFL, lit. big eye, OLKRO\DNXPDZHOX HL H-LLH:L lit. eye of outside OLKRKRPDKRKRLFL, B:S1, 1 wild-dog (Sw. mbwamwitu) OLKRNDPDKRNDLRL, C1:SF, 1 spirit (ancestral) OLKRQJDPDKRQJDLH:L, E:S2, 1 wooden arrow OLKRQJRPDKRQJRLH:L, E:S2, 1 arrow shaft

full name: QWDPDZDOLKRQMH LHL H-LH:L

OLKRQ\RPDKRQ\RLFL, B:S1, 1 ant-hill

OLKXODPDKXODLH:L, E:S2, 1rag OLKXQGD-HRL, 9UHIOlearn (to behave

with respect and dignity); refl. < KXQGD -H:L teach; cf. OL\HG\D, OLIXQGLVD

OLKXQGHPDKXQGHLRL, C1:SF, 1 cloud

OLKXQLNRPDKXQLNRLLRL, C1:SF, 1 cover; nom. < KXQLND V cover OLKXWDPDKXWDLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1

oil; sg. used for oil from animals OLKZDQJ¶DQLG\D-HHLL:L, 9

UHIOFDXVsmear; also OLSDNDOD OLMDPDQGDPDMDPDQGDLLFL, E:S2, 1

sifting basket (round, small) OLMLNRPDMLNRLRL, C1:SF, 1

fireplace; cf. Sw. jiko; see FKLZXOLYLZXOL cl.7/8 OLND-H:L, 9be worn out

OLNDEXOLPDNDEXOLLHFL, B:S1, 1 grave; < Sw. kaburi; see

OLWHPEHPDWHPEH cl.5/6

OLNDKLPDNDKLLFL, B:S1, 1outer covering (of trees (= bark), plants, animals); OLNDKLO\¶XQ\HGL LHL HH:L snail shell

OLNDODPDNDODLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 charcoal

OLNDODODPDNDODODLHFL, B:S1, 1 sifting basket (long)

OLNDODQJD-HLRL, 9UHIOget hold of oneself

OLNDPEDQJRKLPDNDPEDQJRKL LLHRL, C2:H.SF, 1bark of Christmas tree

OLNDQGHPDNDQGHLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 sleeping mat; also OLNDQGL PDNDQGL LH:L cl.5/6; cf. O\DPEL PDO\DPEL cl.5/6+

OLNDQGRPDNDQGRLRL, C1:SF, 1 unfermented beer (start of final stage in preparation of beer)

OLNDQJDODPDNDQJDODLLRL, C1:SF, 1 ceiling

OLNDVDXOD-HHLRL, 9UHIOwash private parts (women)

OLNRFKRPDNRFKRLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 type of trap (rope, to trap bigger animals)

OLNRORLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1"mother, i.e. having given birth (esp. animals) OLNRQGHPDNRQGHLRL, C1:SF, 1

desert area (without water); cf. PPDNRQGHYDPDNRQGH LHFL cl.1/2 Makonde person, FKLPDNRQGH LHFL cl.7 Makonde language, nature OLNRQJ¶ZHPDNRQJ¶ZHLL:L, D1:no H, 1pumpkin sp. (watery) OLNRWHPDNRWHLRL, C1:SF, 1dip (in terrain) OLNRZHPDNRZHLRL, C1:SF, 1 partridge sp. OLNXODPELODLLLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 type of food (rice with watery pumpkin sp.)

OLNXOHPDNXOHLFL, B:S1, 1rat; sg. also QNXOH LFL cl.3

OLNXOXNXOXPDNXOXNXOXLHHH:L, A:S1/SF, 1field which has been cultivated more than three times in succession; (cultivation usually ends after four crops)

OLNXPEDWXPDNXPEDWXLLRL, C1:SF, 1foot

OLNXPELPDNXPELLRL, C1:SF, 1 initiation rites (boys)

OLNXPELODPDNXPELODLHFL, B:S1, 1 water lemon; cf. NXPELOD V drink

OLNXPLPDNXPLLRL, C1:SF, 1ten; PDNXPLPDYLOL LHH LRL twenty, PDNXPLOLNXPL LHH LRL hundred OLNXQGLPDNXQGLLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1

crowd, company, group; cf. Sw. kundi; see OLNXZDPDNXZD cl.5/6 OLNXQJZDPDNXQJZDLL:L, D1:no H,

1type of drum (big); dance (to remember the deceased)

type of drum (big, esp. used at boy’ s initiation)

OLNXWXPDNXWXLRL, C1:SF, 1ear OLNXWXNXWXPDNXWXNXWXLLHFL, E:S2,

1mischievous child; also OLYHOXPDYHOX cl.5/6

OLNXZDPDNXZDLFL, B:S1, 1 crowd, company, group; also OLNXQGL PDNXQGL cl.5/6

OLNZDQGDPDNZDQGDLRL, C1:SF, 1 scar

OLNZDWLPDNZDWLLRL, C1:SF, 1 leaves of maize plant

OLNZLNZLPDNZLNZLLRL, C1:SF, 1 eyebrow

OLOD-H:L, 9cut navel string; cry OLODODPDODODLRL, C1:SF, 1wild

date tree

OLODPELOD-HLRL, 9UHIOpretend; refl. < ODPELOD -HH:L deceive; cf. WZHVD OLODQJDPDODQJDLRL, C1:SF, 1

wasteland (grass, few trees) OLODXOD-HRL, 9UHIOeat first products

of new crop

OLODYD-HRL, 9UHIOget up early OLOHKDPDOHKDLRL, C1:SF, 1

feather, hair (on legs)

OLOHPDPDOHPDLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 bat OLOHQJDPDOHQJDLRL, C1:SF, 1 stem OLORGDPDORGDLRL, C1:SF, 1 wildcat sp. OLORPEHPDORPEHLH:L, E:S2, 1 maize OLORQMHGLPDORQMHGLLLRL, C1:SF, 1 saying; nom. < ORQMHOD V talk, converse

OLORYHPDORYHLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 word; cf. QDPDORYH LHRL cl.9a echo OLOXQGLPDOXQGLLH:L, E:S2, 1

knee

OLOXWXPDOXWXLFL, B:S1, 1rat sp. OLOZHGRPDOZHGRLH:L, E:S2, 1

earthworm

OLPD-H:L, 9cultivate; cf. nom. QNXOLPDYDNXOLPD LHFL cl.1/2 farmer; cf. NDQJ¶DQD, KDQD,

NXOXZDQ\D

OLPEHQGHPDPEHQGHLH:L, E:S2, 1 skin

OLPELG\D-HFL, 9FDXVforbid, refuse s.o.

OLPHL:L, D1:no H, 1dew

OLPXND-HH:L, 9behave with respect, dignity; cf. NXQJXPLND

OLQDPDOLQDH:L/LH:L, B:S1, 1 name

OLQDGLPDQDGLLH:L, E:S2, 1skin of coconut

OLQGD-H:L, 9wait

OLQGLPD-HH:L, 9make a loud noise; thunder; cf. YDOXOD

OLQGLPXND-HHH:L, 9begin, start; cf. WDQGLOLND

OLQGXQ\DPDQGXQ\DLH:L, E:S2, 1 blunt cutting tool

OLQJD-H:L, 9try, attempt

OLQJRQJRPDQJRQJRLL:L, D1:no H, 1 type of fence OLQJRWLPDQJRWLLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 type of QGLPX dance OLQJXQJZDPDQJXQJZDLH:L, E:S2, 1 skin of calabash; cf. FKLQJXQJZD YLQJXQJZD LH:L cl.7/8 OLQJXQJZHPDQJXQJZHLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1bow; also XSLQGHPDSLQGH cl.14/6

OLQJXSDPDQJXSDLRL, C1:SF, 1 centipede sp.

OLQJZDODQJZDQMDPDQJZDODQJZDQMD LLLH:L, E:S2, 1type of dance (esp. initiation); also

FKLQJZDODQJZDQMD YLQJZDODQJZDQMD LLLH:L cl.7/8 OLQJZDQJXODPDQJZDQJXODLLFL, E:S2, 1lizard OLQJZHOHPDQJZHOHLH:L, E:S2, 1 monkey (Sw. nyani)

OLQRPHQRH:L, A:S1/SF, 1tooth OLQRKDPDQRKDLFL, B:S1, 1liver OLQRZD-HRL, 9UHIObe proud of

oneself, boast; refl. < QRZD -H:L be sweet, pleasant

OLSD-H:L, 9pay

OLSDGDQJRPDSDGDQJRLLRL, C1:SF, 1door post

OLSDKXPDSDKXLRL, C1:SF, 1 lungs

OLSDNDOD-HLRL, 9UHIOsmear; also OLKZDQJ¶DQLG\D

OLSDODQJXODPDSDODQJXODLLLRL, C1:SF, 1locust; nom. < SDODQJXOD V hop; also

QDPSDODQJXOD LLLLRL cl.1a; also OLKL\HPDKL\H cl.5/6 OLSDPEDPDSDPEDLH:L, E:S2, 1 fear, doubt OLSDSDPDSDSDLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 potsherd OLSDSDLPDSDSDLLHFL, B:S1, 1 papaya OLSDWHODPDSDWHODLLFL, E:S2, 1 brown snake sp. (big, colours white, black and yellow)

OLSHODPDSHODLFL, B:S1, 1guava OLSHOHNRPDSHOHNRLLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1

medicine; nom. < SHOHND V do witchcraft; cf. QWHODPLWHOD cl.3/4 OLSHOHSHQGHPDSHOHSHQGHLHHH:L, A:S1/SF, 1grass sp. OLSHOHSHQGHPDSHOHSHQGHLHHH:L, A:S1/SF, 1cockroach OLSHQHVLPDSHQHVLLLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 jack-fruit OLSHQJDPDSHQJDLH:L, E:S2, 1 horn, whistle; NZRPEDOLSHQJD HH HFL to blow the horn

OLSLNXPDSLNXLRL, C1:SF, 1type of QGLPX dance

OLSLOLPDSLOLLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 adder

OLSLQGD-HRL, 9UHIOcrouch; refl. < SLQGD -H:L bend

OLSLQGLPDSLQGLLRL, C1:SF, 1 loin-cloth

OLSLQMLLRL, C1:SF, 1half, part, portion

OLSLQMLPDSLQMLLHL, A:S1/SF, 1 banana tree; no lengthening of penultimate vowel

OLSLWLKXPDSLWLKXLLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1

stomach

OLSRQGRPDSRQGRLRL, C1:SF, 1 hole (in sth., e.g. in the ground) OLSRVDPDSRVDLL:L, D1:no H, 1

snuff (of tobacco); cf. WRQD V take a snuff (tobacco) OLSRWHPDSRWHLFL, B:S1, 1boil, abscess OLSXKLPDSXKLLRL, C1:SF, 1 millet ear OLSXQJRLRL, C1:SF, 1wind; cf. SXQJD V blow (of wind); also PSDSDPLSDSD cl.3/4

OLSXWLODPDSXWLODLLFL, E:S2, 1 type of trap (rope, to trap small bush animals)

OLSZHOHOD-HLRL, 9UHIObe restless, feel uncomfortable; also OLSZDOHOD -HLRL

OLS\DQGDPDS\DQGDLFL, B:S1, 1 afterbirth

OLVDQMHPDVDQMHLRL, C1:SF, 1 musical instrument (tin with stone isnide and stick pierced through) OLVLQJD-HRL, 9UHIOremain idle; cf.

OHPZD A idle

OLVXYHOHLHFL, B:S1, 1measles OLWDPEDPDWDPEDLFL, B:S1, 1

bean sp. (big)

OLWDPEZHPDWDPEZHLL:L, D1:no H, 1fog, mist, haze

OLWDQGDPDWDQGDLFL, B:S1, 1 lake, pool; cf. FKLKXNRYLKXNR cl.7/8 OLWDQGHKXPDWDQGHKXLHFL, B:S1, 1

bee sp.

OLWDQJ¶XQLORPDWDQJ¶XQLORLHHH:L, A:S1/SF, 1molar tooth; cf. WDQJ¶XQD V chew

OLWDQRPDWDQRLRL, C1:SF, 1lid (of pot)