A grammar of Makonde (Chinnima, Tanzania) Kraal, Pieter J.

Kraal, Pieter J.

Citation

Kraal, P. J. (2005, October 20). A grammar of Makonde (Chinnima, Tanzania). Retrieved from

https://hdl.handle.net/1887/4271

Version:

Corrected Publisher’s Version

License:

Licence agreement concerning inclusion of doctoral thesis in the

_{Institutional Repository of the University of Leiden}

Downloaded from:

https://hdl.handle.net/1887/4271

&

(QJOLVK±&KLQQLPD



DEGXFWLRQ(of a woman) OLWZDOD PDWZDODLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 DEOHEHdefeat KXOXOD-HH:L, 9 DERYH➙ top DEXVHinsult; frighten \RKD-FL, 9 FDXV DEXVHWHUPRIFKL\RKDYL\RKDLH:L, E:S2, 1 DFFHSW➙ love DFFRPSDQ\ORQJDQD-HH:L, 9 DFFRPSOLVK➙ finish DGG➙ mix DGGHUOLSLOLPDSLOLLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1  DGXOWHU\XJRQLLRL, C1:SF, 1 DGYLVH➙ tell s.o.

DG]HLWHVRGLWHVRLRL, C1:SF, 1FF DG]HWHVRGLWHVRRL/LRL, C1:SF, 1

FF

DIIOLFWODJDVD-HFL, 9FDXV DIIOLFWoppress EDQD-H:L, 9 DIIOLFWHGEHbe discomforted ODJD

-H:L, 9

DIWHU➙ behind; ➙ backwards DIWHUELUWKOLS\DQGDPDS\DQGDLFL, B:S1, 1 DIWHUZDUGVlater OXNRWRHFL, B:S1, 1  DJDLQNDYLODLH:L, A:S1/SF?, , DJDLQNXYLODLH:L, A:S1/SF?, , DJHPDWHfriend QQ\HQMHYD\HQMHLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 DJHPDWHFHUHPRQ\(of elders) FKLNXGL YLNXGLLRL, C1:SF, 1 DJUHHWDPZDQD-HFL, 9 DJUHH\DPEXNLOD-HHH:L, 9 DJUHHRQPDUULDJHbetween man and

parents WDPD-H:L, 9 DLP➙ hunt (with a sling)

DLU(cold) LPHSRLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 DORQHon one’s own ZHNDRL, C1:SF, , DORQJQQ\HQMHLH:L, E:S2, 1 DOVRlikewise, therefore QDSDQDQJ¶R

LLH:L, E:S2?, ,

DOWHUturn around, stir (e.g. in making cassava porridge) SLQGLNXODQ\D -HHLL:L, 9FDXV

DOWHUSODQcancel \DZHOD-HH:L, 9 DOWKRXJKLNDQDYDLLH:L, 9ILQ DPRQJ➙ middle

DPXOHW(Sw. hirizi) QNRYDPLNRYDLFL, B:S1, 1

DPXOHW(Sw. talasimu) OXEDGLOLGLEDGLOL LHRL, C2:H.SF, 1F

DQFHVWRU➙ grandparent DQGwith QDL, ,

DQGVRaccordingly, well, enough!, stop it!, be it so! EDKLRL, C1:SF, , DQGVRaccordingly, well, enough!, stop

it!, be it so! QDQRH:L, A:S1/SF?, , DQJHUFKLWXQGZHLL:L, D1:no H, 1 DQJU\EHFKLPZD-FL, 9SDV DQJU\EHYLKD-FL, 9FDXV DQJU\EHYLVD-FL, 9FDXV DQLPDOQNRNRYDNRNRLFL/LH:L, B:S1/E:S2, 1 DQNOHLQXQGDGLQXQGDLH:L, E:S2, 1  DQQR\EDQLKD-HFL, 9FDXV DQVZHU\DQJ¶XOD-HH:L, 9 DQWsp. (big, red) LQMDODKXGLQMDODKX

LHH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 DQWsp. (big, red) XQMDODKXDQMDODKX

LHH:L, A:S1/SF, 1$$ DQWsp. (red) LQXWDGLQXWDLH:L,

DQWsp. (red) XQXWDDQXWDLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1$$ DQWsp. (small, red) LPDPDQDGLPDPDQD LHFL, B:S1, 1 DQWsp. (small, red) XPDPDQDDPDPDQD LHFL, B:S1, 1$$ DQWVROGLHULQ\XNXGXPED GLQ\XNXGXPEDLLHRL, C2:H.SF, 1  DQWVROGLHUXQ\XNXGXPED DQ\XNXGXPEDLLHRL, C2:H.SF, 1 $$ DQWKLOOOLKRQ\RPDKRQ\RLFL, B:S1, 1 

DQWHORSHsp. (klipspringer) LPEXWXND GLPEXWXNDLLRL, C1:SF, 1 DQWHORSHsp. (klipspringer) XPEXWXND

DPEXWXNDLLRL, C1:SF, 1$$ DQXVQFKRQ\RPLFKRQ\RLFL, B:S1, 1  DQYLOOLKDODZHPDKDODZHLLL:L, D1:no H, 1 DSDUW➙ beside DSSHDUbe visible RQHND-HH:L, 9 DSSODXGrecommend sth. ORPEROHOD -HHH:L, 9

DSSURDFKdraw near KHQJHOHOD -HHH:L, 9

DSSURDFKdraw near YDQGLNLOD -HHH:L, 9 DUHD➙ land DUJXHWDKXNDQD-HHH:L, 9 DUP➙ hand DUPSLWLQJ¶ZDSDGLQJ¶ZDSDLH:L, E:S2, 1 DUUDQJH➙ prepare DUULYDODQQRXQFHKRGLND-HH:L, 9 DUULYHKZLND-H:L, 9 DUULYHNRPROD-HH:L, 9

DUURZ(small, not being sharp pointed, for hitting birds) QNZDODPLNZDOD LRL, C1:SF, 1

DUURZ(with iron) PXPEDP\XPEDH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 DUURZEDUEOLYDQXPDYDQXLRL, C1:SF, 1 DUURZVKDIWOLKRQJRPDKRQJRLH:L, E:S2, 1 DUURZZRRGHQOLKRQJDPDKRQJD LH:L, E:S2, 1

DVlike PDOLQJDLH:L, A:S1/SF?, , DVlike PXFKLL:L, D1:no H, , DVFHQG➙ mount, climb DVKHVOLXRL, C1:SF, 1 DVN(question) XG\D-FL, 9FDXV DVNIRUpray \XZD-H:L, 9 DVVHPEO\court OXNXPELGLQJ¶XPEL LL:L, D1:no H, 1 DVVLVW➙ help DVWRQLVKHGEHbe surprised NDQJDQD -HH:L, 9

DVWRQLVKHGEHbe surprised ODSD-H:L, 9 DWRQH¶VSODFHNZDNLHH-, 3 DWWKHSHUVRQV¶SODFHNZDQJDHH-, 3 DWWHQG➙ hear DXQW(father’s sister) DPDWLLRL, C1:SF, 1$

DYDLODEOHEH➙ noticeable: be, ➙ sufficient: be

DYDULFLRXVEHgive small things FKLGD -H:L, 9 DYRLGQ\HPD-H:L, 9 DZDNHLPXOD-HH:L, 9 D[HLPEHGRGLPEHGRLRL, C1:SF, 1  % EDFN(of body) PRQJRP\RQJRRL, C1:SF, 1 EDFNZDUGVafter SDQ\XPDLRL, C1:SF, 1 EDGEHbe dirty Q\DWD-H:L, 9 EDGEHbe dirty, be worn out

KDNDODQJD-HHH:L, 9

EDJELJPSDWLODPLSDWLODLHFL, B:S1, 1

EDOGSDWFKon the head LPXQGX GLPXQGXLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 EDPERRLPEDOXGLPEDOXLH:L,

A:S1/SF, 1

EDQDQDLQJ¶RRGLQJ¶RRLRL, C1:SF, 1 

EDQDQDsp. (big) PDJRPERLFL, B:S1, 1

E:S2, 1

EDQDQDsp. (small) FKLVXNDOLLHFL, B:S1, 1 EDQDQDsp. (small) QMDJDVLLHFL, B:S1, 1 EDQDQDEDUNOLJZDPEXPDJZDPEX LFL, B:S1, 1 EDQDQDIORZHUOLWXQJXWXQJX PDWXQJXWXQJXLHHH:L, A:S1/SF, 1  EDQDQDWUHHOLSLQMLPDSLQMLLHL, A:S1/SF, 1 EDUHnaked, useless GDKXRL, C1:SF, , EDUN➙ covering: outer

EDUNof Christmas tree OLNDPEDQJRKL PDNDPEDQJRKLLLHRL, C2:H.SF, 1  EDUNFORWKOLZRQGRPDZRQGRLRL, C1:SF, 1 EDUUHO(of gun) QWXWXPLWXWXLFL, B:S1, 1 EDUUHQJURXQGFKLGZDGZDLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1

EDVNLQWKHVXQsit close to a fire \RWD -H:L, 9

EDVNHWFKLNDSXYLNDSXLFL, B:S1, 1 

EDVNHWtype of (big) FKLKDSRYLKDSR LH:L, A:S1/SF, 1

EDVNHWtype of (huge, tall)

OLWHQJDPDWHQJDLRL, C1:SF, 1 EDVNHWtype of (small) XWLQJRLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 EDWOLOHPDPDOHPDLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1  EDWKHKLQJD-H:L, 9

EDWKHoneself OLKLQJD-HRL, 9UHIO EHSDOL-H:L, 9LUU

EHYDH:L, 9

EHsomewhere SDZD-FL, 9SDV EHDGQFKDNHWDPLFKDNHWDLLL:L, D1:no

H, 1

EHDGstring of beads FKXPDY\XPD H:L, A:S1/SF, 1 EHDN➙ sting EHDPLKRPHORGLKRPHORLLRL, C1:SF, 1 EHDQsp. LQJ¶XQGHGLQJ¶XQGHLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1

EHDQsp. (big) OLWDPEDPDWDPEDLFL, B:S1, 1

EHDQSODQWsp. (Sw. mfiwi) QQHXOH PLOHXOHLHRL, C2:H.SF, 1 EHDUIUXLWspring up SDH:L, 9 EHDUGFKLOHXYLOHXLRL, C1:SF, 1 EHDWhit, slap SDQ\D-H:L, 9 EHDW(with hand) JXPD-H:L, 9 EHDWDGUXPfire a gun, blow a horn,

flute RPED-H:L, 9

EHDWDGUXPfire a gun, blow a horn, flute ZRPED-H:L, 9 EHDXWLIXOEH➙ good: be EHGFKLQDQGDYLQDQGDHFL, D2:H.no H, 1 EHGEXJLQJ¶XQJ¶XQLGLQJ¶XQJ¶XQL LHH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 EHGEXJXQJ¶XQJ¶XQLDQJ¶XQJ¶XQL LHH:L, A:S1/SF, 1$$

EHHsp. LPEDLGLPEDLLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 

EHHsp. OLWDQGHKXPDWDQGHKXLHFL, B:S1, 1

EHHsp. XPEDLDPEDLLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 $$ EHHKRQH\LQ\XFKLGLQ\XFKLLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 EHHKRQH\XQ\XFKLDQ\XFKLLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1$$ EHHSRLVRQOXYRRGLPERR"LH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 EHHKLYHFKLSHGDYLSHGDLRL, C1:SF, 1  EHHUZDODPDZDODH:L/LH:L, A:S1/SF, 1

EHOFKGLKXPLLRL, C1:SF, 1 EHOFK➙ full: be very (of food) EHOO\PXQGDL:L, D1:no H, 1 EHORZPXKLQDLH:L, E:S2, 1 EHOW➙ bridewealth EHQGSLQGD-H:L, 9 EHUHDYHGperson QDQQLGLHHL:L, D2:H.no H, 1D" EHVLGHaside, apart SDQ\HQMHLH:L, E:S2, 1 EHWZHHQ➙ middle ELF\FOHEDVLNHOLGLEDVLNHOL HHL:L/LHHL:L, B:S1, 1FF ELF\FOHLQMLQJDGLQMLQJDLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 ELJNXOXQJZD-HFL, B:S1, $ ELJEH➙ fat: be (esp. animals) ELQGsth. with a rope, tie rope around

sth. WDYD-H:L, 9 ELUGFKXQLY\XQLRL, C1:SF, 1 ELUGVIORFNRILQ\HKHGLQ\HKHLFL, B:S1, 1 ELUWKJLYHQ\DNXOD-HH:L, 9 ELUWKJLYHYHOHND-HH:L, 9 ELWHOXPD-H:L, 9 ELWHRIIEDGXOD-HH:L, 9 ELWHRIIEHGXOD-HH:L, 9 ELWWHUEHNDODOD-HH:L, 9 EODFNDQDSLHH:L, 3FRQ EODFNEHbe dark, be dirty GLPED

-H:L, 9

EODGGHUbubble, lather FKLKXOXYLKXOX LH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 EODQNHWOLEXODQJHWLPDEXODQJHWL LLLH:L, E:S2, 1 EOLQGSHUVRQDNDORODYDNDORODLHFL, 9 ILQ EOLVWHUOLWXNXPDWXNXLRL, C1:SF, 1  EORRGGDPXH:L, ?, 1E EORRGP\DGLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 EORRGGLVHDVH(visible by rash on skin)

OZDGLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 EORZ(of wind) SXQJD-H:L, 9 EORZDKRUQflute ➙ beat a drum; ➙

horn, whistle; ➙ flute EORZWKHQRVHSHQJ¶D-H:L, 9 EORZXSYHKD-FL, 9FDXV EOXQWFXWWLQJWRROOLQGXQ\DPDQGXQ\D LH:L, E:S2, 1 ERDVWOLWDSD-HRL, 9UHIO ERDVWWDSD-H:L, 9 ERG\PPLOLPLPLOLLRL, C1:SF, 1 ERLOFKHPXVD-HFL, 9FDXV ERLO\DXNLG\D-HHL:L, 9FDXV ERLOabscess OLSRWHPDSRWHLFL, B:S1, 1 ERLO(itr.) \DXNLOD-HHH:L, 9 ERLO(itr.) \DXOD-HH:L, 9 ERLOput on fire NRG\D-FL, 9FDXV ERLOEULQJWRWKH(QNRMR, first stage in

the preparation of beer) WLQLKD-HFL, 9FDXV

ERLOHGEH➙ cooked: become

EROWbar; be end of sth. FKLGLND-HH:L, 9 ERQHOLZDQJZDPDZDQJZDLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 ERUGHUOLQHGUDZFKLND-H:L, 9 ERUHGRYROD-HH:L, 9

ERUHa hole WROROD-HH:L, 9 ERUQEHYHOHNZD-HFL, 9SDV ERUURZ\DGLND-HH:L, 9

ERXQGDU\(e.g. between two fields) QNXNDPLNXNDLFL, B:S1, 1 ERZOLQJXQJZHPDQJXQJZHLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 ERZXSLQGHPDSLQGHLH:L, E:S2, 1  ERZOdeep dish QNXQJXPLNXQJXLFL, B:S1, 1

ER\(after initiation) QQ\DOXNHYD\DOXNH LHFL, D2:H.no H, 1

ER\(before initiation) QQHPEDYDQHPED LRL, C1:SF, 1 EUDFHOHWGLQ\RNDLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1  EUDLQXWRWROLLHH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 EUDLQXWXWXOLLHH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 EUDQFKOXWDYLGLQDYLLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1  EUDQFKDVSURWHFWLRQagainst becoming wet QQ\DKDPXOLORPLKDKDPXOLOR LHHHH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 EUHDN(itr., big things, e.g. tree)

EUHDN(tr., big things) WXPEXOD-HH:L, 9

EUHDN(itr., small things, e.g. utensils) OXPXND-HH:L, 9

EUHDN(tr., small things, e.g. utensils) OXPXOD-HH:L, 9 EUHDNRIIa piece PH\D-H:L, 9 EUHDNRIIterminateKDSXND-HH:L, 9 EUHDVW(female) OLYHOHPDYHOHLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 EUHDWKSXPXOD-HH:L, 9 EUHHG➙ rear EULEHKRQJD-H:L, 9 EULGHZHDOWKPDORPERLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 EULGHZHDOWKbelt QNDNDLFL, B:S1, 1 " EULQJLGDQD-H:L L, 9 EURNHQWKLQJpotsherd OL\RQMRPD\RQMR LH:L, E:S2, 1 EURRPFKLS\DLYLS\DLLRL, C1:SF, 1  EURWKHU➙ sibling EURWKHULQODZsister-in-law QQDPX YDODPXLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 EUXLVHZDXND-HH:L, 9 EXIIDORLQ\DWLGLQ\DWLLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1  EXIIDORXQ\DWLDQ\DWLLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 $$ EXLOGGHQJD-H:L, 9

EXLOGXS(wall or hut, from the ground) FKLWD-H:L, 9

EXOJHswell out WXSD-H:L, 9 EXQGOHbunch OLIXQJXPDIXQJXLFL,

B:S1, 1

EXQGOH(of things tied together with a cloth), load FKLWXYLYLWXYLLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1

EXQGOHRIJUDVVFKLKDYLKDRL, C1:SF, 1

EXUQ(of fire) ➙ shine

EXUQXSscoop water XS\D-H:L, 9 EXUQWEH➙ scorched: be EXU\VLND-H:L, 9 EXU\\DKD-H:L, 9 EXVLQHVVZDSLZDSLLLFL, ?, 1 EXV\ZLWKDIIDLUVEHact restlessly KDNDOLND-HHH:L, 9

EXWto the contrary KHNDL:H, C1:SF, , EXWWHUIO\LPEXOXNXWDGLPEXOXNXWD LLHRL, C2:H.SF, 1 EXWWHUIO\XPEXOXNXWDDPEXOXNXWD LLHRL, C2;H.SF, 1$$ EXWWRFNVGLQDNRLRL, C1:SF, 1 EX\VXPD-H:L, 9 &

FDFNOH(of chicken producing an egg) WHWHOD-HH:L, 9

FDODEDVKbottle (small, implement of divination) LQGXPEDGLQGXPEDLFL, B:S1, 1

FDODEDVK(for drinking beer, unfermented drink) FKLQXPED YLQXPEDHFL, D2:H.no H, 1 FDODEDVK(for eating) OXNDVXGLQJ¶DVX

LFL, B:S1, 1

FDODEDVK(for storing beer) QQXVX PLOXVXLRL, C1:SF, 1 FDODEDVK(for storing milk) LKLQJD

GLKLQJDLRL, C1:SF, 1 FDODEDVK(for taking up liquids, esp.

water) PZDRP\DRRL, C1:SF, 1 FDODEDVKgourd FKLWXPEDYLWXPED LFL, B:S1, 1 FDODEDVKERWWOHFKLQJXQJZDYLQJXQJZD LH:L, E:S2, 1 FDODEDVKERWWOHOLWLNLWLPDWLNLWLLHFL, B:S1, 1 FDODEDVKSODQWOXWLNLWLGLQLNLWLLHFL, B:S1, 1 FDODEDVKVHHG(edible) LPXNXVD GLPXNXVDLHFL, B:S1, 1 FDODEDVKVHHG(edible) QNDNDKLPED PLNDNDKLPEDLHHFL, D2:H.no H, 1  FDODEDVKVNLQRIOLQJXQJZD PDQJXQJZDLH:L, E:S2, 1 FDOILQHPEHGLQHPEHLRL, C1:SF, 1  FDOIXQHPEHDQHPEHLRL, C1:SF, 1 $$ FDOOFKHPD-H:L, 9 FDQFHO➙ alter plan

1

FDUPPXWXNDPLXWXNDLHFL, B:S1, 1 

FDUHRIWDNHRGD-H:L, 9 FDUU\Q\DNXOD-HH:L, 9

FDUU\give birth \DNXOD-HH:L, 9 FDUU\ORDGon head without touching it

GHNHGHOD-HHH:L, 9 FDUYHYHGD-H:L, 9 FDVHcourt➙ cause FDVKHZDSSOHOLELEXPDELEXLRL, C1:SF, 1 FDVVDYDPPRJRP\RJRLFL/FL, B:S1, 1 FDVVDYDGULHGSLHFHVRIPDNDNDLFL, B:S1, 1 FDVVDYDYHJHWDEOHFKLQGXOLYLQGXOL HRL, C2:H.SF, 1 FDWLPDNDGLPDNDLRL, C1:SF, 1 FDWXPDNDDPDNDLRL, C1:SF, 1$$ FDWDUDFW(of the eye) LPEZHGLPEZH

L:L, D1:no H, 1 FDWHUSLOODUOLYDYLPDYDYLLH:L,

A:S1/SF, 1

FDXVHreason; court case, debt LQJ¶DQ\D LFL, B:S1, 1 FHDVHfinish KLOD-H:L, 9 FHLOLQJOLNDQJDODPDNDQJDODLLRL, C1:SF, 1 FHQWLSHGHsp. LQGHDFKDLQGH H:L/LHH:L, ?, 1$ FHQWLSHGHsp. OLQJXSDPDQJXSDLRL, C1:SF, 1 FKDIIPDNDQDLFL, B:S1, 1 FKDLUFKLWHQJ¶XYLWHQJ¶XLFL, B:S1, 1 

FKDQJHVNLQpeel OL\XYD-HRL, 9UHIO FKDQJHGEHG\XND-H:L, 9 FKDUFRDOOLNDODPDNDODLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 FKDVHDZD\WXPXOD-HH:L, 9 FKDVHDZD\YLQJD-H:L, 9 FKDVHDZD\YLQJDQJD-HH:L, 9 FKHDWNXPED-H:L, 9 FKHHNOLEXGDPDEXGDLFL, B:S1, 1 FKHVWFKLKXYDYLKXYDLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1  FKHZWDQJ¶XQD-HH:L, 9

FKHZ(e.g. tobacco) ZLOD-H:L, 9 FKLFNHQLQJ¶XNXGLQJ¶XNXLFL, B:S1, 1



FKLFNHQXQJ¶XNXDQJ¶XNXLFL, B:S1, 1 $$

FKLFNHQnot yet full-grown NDKZLYL WXKZLYLLH:L, E:S2, 1 FKLHIWDLQF\(traditional) XPZHQ\HLRL, C1:SF, 1 FKLOGPZDQDYDQDFL, C2:H.SF, 1 FKLOG\RXQJOLFKLQGDFKLQGD PDFKLQGDFKLQGDLHHH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 FKLOGKRRGZDQDFL, C2:H.SF, 1 FKLQFKL\HZHYL\HZHLL:L, D1:no H, 1  FKRRVHKDSD-H:L, 9 FKRRVHWRQGROD-HH:L, 9 FKRSSHUPXXQGXP\XXQGXLFL, E:S2, 1

FKU\VDOLV(stage between caterpillar and butterfly) QDQWLNZLDFKDQDQWLNZL LLL:L/LHHLL:L, D1:no H, 1 D$ FLUFOHDURXQGWKHVXQmoon FKLNXWL YLNXWLLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 FLUFXPFLVHNRGROD-HH:L, 9 FLUFXPFLVHVVRZKRQQJDOLED YDQJDOLEDLLRL, C1:SF, 1ò FLUFXPFLVLRQNQLIHFKLSXODFKDPXWZH

LHL H-RL, lit. knife of head FODQethnic group OLWDZDPDWDZDLFL,

B:S1, 1 FODSKDQGVcatch GRQJ¶D-H:L, 9 FOD\JURXQGZRQGRORLRL, C1:SF, 1  FOHDQKDKXOD-HH:L, 9 FOHDQ➙ prepare FOHDQEHVZHOHOD-HH:L, 9 FOHDUscrape away SDODWD-HH:L, 9 FOHDUDZD\➙ cultivation: make an

area...

FOHDUODQGfor cultivation; forge KDQD -H:L, 9

FOHYHUEHbe cunning NDODPXND -HHH:L, 9

FORWKKHDGFKLQGLQGLYLQGLQGLLRL, C1:SF, 1 FORWKSLHFHRI(private parts) QSLQGR PLSLQGRLL:L, D1:no H, 1 FORWKSLHFHRI(worn by women) NDQJDGLNDQJDRL/LRL, C1:SF, 1 FF

FORWKH(buy clothes for s.o.) \DOXOD -HH:L, 9 FORWKLQJLQJXRGLQJXRLRL, C1:SF, 1  FORWKLQJtype of FKHFKHOHGLFKHFKHOH LL:L/LLL:L, D1:no H, 1FF FORWKLQJtype of MDSDQLGLMDSDQL HFL/LHFL, B:S1, 1FF FORWKLQJtype of SDWLGLSDWLH:L/LH:L, E:S2, 1FF FORXGOLKXQGHPDKXQGHLRL, C1:SF, 1  FRDVWeastern direction NXPDQJDLRL, C1:SF, 1 FRFNURDFKOLSHOHSHQGHPDSHOHSHQGH LHHH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 FRFRQXWQDVLGLQDVLH:L/LH:L, ?, 1 FF FRFRQXWVNLQRIOLQDGLPDQDGLLH:L, E:S2, 1 FRKHUHQDPDWD-HH:L, 9 FRLOGLQJXGLND-HHH:L, 9 FROG(in the chest) FKLKXYDLH:L,

A:S1/SF, 1 FROGEH➙ cool down

FROOHFWgather together NXQJD-H:L, 9 FROOHFWKRQH\SDNXOD-HH:L, 9 FRPEKDPXOLOD-HHH:L, 9 FRPEVDPXOLOD-HHH:L, 9 FRPEFKLKDPXODYLKDPXODLLL:L, D1:H.no H, 1 FRPHLGD-H:L, 9 FRPHGRZQVXOXSXND-HHH:L, 9 FRPHIRUZDUG➙ rise FRPHIURP➙ go away

FRPHIURPcome out, appear KRORND -HH:L, 9 FRPHRXWKXPD-H:L, 9 FRPIRUW➙ entice FRPPDQGSDWDQLVD-HH:L, 9FDXV FRPSDQLRQP\QQ\DQJXDYDQJXLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 FRPSHOQDPDWLG\D-HHL:L, 9FDXV FRQFHUQYDQGLND-HH:L, 9 FRQIXVHGEHbe anxious KDQJ¶D-H:L, 9 FRQJHDOOLHQJD-HRL, 9UHIO FRQYHUVH➙ talk FRQYHUVHgossip FKRQJD-H:L, 9 FRRNWHOHND-HH:L, 9 FRRNHGEHFRPHbe boiled WRNRWD -HH:L, 9 FRRNLQJVWRQHOLKLQGLOLPDKLQGLOL LHFL, B:S1, 1 FRROGRZQ(itr.) SROD-H:L, 9 FRROGRZQ(itr.), be cold GLGLPD -HH:L, 9 FRROGRZQ(tr.) LWXOD-HH:L, 9 FRROJHWWXOLOD-H:L, 9 FRUQHUPZLWHSDLFL, E:S2?, 1 FRUSVHQWXKLPLWXKLLRL, C1:SF, 1 FRXJKNRKRPROD-HHH:L, 9

FRXJKwith force, groan NXPXOD -HH:L, 9 FRXQWYDODQJD-HH:L, 9 FRXQWU\➙ land FRXVLQQQ\LYDQLYDKLYDQLLHFL, D2:H.no H, 1 FRYHUKLQLND-HH:L, 9 FRYHUKXQLND-HH:L, 9 FRYHUOLKXQLNRPDKXQLNRLLRL, C1:SF, 1

FRYHUZLWK(put a cover or lid on sth.) KLQLNLOD-HHH:L, 9

FRYHULQJRXWHU(of trees (= bark), plants, animals) OLNDKLPDNDKLLFL, B:S1, 1 FRZLQJ¶RPEHGLQJ¶RPEHLRL, C1:SF, 1 FRZXQJ¶RPEHDQJ¶RPEHLRL, C1:SF, 1$$ FUDFNOXPDGLQGXPDRL/LRL, C1:SF, 1

FUDFNOHturn restlessly (as in pain) SXSD-H:L, 9

FUHHSWDPEDOD-HH:L, 9

FURFRGLOHLPDPEDGLPDPEDLFL, B:S1, 1

FURFRGLOHXPDPEDDPDPEDLFL, B:S1, 1$$ FURFRGLOHXPEXOXDPEXOX?, 1$$ FURVVRYHU\RPERND-HH:L, 9 FURXFKOLSLQGD-HRL, 9UHIO FURZQDQNRQGDDQDPLNRQGD HHRL/LHHRL, C2:H.SF, 1D$ FURZ(cock) NRQJRYHOD-HHH:L, 9 FURZGcompany, group OLNXQGL

PDNXQGLLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 FURZGcompany, group OLNXZDPDNXZD

LFL, B:S1, 1 FURZGof celebrating people

OLKDQJDZLODLHHL:L, B:S1, 1" FU\NXWD-H:L, 9

FXFXPEHUQDQNRSHDQDPLNRSH HHFL/LHHFL, D2:H.no H, 1D$ FXOWLYDWHOLPD-H:L, 9

FXOWLYDWLQJWRJHWKHU(paid with food, beer, etc.) FKLEDOXDLLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1

FXQQLQJEH➙ clever: be FXUGOH➙ tied: get FXUHODP\D-FL, 9FDXV FXUVHODQLND-H:L, 9

FXUYHGEHQJRQJRPDQD-HHH:L, 9 FXWchop (e.g. branches); harvest

bananas, millet sp.(Sw. ulezi) FKHNHWD-HH:L, 9

FXWchop (trees) FKHOD-H:L, 9 FXW(with hands); harvest (esp. millet)

QHQJ¶HQD-HH:L, 9 FXWGRZQ(millet) KDQMLOD-H:L, 9 FXWILUHZRRGWHPD-H:L, 9 FXWJUDVVLSD-H:L, 9 FXWKDLUFKHQJXOD-HH:L, 9 FXWQDYHOVWULQJcry OLOD-H:L, 9 ' GDPDJHharm YHQJD-H:L, 9 GDQFHYLQD-H:L, 9 GDQFHLQJ¶ROHGLQJ¶ROHLRL, C1:SF, 1 

GDQFHtype of (and celebration) QVDSDWDPLVDSDWDLLL:L, D1:no H, 1 

GDQFHtype of (any celebration) FKLQJHQJHYLQJHQJHLH:L, A:S1/SF,

1

GDQFHtype of (any celebration) PDGXGXLRL, C1:SF, 1 GDQFHtype of (esp. girls)

FKLGROHYLGROHLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 GDQFHtype of (esp. initiation)

FKLQJZDODQJZDQMDYLQJZDODQJZDQMD LLLH:L, E:S2, 1

GDQFHtype of (esp. initiation)

OLQJZDODQJZDQMDPDQJZDODQJZDQMD LLLH:L, E:S2, 1

GDQFHtype of (esp. initiation) QGLPX PLGLPXLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 GDQFHtype of (esp. weddings)

FKLNRFKDYLNRFKDLL:L, D1:no H, 1 

GDQFHtype of (esp. weddings) PDODOH LFL, B:S1, 1

GDQFHtype of (esp. weddings) QQGDQMH PLQGDQMHLFL, B:S1, 1

GDQFHtype of (every celebration) EDNXOLLFL, E:S2, 1E GDQFHtype of (every celebration)

PEHQLFL, B:S1, 1E

GDQFHtype of QGLPX OLQJRWLPDQJRWL LH:L, A:S1/SF, 1

GDQFHtype of QGLPX OLSLNXPDSLNX LRL, C1:SF, 1

GDQFHtype of (to remember the deceased) FKLWLSXYLWLSXLFL, B:S1, 1 

GDQFHtype of (to remember the deceased) OLWHQJHPDWHQJHLL:L, D1:no H, 1

GDQFHtype of (to remember the deceased) ➙ drum: type of (big) GDQFHtype of (women’s) PDFKHQJD

LH:L, E:S2, 1

E:S2, 1 GD\EHIRUH\HVWHUGD\PDGXGLLFL, B:S1, 1 GD\VDJRVRPHPDGXGLGXGLLHHL:L, B:S1, 1 GD\WLPHPXKLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 GHDISHUVRQDNDSLOLNDQDYDNDSLOLNDQD LHHLL:L, 9ILQ GHDWKFKLKZDYLKZDH:L, A:S1/SF, 1  GHEW➙ cause GHFHLYHlie ODPELOD-HH:L, 9 GHFRUDWHNDWDSDG\D-HHL:L, 9FDXV GHFRUDWHOHPED-H:L, 9 GHFUHDVHdiminish SXQJXOD-HH:L, 9 GHIHDW➙ able: be GHIHFDWHQ\DH:L, 9 GHIHQG➙ guard GHIHQGoneself OL\DPLOLOD-HHLRL, 9 UHIO GHOD\linger WLPD-H:L, 9 GHQ\refuse KLWD-H:L, 9

GHVHUWDUHD(without water) OLNRQGH PDNRQGHLRL, C1:SF, 1 GHVLUHWDPDRL, C1:SF, 1E GHVLUHLKLNLGLGLKLNLGLLHFL, B:S1, 1



GHVLUH➙ love, want GHVWUR\RQGRQJD-HH:L, 9 GHVWUR\WLPEDQJLOD-HHH:L, 9 GHVWUR\a house ERPROD-HH:L, 9 GHZOLPHL:L, D1:no H, 1 GLDORJXHbetween the elders PDORQGD

LH:L, A:S1/SF, 1

GLDUUKRHDFDXVHGROROD-HH:L, 9 GLHKZDH:L, 9

GLIIHUHQWEHOHNDQLOD-HHH:L, 9 GLIILFXOWEH➙ hard: be

GLJharvest peanuts, all sorts of potatoes, cassava KLPED-H:L, 9 GLJRXW uproot \XSXOD-HH:L, 9 GLJJLQJVWLFNLQJ¶RKDGLQJ¶RKDLH:L, E:S2, 1 GLPLQLVK➙ decrease GLSSDPED-H:L, 9 GLS\RPROD-HH:L, 9

GLS(in terrain) OLNRWHPDNRWHLRL, C1:SF, 1

GLUHFWHGWRZDUGVEHface ORG\D-FL, 9FDXV

GLUHFWO\PZDOHKXLFL, B:S1, , GLUW(often: dirty food) XKDNZDLH:L,

A:S1/SF, 1

GLUW\EH➙ bad: be; ➙ black: be GLVDJUHHrebel, be perverse WDKXND -HH:L, 9 GLVDSSHDUvanish ➙ sink GLVFXVVLRQFKLKRQGHLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1  GLVHQJDJHDWUDSKDWXOD-HH:L, 9 GLVKWHXOLOD-HHH:L, 9

GLVKRXWIRRG(with ladle) NRYD-H:L, 9 GLVSOD\➙ give

GLWFKOXSRORSRQGRGLPRORSRQGR LLLRL, C1:SF, 1 GLYLGH\DYDQ\D-HFL, 9FDXV GLYLGH\DYD-H:L, 9

GLYLQH➙ divining board

GLYLQLQJERDUGincantation (spoken by sorcerer) LKDQJRGLKDQJRLRL, C1:SF, 1

GRWHQGD-H:L, 9

GRreceive (sth. out of s.o.’s hand); be sharp NROD-H:L, 9 GRFWRUWUDGLWLRQDOPPLODQGLYDPLODQGL LHFL, D2:H.no H, 1 GRFWRUWUDGLWLRQDOPPLWHODYDPLWHOD LHFL, D2:H.no H, 1 GRFWRU¶VSODFHNXFKLKDQ\DLLL:L, D1:no H, 1 GRJLQJ¶DYDQJDGLQJ¶DYDQJDLHFL, B:S1, 1 GRJXQJ¶DYDQJDDQJ¶DYDQJDLHFL, B:S1, 1$$ GRJsp. (digging up corpses) LQJZDQJZDODWLGLQJZDQJZDODWL LHHH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 GRJsp. (digging up corpses) XQJZDQJZDODWLDQJZDQJZDODWL LHHH:L, A:S1/SF, 1$$ GRRUQQDQJRPLODQJRLRL, C1:SF, 1 

GRRU(traditional, made from millet stalks) OZLGLGLQMZLGLRL/LRL, C1:SF, 1

LLRL, C1:SF, 1

GRUVDOPXVFOHLQRQRGLQRQRLFL, B:S1, 1

GRWVRQFKHHNVand between the eyes (as decoration) GRGD RL, C1:SF, 1 EE GRXEW➙ fear GRYHLPXQGDGLPXQGDLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 GRYHXPXQGDDPXQGDLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1$$ GUDZDOLQHNXYD-H:L, 9 GUDZRXWtake out, bring to light

KRPROD-HH:L, 9 GUDZZDWHUWHND-H:L, 9 GUHDPORWD-H:L, 9

GUHDPFDXVHWRtalk while dreaming ORKD-FL, 9FDXV

GUHVV(s.o.) ZDG\D-FL, 9FDXV GULQNNLPELOD-HH:L, 9 GULQNNXPELOD-HH:L, 9 GULQNnot fermented (from millet,

grain; Sw. togwa) QNRMRPLNRMRLL:L, D1:no H, 1

GULSleak VXOXOD-HH:L, 9

GULYHLQ(e.g. a nail) NRPHOD-HH:L, 9 GURSOLWZHQHPDWZHQHLFL, B:S1, 1 GURXJKWFKLYDQJDLRL, C1:SF, 1 GUXPOLJRPDPDJRPDLRL, C1:SF, 1  GUXPtype of QGXQGRPLGXQGRLRL, C1:SF, 1

GUXPtype of (big); dance (to remember the deceased) OLNXQJZD PDNXQJZDLL:L, D1:no H, 1 GUXPtype of (big, esp. used at boy’s

initiation) OLNXWLPDNXWLLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 GUXPtype of (small) QDNDQGXQGD LLRL, C1:SF, 1D GUXPtype of (small) LQGXQGD GLQGXQGDLRL, C1:SF, 1 GUXQNJHWNDOHZD-HFL, 9SDV GUXQNJHWNHOHZD-HFL, 9SDV GU\EHbe thirsty \XPD-H:L, 9 GU\LQWKHVXQ\DQLND-HH:L, 9 GU\VHDVRQFKDPEXY\DPEXFL, C2:H.SF, 1 GU\XSQ\DOD-H:L, 9 GXPESHUVRQDNDWRQJRODYDNDWRQJROD LHHL:L, 9ILQ GXVWOLWXWXQJDLLRL, C1:SF, 1 ( HDUOLNXWXPDNXWXLRL, C1:SF, 1 HDUO\LQWKHPRUQLQJXPDPEXPEX LHFL, B:S1, 1

HDUULQJV(three in each ear, filled with coloured pieces of paper) PDSHWH LRL, C1:SF, 1

HDUWKZRUPOLOZHGRPDOZHGRLH:L, E:S2, 1

HDWO\DH:L, 9

HDWfish or meat NDQGLOD-HH:L, 9 HDWfryed fish or roasted meat without

steaming (ugali/soup) OXPLOD-HH:L, 9

HDWILUVWSURGXFWVof new crop OLODXOD -HRL, 9UHIO HDWWRRPXFKQ\HOD-H:L, 9 HFKRQDPDORYHLHRL, 1D HIIHFWLYHEH(medicine) ➙ true: be HJJOL\HPD\HRL, C1:SF, 1 HOERZ➙ heel HOGHUQNXOXQJZDYDNXOXQJZDLHFL, D2:H.no H, 1 HOHSKDQWLQHPERGLQHPERLFL, B:S1, 1 HOHSKDQWXQHPERDQHPERLFL, B:S1, 1 $$

HQFORVXUHfor keeping animals; grime, soot FKLWXQGXYLWXQGXLFL, B:S1, 1 

HQGEULQJWRDQNRPD-H:L, 9 HQGFRPHWRDQrape (a woman) SHOD

-H:L, 9 HQGRIVWKEH➙ bolt HQGDQJHUWHYHG\D-HFL, 9FDXV HQGXUHSLOLOD-HH:L, 9 HQHP\PPRQJRDYRQJRHRL, C2:H.SF, 1$ HQMR\➙ pleasant: be

HQODUJHmake greater WXNXNXOD -HHH:L, 9

HQWHUHQGD-H:L, 9

HQWLFHcomfort SHPEHG\D-HFL, 9 FDXV

HUHFWEHNZLQD-H:L, 9 HVSHFLDOO\➙ very

HVWDEOLVKsth. new FKLOD-H:L, 9 (XURSHDQQVXQJXYDVXQJXLFL, D2:H.no H, 1 HYHQLQJO\XORPDO\XORH:L/LH:L, A:S1/SF?, 1 HYHU\all RKHRKHLLH:L, ?, 3 H[FHHGexcel QRQRKD-HFL, 9FDXV H[FHSWLNDYHLHL, 9ILQ H[FUHPHQWPDYLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 H[FUHPHQWRIchicken XWRKLLRL, C1:SF, 1 H[SDQGHGEHbe widened WDQXND -HH:L, 9

H[SODLQ➙ tell s.o.

H[WHQGabound HQHOHG\D-HHL:L, 9 FDXV H[WLQJXLVKGLPD-H:L, 9 H\HOLKRPHKRH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 H\HEURZOLNZLNZLPDNZLNZLLRL, C1:SF, 1 H\HODVKOXNRSHGLQJ¶RSHLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 )

IDFHfront, before NXPHKRLH:L, E:S2, 1

IDLO(after promise) JXOXJXVD-HHL:L, 9FDXV

IDLOmake mistake, miss OHYD-H:L, 9 IDLQWcollapse GLYLND-HH:L, 9 IDOOPRWRND-HH:L, 9 IDOOXZD-H:L, 9 IDOO\DQJXND-HH:L, 9 IDOObit by bit SDNDWLND-HHH:L, 9 IDOOGRZQSDODWXND-HHH:L, 9 IDUNXOHKXLH:L, E:S2, $ IDUPHUQNXOLPDYDNXOLPDLHFL, D2:H.no H, 1 IDVWHQ➙ tie IDVWHQtogether SDPEDQ\D-HFL, 9 FDXV

IDVWHQ(with rope) SDPELOLOD-HHH:L, 9

IDWEH(esp. animals); be big WXPEXOD -HH:L, 9

IDWEH(esp. human beings) Q\HWD -HH:L, 9 IDWKHUDWDWDDFKDWDWDDQJDDWDWD LFL/LHRL/LH:-FL, D2:H.no H, 1 $$ IDWKHU(informal, ironic) WDWLH:L, ?, 1 F IHDUbe afraid \RSD-H:L, 9 IHDUdoubt OLSDPEDPDSDPEDLH:L, E:S2, 1

IHDWKHUhair (on legs) OLOHKDPDOHKD LRL, C1:SF, 1

IHHGmake eat OLKD-FL, 9FDXV IHHO➙ see IHOOknock down PRWRKD-HFL, 9FDXV IHOORZperson PZHQHGLYHQHGLLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 IHPDOHDFKLNRQJZHHLFL, 3FRQ IHQFHtype of LQMLQMLGLQMLQMLLL:L, D1:no H, 1 IHQFHtype of OLQJRQJRPDQJRQJR LL:L, D1:no H, 1 IHQFHtype of OXZDQLGLPEZDQLLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 IHUPHQWKDKD-H:L, 9 IHUPHQWHGEHKDKDPD-HH:L, 9 IHUWLOHEHQ\RPD-H:L, 9 IHYHUinfluenza FKLGXPEDLRL, C1:SF, 1 IHZa bit NDGLNLLRL, C1:SF, , ILHOGZHOXPDZHOXH:L/LH:L, B:S1, 1 

ILHOG(near a valley, where rice is planted) OLWLPEHPDWLPEHLL:L, D1:no H, 1

ILHOGwhich has been cultivated more than three times in succession OLNXOXNXOXPDNXOXNXOXLHHH:L, A:S1/SF, 1

ILHOGwhich has been cultivated once only PXQGDP\XQGDRL, C1:SF, 1 

ILHOGwhich has been cultivated three times in succession QWHPDPLWHPD LH:L, A:S1/SF, 1

succession OLKDODPDKDODLRL, C1:SF, 1

ILHOGwhich has not been cultivated in the right way OLJXPDPDJXPDLH:L, E:S2, 1

ILHOG(without yield) OLEXGDPDEXGD LH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 ILHOGUHPDLQLQJSORWOXZDZDLL:L, D1:no H, 1 ILJKWSDQ\DQD-HH:L, 9 ILJKWVKRZstrike QJ¶ROD-H:L, 9 ILOOXPEDG\D-HFL, 9FDXV ILOOLQ(holes) KXKXOLOD-HHH:L, 9 ILOWHUstrain KDPDWD-HH:L, 9 ILQDOO\➙ then ILQGNRGLG\D-HFL, 9FDXV ILQHWRVD-FL, 9FDXV ILQJHUFKDODY\DODH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 ILQJHUQDLOOXNRPEHGLQJ¶RPEHLFL, B:S1, 1

ILQLVK(tr. and itr.), accomplish PDOLOD -HH:L, 9

ILUHPRRWRP\RRWRLFL, E:S2, 1 ILUHODFNHQRXJKget underdone

(food); be unclear (words) WXQGD -H:L, 9 ILUHPDNH(by friction) SHNHKD-HFL, 9FDXV ILUHVWLFNVIRUPDNLQJPSHNHKR PLSHNHKRLHH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 ILUHSODFHFKLZXOLYLZXOLLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 ILUHSODFHOLMLNRPDMLNRLRL, C1:SF, 1 

ILUHSODFHused during celebrations SDOLWXQJXOXLLHRL, C2:H.SF, 1 ILUHZRRGOXNXQLGLQJ¶XQLLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 ILUHZRRGVPDOOSLHFHRIOXZDODKDQML GLPEZDODKDQMLLHHL:L, B:S1, 1  ILUVWWDQGL-FL, B:S1, $ ILVKLKRPEDGLKRPEDLFL, B:S1, 1  ILVKXKRPEDDKRPEDLFL, B:S1, 1 $$ ILVK➙ trap ILYHQQ\DQRLL:L, D1:no H, 1 IL[➙ tie IODVKof light LPHWHGLPHWHLRL, C1:SF, 1

IODWEH(of taste) ODGXND-HH:L, 9 IOHDQDQWLWLOLDFKDQDPLWLWLOL LLHFL/LHHHHFL, B:S1, 1D$ IORXUXKXH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 IORXULVKNRQGD-H:L, 9 IORZHUOLXZDPDXZDLRL, C1:SF, 1 IORZHUblossom LQGXYDGLQGXYDLRL, C1:SF, 1 IOXWHFKLPEHWDYLPEHWDLL:L, D1:no H, 1 IO\LPHPEHGLPHPEHLH:L, E:S2, 1  IO\XPHPEHDPHPEHLH:L, E:S2, 1 $$

IO\➙ jump (high)

IRHWXVOLERQJRPDERQJRLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1

IRJmist, haze OLWDPEZHPDWDPEZH LL:L, D1:no H, 1 IROGNXQMD-H:L, 9 IROORZSDSDWD-HH:L, 9 IROORZreap ORQGROD-HH:L, 9 IRRGFKDNXO\DY\DNXO\DHL:L, D2:H.no H, 3QRP IRRGYLO\RRL, C1:SF, 1

IRRGtype of (beans with millet or rice) FKLSZHQJ¶HLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1" IRRGtype of (meal of mixed potatoes)

QDKHPEHLL:L, D1:no H, 1D IRRGtype of (porridge with vegetable

of cassava leaves) QWDQGDVDQFKLQGXOL LLLL LHRL, 1

IRRGtype of (rice with watery pumpkin sp.) OLNXODPELODLLLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 

IRRGtype of (with cassava) FKLWXQGXQL YLWXQGXQLLHRL, C2:H.SF, 1 IRROmake s.o. look a (by witchcraft)

ORNRWDQ\D-HHL:L, 9FDXV IRROLVKPDQQNDQJDYDNDQJDLH:L,

A:S1/SF, 1

IRROLVKZRPDQQVXQJXYDVXQJXLRL, C1:SF, 1

IRROLVKQHVVignorance (of woman) XVXQJXLRL, C1:SF, 1 IRRWOLNXPEDWXPDNXPEDWXLLRL,

C1:SF, 1

IRUELGrefuse s.o. OLPELG\D-HFL, 9 FDXV

IRUFH➙ strength IRUFHWDNHE\➙ rob

IRUHKHDGO\HQ\HPDO\HQ\HRL/LRL, C1:SF, 1

IRUHVW(area with many trees) LQJRQJR GLQJRQJRLH:L, E:S2, 1 IRUJH➙ clear land for cultivation IRUJHWOXYDOD-HH:L, 9

IRUJHWsth. or s.o. OLYDOLOD-HHH:L, 9 IRUJHWsth. or s.o. OXYDOLOD-HHH:L, 9 IRUPHUGD\VRIold, of the past

DFKLQ\DNDODHLHFL, 3FRQ IRUPHUO\the past NDODRL, C1:SF, , IRUPHUO\the past WDQJXL:L, D1:no H,

, IRXUQFKHFKHLL:L, D1:no H, 1 IULHQGVRPR RL, C1:SF, 1EE IULHQGVKLSFKLQHPEDLRL, C1:SF, 1 IULJKWHQ➙ abuse IURJFKLWRZHYLWRZHLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 

IURJsp. (big, living in mud, edible) OLXPLPDXPLLRL, C1:SF, 1 IURQWbefore PX\RL:L, D1:no H, 1 IUXLWFKLKRKLYLKRKLLH:L, E:S2, 1 IU\QDQXKD-HFL, 9FDXV IU\NDODQJD-HH:L, 9 IXOOEHXPEDOD-HH:L, 9

IXOOEHYHU\(of food), belch WXNXOD -HH:L, 9 IXQHUDOPDVLNRLRL, C1:SF, 1 * JDLWFKLKZHQLYLKZHQLLRL, C1:SF, 1  JDODJRbushbaby (Sw. komba) FKDQJD Y\DQJDL:L, D1:no H, 1

JDPHFKLOGUHQ¶V(skip with a rope) PSXWDLH:L, E:S2, 1 JDWKHUKHYD-H:L, 9

JDWKHU(beans, fruit, wild greens) ➙ pluck JDWKHUXS\ROD-H:L, 9 JHQHWLKXQJRGLKXQJRLH:L, E:S2, 1  JHQHWXKXQJRDKXQJRLH:L, E:S2, 1 $$ JHWSDWD-H:L, 9 JHWXSHDUO\OLODYD-HRL, 9UHIO JLIWpresent OL\HQLPD\HQLLRL, C1:SF, 1 JLUDIIHWZLJD RL, C1:SF, 1EE JLUO(after initiation) PZDOLYDOLH:L,

A:S1/SF, 1 JLUO(before initiation) QDKDNX DQDPDKDNXHFL/LHHFL, D2:H.no H, 1D$ JLUOSHUVRQVWDNLQJFDUHRIQDPZDOL QNDQDPZDOLLH:L/LLLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1D"

JLYHdisplay, show, take (out) XVD-FL, 9FDXV

JLYH(to s.o.) LQJ¶D-H:L, 9 JODVVH\HJODVVHV➙ mirror

JOLGHtrickle, slide along (esp. water through a channel) NXOXYD-HH:L, 9 JOXWWRQQDPXO\DLFL, D2:H.no H, 1

D

JQDZSXPXQD-HH:L, 9 JRKZHQD-H:L, 9

JRDZD\come from XND-H:L, 9 JRRXWcome out suddenly EXKXND

-HH:L, 9 JRXSSDODQJD-HH:L, 9 JRDWLPEXGLGLPEXGLLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1  JRDWXPEXGLDPEXGLLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 $$ JREOLQorgre QDNDGLPXDFKDQDNDGLPX LHRL/LHLHRL, C2:H.SF, 1D$ *RGgod QQXQJXDPLOXQJX LRL/LHH:L, C1:SF, 1$ JRRGDPERQHHH:L, 3FRQ JRRGbeautiful, fine FKLNDWDSHOH

LLHFL, 9ILQ

JRRGEHbe beautiful NDWDSDOD -HHH:L, 9

JRVVLS➙ converse; ➙ mock

JUDQGIDWKHUmaster DQDPEX\HLHFL, D2:H.no H, 1$ JUDQGSDUHQWancestor DYLYLDQJDDYLYL LRL/LH:-H:L, C1:SF, 1$ JUDVVZDKLFL, C2:H.SF, 1 JUDVVsp. LQHWHGLQHWHLL:L, D1:no H, 1  JUDVVsp. FKLKDQXYLKDQXLRL, C1:SF, 1 JUDVVsp. OLSHOHSHQGHPDSHOHSHQGH LHHH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 JUDVVsp. QDFKLVXYHOHLHHRL, C2:H.SF, 1D JUDVVsp. QDFKLWXNDQDLHHL:L, D2:H.no H, 1D JUDVVsp. QDKXQGXHRL, C2:H.SF, 1 D JUDVVsp. QDPEROHHRL, C2:H.SF, 1 D JUDVVKRSSHULPDQGHGLPDQGHLH:L, E:S2, 1 JUDVVKRSSHUXPDQGHDPDQGHLH:L, E:S2, 1$$ JUDYHOLNDEXOLPDNDEXOLLHFL, B:S1, 1  JUDYHOLWHPEHPDWHPEHLRL, C1:SF, 1  JUDYHOGLKDNDODZHLHHL:L, B:S1, 1  JUDYH\DUGNXPLVDWLLLL:L, D1:no H, 1  JUHHWNDPDVD-HFL, 9FDXV JUHHWLQJVGLVDODPXLLRL, C1:SF, 1  JULQGKD\D-H:L, 9 JULQG(rice) SDODVD-HFL, 9FDXV JURDQJXPLOD-HH:L, 9

JURDQbecause of pain GXPLOD-HH:L, 9

JURSHabout ORSROD-HH:L, 9 JURXQGRQWKHdown to the ground

SDKLRL, C1:SF, 1

JURXQGQXWLQGXGLQGXL:L, D1:no H, 1 

JURXSof people working together QNXPLPLNXPLLFL, B:S1, 1 JURZgrow up NXOD-H:L, 9 JURZgrow up NXOXPXND-HHH:L, 9 JUXHOOLWDWROLPDWDWROLLLFL, E:S2, 1  JUXHOQNDQJRKXPLNDQJRKXLLH:L, E:S2, 1

JUXPEOHspeak in oneself ORORPD -HH:L, 9 JUXPEOHspeak to oneself WRQJRGLND -HHH:L, 9 JXDUGdefend KLNDOLOD-HHH:L, 9 JXDYDOLSHODPDSHODLFL, B:S1, 1 JXHVWstranger QQ\HQLYD\HQLLRL, C1:SF, 1 JXHVWVWUDQJHUVWDWHRIEHLQJDX\HQL LRL, C1:SF, 1

JXLGHgo ahead ORQJROHOD-HHH:L, 9 JXLQHDIRZOLQJ¶DQJDGLQJ¶DQJDLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 JXLQHDIRZOXQJ¶DQJDDQJ¶DQJDLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1$$ JXP(near teeth) XKLQLQLLHH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 JXQLKXWLGLKXWLLL:L, D1:no H, 1 +

KDLU(e.g. on legs) ➙ feather KDLU(of back) OLKDKDPDQJD

PDKDKDPDQJDLLLRL, C1:SF, 1 KDLU(of head) XOLQGRLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1



KDLUGUHVVLQJtype of PSDQHND PLSDQHNDLLL:L, D1:no H, 1 KDLUGUHVVLQJtype of (with pigtail)

PDEDWLLFL, B:S1, 1

KDLUJUH\(of age) LPEXOLVDGLPEXOLVD LHFL, B:S1, 1

KDLUJUH\(of age) GLKXOLLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1

KDOIpart, portion OLSLQMLLRL, C1:SF, 1 

A:S1/SF, 1 KDQGLFDSSHGEHODPDOD-HH:L, 9 KDQGOHPSLQLPLSLQLLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1  KDQJWDQGD-H:L, 9 KDQJ(up) NRYHND-HH:L, 9 KDUGEHQRQRSD-HH:L, 9 KDUGEHbe difficult NRPRG\D-HFL, 9FDXV KDUHLVXQJXODGLVXQJXODLHRL, C2:H.SF, 1 KDUHXVXQJXODDVXQJXODLHRL, C2:H.SF, 1$$

KDUYHVWpumpkins, water lemons, cucumbers ORNRWDQ\D-HHL:L, 9 FDXV

KDUYHVW(with hands, esp. millet) ➙ cut (with hands)

KDUYHVWEDQDQDVmillet sp. (Sw. ulezi) ➙ cut, chop (e.g. branches)

KDUYHVWFDVVDYD➙ slice; ➙ dig KDUYHVWJURXQGQXWV➙ scratch, peck KDUYHVWPDL]HSDOXOD-HH:L, 9 KDUYHVWPLOOHWpeas ➙ thresh KDUYHVWPLOOHWsp. (Sw. ulezi) ➙ cut,

chop

KDUYHVWSHDQXWVall sorts of potatoes, cassava ➙ dig

KDUYHVWULFH➙ strip off

KDUYHVWWLPHOLFKHODPDFKHODLFL, B:S1, 1 KDUYHVWWLPHQFKHODPLFKHODLFL, B:S1, 1 KDVWHFDXVHSL\DQLG\D-HHL:L, 9 FDXV

KDVWHQdo quickly (with negative result) \DQJXKDQD-HHH:L, 9

KDWH➙ shut

KDXQW(of animal) FKLYDYDYLYDYDLL:L, D1:no H, 1

KDZNsp. (big, striking colours) LQ\DQJDGLQ\DQJDLFL, B:S1, 1 KDZNsp. (big, striking colours)

XQ\DQJDDQ\DQJDLFL, B:S1, 1 $$

KDZNsp. (black, white, attacking chickens without taking them) FKLVLQMDYLVLQMDHRL, C2:H.SF, 1 KDZN(Sw. mwewe) QDPZHYH DFKDQDPZHYHHL:L/LHHL:L, D2:H.no H, 1D$ KHVKHQDQJ¶HH:L, E:S2, 3VXEVW KHVKH(emphatic) XQDQJ¶HLFH, 3 VXEVW KHDGPXWZHP\XWZHRL, C1:SF, 1 KHDG(esp. of animals) OLEDGDQJ¶D

PDEDGDQJ¶DLHFL, B:S1, 1 KHDGDFKHKDYHDEDG➙ thunder KHDGPDQQMXPEHPDMXPEHLFL,

D2:H.no H, 1

KHDGPDQof village (traditional) DPZHQ\HDFKDPZHQ\HHRL/LHRL, C2:H.SF, 1$$

KHDOWKhappiness, prosperity XODPH LRL, C1:SF, 1 KHDOWK\strong, whole RPLH:L, ?, 3$ KHDUattend SLOLNDQD-HHH:L, 9 KHDUWQWLPDPLWLPDLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1  KHDWRIERG\OLWXNXWDPDWXNXWDLLRL, C1:SF, 1 KHDY\EHLGRSD-HH:L, 9 KHHOelbow FKLKLQJ¶LQRYLKLQJ¶LQR LHH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 KHLJKWhigh, above SDQQLPDLLRL, C1:SF, 1 KHOSassist, support \DQJDWD-HH:L, 9 KHUG➙ tend KHUGtend FKXQJD-H:L, 9

KH\tell me!, what? GDFKLL:L, D1:no H, , KLGHoneself OLWZDOLKD-HHL:L, 9 UHIOFDXV KLGHsth. SLKD-H:L, 9 KLSSRSRWDPXVFKLERNRYLERNRLRL, C1:SF, 1 KLVKHUDNHRL, C1:SF, 3SRV KLW➙ beat

9UHIO

KROHhollow (small) QWXSDPLWXSD LL:L, D1:no H, 1

KROH(in lobe of ear) PEDOHQJD PLEDOHQJDLLL:L, D1:no H, 1 KROH(in sth., e.g. in the ground) OLSRQGR

PDSRQGRLRL, C1:SF, 1 KROH(through sth.) LPEHOHNHKR

GLPEHOHNHKRLHHL:L, B:S1, 1 KROH(through sth.) LPHQ\DGLPHQ\D

LL:L, D1:no H, 1

KROHPDNHDbreak into KRORKD-HFL, 9FDXV KRPHVWHDGvillage ND\DGLND\D H:L/LH:L, E:S2, 1FF KRPHVWHDGDEDQGRQHGOLKDPH PDKDPHLH:L, E:S2, 1 KRQH\XFKLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 KRQH\FRPEOLKLQGDPDKLQGDLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 KRSSDODQJXOD-HHH:L, 9 KRSH➙ trust to KRSHVUDLVHVR¶VNXOXSLG\D-HHL:L, 9FDXV KRUQOXSHPEHGLPHPEHLFL, B:S1, 1  KRUQwhistle OLSHQJDPDSHQJDLH:L, E:S2, 1 KRWIHHO➙ shine KRXVHLQJ¶DQGHGLQJ¶DQGHLH:L, E:S2, 1 KRXVHLQ\XPEDGLQ\XPEDLH:L, E:S2, 1

KRXVH(big, with square roof) OLEDQGD PDEDQGDLRL, C1:SF, 1 KRXVHSRVWOXKLFKLGLKLFKLLRL, C1:SF,

1

KRZPDQ\QJDSL-FL, B:S1, $ KRZPDQ\QLQJD?, $

KXJHfat person or thing QNDQJ¶D PLNDQJ¶DLFL, B:S1, 1

KXJHREMHFW(person, animal, thing, etc.) OLWXSDPDWXSDLRL, C1:SF, 1 KXPLOLDWHGIHHOuncomfortable \XYDOD -HH:L, 9 KXQGUHGPLDGLPLDH:L/LH:L, ?, 1 FF KXQGUHGLPLDGLPLDLH:L, ?, 1FF KXQJHULQGDODLRL, C1:SF, 1 KXQJU\EH➙ tired: be KXQWKDND-H:L, 9 KXQWFKLKDNRYLKDNRLRL, C1:SF, 1 KXQW(with a sling), aim (with shooting,

throwing) OXPEDWD-HH:L, 9 KXQWIRUKDFKLOD-HH:L, 9 KXQWIRUKDNLOD-HH:L, 9 KXQWLQJVWLFNLQGRQJRGLQGRQJRLFL, B:S1, 1 KXUWSZLWD-H:L, 9 KXUWJHW➙ wound KXVEDQGP\QWZDQJXDFKDWZDYDQJX LFL/LHH RL, B:S1, 1$ KXWfor boys during initiation rites

QWHQJXPLWHQJXLRL, C1:SF, 1 KXW(round) QGXOHPLGXOHLRL, C1:SF,

1

KXWIRUJLUOVduring initiation rites OLWHWHOHPDWHWHOHLHFL, B:S1, 1 K\HQDQFKHKHPLFKHKHLFL, B:S1, 1  , ,QDDQJXHRL, C2:H.SF, 3VXEVW ,(emphatic) XQHQHLFH, 3VXEVW LGLRF\GLQJ¶RSHGLLHFL, B:S1, 1 LGOHOHPZD-FL, B:S1, $ LGOHUHPDLQOLVLQJD-HRL, 9UHIO LGOHQHVVlaziness XOHPZDLFL, B:S1, 1  LI➙ then LOOEH➙ wound LOOIDOOXXOD-HH:L, 9 LPLWDWHmimic ➙ taste (food) LQFDQWDWLRQ(spoken by sorcerer) ➙

divining board

LQFLVHcut to shape, trim FKHKD-FL, 9 FDXV

LQFLVLRQPDUNGLQHPERLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1

LQFLWHNXPEDQJD-HH:L, 9 LQFUHDVHbecome more and more

SXOXQJ¶DQ\D-HHL:L, 9FDXV LQIDQW(between 2 and 6 months old)

OXQJDGLQMXQJDRL/LRL, C1:SF, 1 

QNDQXQXYDNDQXQXLLRL, C1:SF, 1 

LQIHFW(and destroy) fruit, trees KXPEZD -FL, 9SDV

LQIRUP➙ invite

LQLWLDWHcircumcise (in former days) \DOXND-HH:L, 9

LQLWLDWHV(returning from bush) OLWHZH LH:L, E:S2, 1 LQLWLDWLRQSODFH(bush) NXQGDJDOD LLL:L, D1:no H, 1 LQLWLDWLRQULWHVPDODQJZHLL:L, D1:no H, 1 LQLWLDWLRQULWHV(boys) OLNXPELPDNXPEL LRL, C1:SF, 1 LQLWLDWLRQULWHV(girls) FKLSXWXLRL, C1:SF, 1

LQVHFWsp. (damaging produce of fields) FKDEDQGDY\DEDQGDHFL, B:S1, 1 

LQVHFWsp. (living in maize plants and damaging them) QDPEHGDDQDPEHGD HFL/LHFL, D2:H.no H, 1D$ LQVWHDGRISDPEXWRLFL, B:S1, 1 LQVXOW➙ abuse

LQWHVWLQHXWXPERLRL, C1:SF, 1 LQYLVLEOHEHFRPH(witchcraft), get lost

ZDODZDOD-HHH:L, 9UHG LQYLWHinform NXPEXOD-HH:L, 9 LURQFKLWDOHYLWDOHLFL, B:S1, 1 - MDFNIUXLWOLSHQHVLPDSHQHVLLLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 MDFNDOQDQFKHWDDQDPLFKHWD LLRL/LHHRL, C1:SF, 1D$ MDZPDWDPDLRL, C1:SF, 1 MRLQW(of body) FKLQJXQJXQGD YLQJXQJXQGDLLL:L, D1:no H, 1 MRNLQJUHODWLRQVKLS(Sw. utani) XYLOR

LH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 MRXUQH\➙ time

MR\FKLPZHPZHLL:L, D1:no H, 1 MXGJHOXZDOLPDOXZDOLLFL/LLFL,

E:S2, 1

MXPS(high); fly XOXND-HH:L, 9 MXPS(long) FKLQMLOD-HH:L, 9 MXPSGRZQFKLWLND-HH:L, 9 . NHUQHOof pumpkin LQ\RPRNR GLQ\RPRNRLLRL, C1:SF, 1 NLGQH\GLKZL\RLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 NLOOZDODOD-HH:L, 9

NLOOat a distance (witchcraft) ODSLOLOD -HHH:L, 9

NLOOdie KL\D-H:L, 9

NLOOLQVHFWwith tip of finger, toe SDQGDOD-HH:L, 9

NLOOHUsavage person QQJZDQJZDODWL YDQJZDQJZDODWLLHHH:L, A:S1/SF, 1

NLQGOHILUHNROHG\D-HFL, 9FDXV NLQGOHILUHNXPEDQ\D-HFL, 9FDXV NQHDG➙ straight: make completely NQHHOLOXQGLPDOXQGLLH:L, E:S2, 1 NQHHOworship WLQGLYDOD-HHH:L, 9 NQHHOworship \DPD-H:L, 9

NQLIHFKLSXODYLSXODLH:L, E:S2, 1 NQRFNRIIbreak off by hitting

SDSDWXOD-HHH:L, 9 NQRWFKLKXQGRYLKXQGRLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 NQRZPDOD-H:L, 9 NQRZunderstand, recognize NDPHND -HH:L, 9 NQRZQEHPDKLNDQD-HHH:L, 9 /

ODFNget lost KRYD-H:L, 9

ODGOH(for gravy) OXSZDZDGLPZDZD LFL, B:S1, 1 ODGOHspoon OXNRGLQMXNRRL/LRL, C1:SF, 1 ODNHpool OLWDQGDPDWDQGDLFL, B:S1, 1 ODPHSHUVRQDNDKZHQDYDNDKZHQD LHFL, 9ILQ ODPSNDQGLOLGLNDQGLOLLFL/LLFL, E:S2, 1FF ODPS(small) FKLEDWDOLYLEDWDOLLLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1

ODQGarea, country FKLODPERYLODPER LRL, C1:SF, 1

ODQJXDJHFKLWRQJRGLYLWRQJRGLLLRL, C1:SF, 1 ODVWDFKLKZDQJR?, 3FRQ ODWHU➙ afterwards ODXJKKHND-H:L, 9 ODXJKWHUFKLKHNRLRL, C1:SF, 1 OD\DQHJJWDLOD-HH:L, 9

OD\GRZQput, place YLND-H:L, 9 OHDIOLKDPEDPDKDPEDLRL, C1:SF, 1

 OHDN➙ drip

OHDSGDQJ¶D-H:L, 9

OHDS(of joy, with celebrations, etc.) FKLKD-FL, 9FDXV

OHDUQOL\HG\D-HFL, 9UHIOFDXV OHDUQOLIXQGLVD-HHL:L, 9UHIOFDXV OHDUQ(to behave with respect and

dignity) OLKXQGD-HRL, 9UHIO OHDYHleave behind, stop doing sth.

OHND-H:L, 9

OHDYHRIWDNHbid farewell ODLOD -HH:L, 9

OHIWQFKLQGDPLFKLQGDLFL, B:S1, 1 OHIWEHremain KL\DOD-HH:L, 9 OHJOXGRGRPDGRGRLH:L, E:S2, 1 OHJFDOIof; very short person

FKLQJXOLPEDYLQJXOLPEDLHRL, C2:H.SF, 1 OHPRQZDWHUOLNXPELODPDNXPELOD LHFL, B:S1, 1 OHRSDUGLVXYLGLVXYLLFL, B:S1, 1 OHRSDUGXVXYLDVXYLLFL, B:S1, 1 $$ OHSHUPPDQJXQGXODYDPDQJXQGXOD LLHL:L, B:S1, 1 OHSURV\PDQJXQGXODLHL:L, B:S1, 1  OLDUQDQNDODYDQ\DDFKDQDQNDODYDQ\D LLLLFL/LHLLLLFL, E:S2, 1 D$ OLFNODPED-H:L, 9

OLG(of pot) OLWDQRPDWDQRLRL, C1:SF, 1

OLHODYDQ\D-HFL, 9FDXV OLH➙ deceive

OLHGRZQgo to bed ODOD-H:L, 9 OLHGRZQgo to bed \DPD-H:L, 9 OLIHXODPDLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 OLIHXPLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 OLIWQ\DQ\XOD-HH:L, 9 OLJKWEHODQJDOD-HH:L, 9 OLJKWEHODQJXOD-HH:L, 9 OLJKWEHbe thin, be transparent

SHSHND-HH:L, 9

OLJKWEH(weight) SH\DSH\D-HHH:L, 9 UHG

OLJKWQLQJLQJ¶XYDGLQJ¶XYDLFL, B:S1, 1

OLNH➙ love; ➙ want OLPSKXPEDLOD-HHH:L, 9 OLQJHU➙ delay OLRQLKLPEDGLKLPEDLFL, B:S1, 1 OLRQXKLPEDDKLPEDLFL, B:S1, 1 $$ OLSOX\H\HGLQMH\HLFL, B:S1, 1 OLSSOXJ(in upper lip) LQGRQ\D

GLQGRQ\DLL:L, D1:no H, 1 OLVWHQSLOLNDQLOD-HHHH:L, 9 OLYH➙ sit down

OLYHH[LVWORQJ➙ recover

OLYHUOLQRKDPDQRKDLFL, B:S1, 1 OL]DUGOLQJZDQJXODPDQJZDQJXOD

LLFL, E:S2, 1

OL]DUGsp. (big, living in water)

QDQNDGLQGXPEDDFKDQDQNDGLQGXPED LLLLFL/LHHHLLFL, E:S2, 1 D$

OL]DUGsp. (big, living on land) LQJ¶RQGRGLQJ¶RQGRLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1

OL]DUGsp. (big, living on land) XQJ¶RQGRDQJ¶RQGRLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1$$ ORDG➙ bundle ORFXVWOLKL\HPDKL\HLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1  ORFXVWOLSDODQJXODPDSDODQJXOD LLLRL, C1:SF, 1 ORFXVWQDPSDODQJXODLLLLRL, C1:SF, 1D" ORLQFORWKOLSLQGLPDSLQGLLRL, C1:SF, 1

ORLWHUhang about WLPED-H:L, 9 ORQJtall, high OHKX-H:L, E:S2, $ ORQJEHOHSD-H:L, 9

ORRNIRUOHPEHOHOD-HHH:L, 9 ORRNIRU➙ want ORRNIRUsearch OROHKD-HFL, 9FDXV ORRNIRUsearch WDKD-FL, 9FDXV ORRNXSobserve WXPED-H:L, 9 ORRVHEHOXJXVD-HFL, 9FDXV ORRVHEHOHJH\D-HH:L, 9 ORVH➙ throw away ORVWEH\DKLND-HH:L, 9 ORVWJHW➙ invisible: become

ORXVHLPERNRGLPERNRLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1

ORXVHXPERNRDPERNRLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1$$

ORYHlike, desire, want, accept WDPZD -FL, 9SDV

ORZHUSDUWVRI3ODWHDXwestern direction (and land located there) NXQGRQGHLH:L, E:S2, 1 OXQJVOLSDKXPDSDKXLRL, C1:SF, 1



OXVWdesire OXNRXLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1  0 PDJJRWLKRQJ¶RGLKRQJ¶RLRL, C1:SF, 1 PDJJRWXKRQJ¶RDKRQJ¶RLRL, C1:SF, 1$$ PDL]HOLORPEHPDORPEHLH:L, E:S2, 1  PDL]HFRELQMHOHGLQMHOHLFL, B:S1, 1  PDL]HFRE(empty) FKLNRNRORZD YLNRNRORZDLLLL:L, D1:no H, 1 PDL]HFRE(empty) FKLNRNZDYLNRNZD LL:L, D1:no H, 1 PDL]HFREleaves of OLKDKLPDKDKL LRL, C1:SF, 1

PDL]HSODQWknockly part of the stem of a LPLQGLGLPLQGLLRL, C1:SF, 1 PDL]HSODQWleaves of OLNZDWLPDNZDWL LRL, C1:SF, 1 PDL]HSODQWplume on top of LQ\DQMD GLQ\DQMDLL:L, D1:no H, 1 0DNRQGHlanguage, nature FKLPDNRQGH LHFL, D2:H.no H, 1 0DNRQGHperson PPDNRQGH YDPDNRQGHLHFL, D2:H.no H, 1 PDOHDFKLOXPHHLH:L, 3FRQ PDQQQXPHYDOXPHLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1  PDQIXOOJURZQQDQQXPHHHFL, D2:H.no H, 1D" PDQJR\HPEHGL\HPEHRL/LRL, C1:SF, 1FF

0DUDEDdialect, nature FKLPDODED LHFL, D2:H.no H, 1

0DUDEDperson PPDODEDYDPDODED LHFL, D2:H.no H, 1 PDUNof a wound or injury OLYDQJD

PDYDQJDLRL, C1:SF, 1 PDUULDJHLQGRZDGLQGRZDLRL, C1:SF, 1 PDUULDJHXORPELPDORPELLRL, C1:SF, 1 PDUULDJHSURSRVHSRVD-FL, 9FDXV PDUU\(of man) ORPED-H:L, 9 PDUU\(of woman) ORPEZD-FL, 9SDV PDUVKPDQJRRVH(Sw. nguchiro) QWDYDODPDWDYDODLHFL, B:S1, 1 PDVNFKLKXNXKXNXYLKXNXKXNX LHHL:L, B:S1, 1 PDVWHU➙ grandfather PDVWHUhusband QQJ¶DQGDYDQJ¶DQGD HRL, C2:H.SF, 1

1

PHGLFLQHSXW(on wound) PDWLND -HH:L, 9

PHHWKLPDQD-HH:L, 9

PHHWcome across, find NRG\D-FL, 9 FDXV PHHWeach other NRG\DQD-HFL, 9 PHOWQ\HOHPEXND-HHH:L, 9 PHOWWXQJXQ\XND-HHH:L, 9 PHQVWUXDWH➙ waist PHQWLRQname WDPEXOD-HH:L, 9 PHQWLRQQDPHRIWKHFODQwhen hitting

the animal (while hunting) OXPED -H:L, 9

PLGGOHin the middle, among, between FKLQJ¶DWLLH:L, E:S2, 1

PLGGOHLQWKHwithin QNDWLLRL, C1:SF, 1

PLONPDYHOHLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 PLON➙ squeeze

PLON\MXLFHgot from grated coconut (Sw. tui) XKXPEZHLL:L, D1:no H, 1 

PLOOHWQWDPDPLWDPDLFL, B:S1, 1 PLOOHWsp. OLKRQMHLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1" PLOOHWsp. (Sw. ulezi) XWDQLLH:L, E:S2,

1 PLOOHWHDUOLSXKLPDSXKLLRL, C1:SF, 1  PLOOHWVWDONOXSDPEDKLGLPDPEDKL LHFL, B:S1, 1 PLOOHWVWDONsweet FKLNRWDYLNRWDLRL, C1:SF, 1 PLOOLSHGHFKDQJRORY\DQJRORHRL, C2:H.SF, 1

PLUURUpane of glass; pl. eyeglasses FKLORORYLORORHRL, C2:H.SF, 1 PLUURU(implement of divination) FKLORORYLORORLL:L, D1:no H, 1 PLVFDUULDJHXNXOXKDLHFL, B:S1, 1 PLVFDUULDJH(stillborn child) GLQMDKDQJRLLRL, C1:SF, 1 PLVFDUULDJHKDYHNXOXKD-HFL, 9 FDXV PLVFKLHYRXVFKLOGOLNXWXNXWX PDNXWXNXWXLLHFL, E:S2, 1 PLVFKLHYRXVFKLOGOLYHOXPDYHOXLRL, C1:SF, 1 PLVIRUWXQHFKLKDNDXLHH:L, A:S1/SF, 1

PL[collect together, add NXQGDQ\D -HFL, 9FDXV

PRFNridicule, gossip OHPEXOD-HH:L, 9

PRGHVW\➙ shame

PRQH\(formerly rupee) OXSLDGLPLD LFL, B:S1, 1 PRQNH\(Sw. kima) LQ\LPDGLQ\LPD LH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 PRQNH\(Sw. kima) XQ\LPDDQ\LPD LH:L, A:S1/SF, 1$$ PRQNH\(Sw. nyani) OLQJZHOH PDQJZHOHLH:L, E:S2, 1 PRQNH\(Sw. tumbili) FKLWXPELOL YLWXPELOLLHFL, B:S1, 1 PRQWK➙ moon PRRQmonth PZHGLP\HGLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 PRUQLQJXO\DPEDHRL, C2:H.SF, 1 PRUWDUQWXOLPLWXOLLFL, B:S1, 1 PRVTXLWRLQMHQMHPDGLQMHQMHPDLHRL, C2:H.SF, 1 PRVTXLWRXQMHQMHPDDQMHQMHPDLHRL, C2:H.SF, 1$$ PRWKHUDPDPDDFKDPDPD DQJDDPDPDHRL/LHRL/LH:-H:L, C2:H.SF, 1$$ PRWKHUD\XDFKD\XL:L/LH:L, D1:no H, 1$$ PRWKHUDQ\RNZHHRL, C2:H.SF, 1$ PRWKHUQDPZDQDLFL, C2:H.SF, 1 D"

PRWKHUi.e. having given birth (esp. animals) OLNRORLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1" PRWKHU(lying-in woman, i.e. s.o. who

PRXWKNDQ\DGLNDQ\DL:L/LL:L, D1:no H, 1FF

PRXWKLNDQ\DGLNDQ\DLL:L, D1:no H, 1FF

PRYHWRDQGIUR➙ shake: cause to PRYHWRDQGIUR(of eyes) ORODQD

-HH:L, 9

0R]DPELTXH➙ side: other PXFKmany RKHH:L, ?, 3

PXGOLWRSHPDWRSHLRL, C1:SF, 1 PXVKURRPXYDKHGLPEDKHLRL,

C1:SF, 1

PXVKURRPsp. (in the bush) OLYDQJD PDYDQJDLH:L, E:S2, 1 PXVKURRPsp. (in the bush) XZRZD

LRL, C1:SF, 1

PXVLFDOLQVWUXPHQW(bells worn around the ankle as a chain) GLQMXJDLRL, C1:SF, 1

PXVLFDOLQVWUXPHQW(pieces of iron) FKXPDH:L, A:S1/SF, 1

PXVLFDOLQVWUXPHQW(tin can with stick) QQJDQJDPLQJDQJDLH:L, E:S2, 1 

PXVLFDOLQVWUXPHQW(tin with stone inside and stick pierced through) OLVDQMHPDVDQMHLRL, C1:SF, 1 PXVLFLDQQQJ¶ROHDQJ¶ROHHL:L,

D2:H.no H, 1$

0ZHUDlanguage, nature FKLPZHOD HFL, D2:H.no H, 1 0ZHUDperson PPZHODYDPZHODHFL, D2:H.no H, 1 P\DQJXRL, C1:SF, 3SRV 1 QDPHOLQDPDOLQDH:L/LH:L, B:S1, 1  QDPH➙ mention QDUURZEHSHSHND-HH:L, 9 QDYHOLQXQJXGLQXQJXLFL, B:S1, 1  1GRQGHdialect, nature FKLQGRQGHHFL, D2:H.no H, 1 1GRQGHperson QQGRQGHYDQGRQGH HFL, D2:H.no H, 1 QHDUSHSLH:L, A:S1/SF?, , QHDUEHapproach SHSHNHOD-HHH:L, 9 QHFNXNRWLPLNRWLLRL, C1:SF, 1 QHHGOHQWRWDPLWRWDLFL, B:S1, 1 QHHGOHQWRWHORPLWRWHORLHH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 QHJOHFW➙ omit QHLJKERXUQGHQJDQLLLRL, C1:SF, 1  QHSKHZQLHFHP\PZLSZDQJX YLSZDQJXHRL, C2:H.SF, 1" QHVW(of bird) FKLWHKLYLWHKLLH:L, E:S2,

1

QHWOZDXGLQMDXH:L/LH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 

QHZDKDPELHH:L, 3FRQ QH[W(month, etc.) ➙ appear

1JRQLlanguage, nature FKLQJRQLLRL, C1:SF, 1 1JRQLperson QQJRQLYDQJRQLLRL, C1:SF, 1 QLJKWFKLORRL, C1:SF, 1 QLJKWXKLNXLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 1QLPDdialect FKLQQLPDHHFL, D2:H.no H, 1 1QLPDperson PXQQLPDYDQQLPD HHFL, D2:H.no H, 1

QRthere is no, Negative Particle QDQJD L:L, D1:no H, , QRGKLQGLOD-HH:L, 9 QRLVHPDNHDORXGthunder OLQGLPD -HH:L, 9 QRUZDODL:H, C1:SF, , QRVHLPXODGLPXODLRL, C1:SF, 1 QRVWULOV➙ hole, hollow

QRW\HWstill QGXOXL:L, D1:no H, , QRWFKLQIDFH(as decoration) OXOHPER

GLQHPERLFL, B:S1, 1 QRWLFHDEOHEHbe available WDQMLOD

REVWLQDWHEHrefuse to obey SLQJD -H:L, 9

RIIHUSUHVHQWfor a special occasion, esp. initiation WXG\D-FL, 9FDXV RIWHQ➙ much

RK(exclamation when sth. bad has happened) QJRRFL, B:S1, , RLOOLKXWDPDKXWDLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 RLQWPHQW(perfumed) LQGDXGLQGDX LRL, C1:SF, 1 RLQWPHQW(perfumed): type of QNXORPLNXORLRL, C1:SF, 1 RNUDELQGDGLELQGDRL/LRL, C1:SF, 1 FF

ROGof the past DWDQJXHFL, 3FRQ ROGused (things) ➙ worn out; ➙ rag;

➙ broken; ➙ homestead: abandoned ROGEHhealthy and strong NRPDOD

-HH:L, 9

ROGEH(of people) NRQJRSDOD -HHH:L, 9

RPLWneglect, leave (in a certain condition) OHNHOHOD-HHH:L, 9 RQHa(n), some PRRL, C1:SF, 3 RQO\in vain, for free, no matter FKLKL

L:L, D1:no H, 1 RSHQunfasten FKLPXOD-HH:L, 9 RSSRUWXQLW\space OLWHVDPDWHVDLL:L, D1:no H, 1 RUHPDRL, C1:SF, , RUDQJHOLFKXQJZDPDFKXQJZDLFL, B:S1, 1 RUSKDQQFKLYDYDFKLYDLFL, D2:H.no H, 1 RWKHUQMLFL, C2:H.SF, 3 RXUHWXRL, C1:SF, 3SRV RXWVLGHSDZHOXLH:L, E:S2, 1 RYHUWXUQrevenge SLQGLNXOD-HHH:L, 9 RZOQDPDKLKLDQDPDKLKL LLRL/LHHRL, C1:SF, 1D$ RZOsp. OLXNXPDXNXLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1



3

SDGORFNQWLNXORPLWLNXORLHH:L, A:S1/SF, 1

SDOP(of hand) OL\DQGDPD\DQGDLRL,

C1:SF, 1 SDSD\DOLSDSDLPDSDSDLLHFL, B:S1, 1 SDUW➙ half SDUWULGJHLQDPELOLGLQDPELOLLHFL, B:S1, 1 SDUWULGJHXQDPELOLDQDPELOLLHFL, B:S1, 1$$ SDUWULGJHsp. OLNRZHPDNRZHLRL, C1:SF, 1 SDVVgo on SLWD-H:L, 9 SDVVabateKDSXND-HH:L, 9

SDVVDJH(e.g. through a forest) OXKHQJR GLKHQJRLRL, C1:SF, 1 SDVWof the past ➙ formerly (former

days: of) SDWKroad LQGLODGLQGLODLRL, C1:SF, 1 SDWURQQNXQJXVLWLOLYDNXQJXVLWLOL LHHHL:L, D2:H.no H, 1 SD\OLSD-H:L, 9 SHDLPZHGRGLPZHGRLRL, C1:SF, 1  SHDQXWQWHVDPLWHVDLL:L, D1:no H, 1 

SHHO➙ scrape off

SHHORIISXNXVXOD-HHH:L, 9 SHQLVFKLWRQJRYLWRQJRLRL, C1:SF, 1  SHQLVFKLYRORYLYRORLFL, B:S1, 1 SHRSOHRXWVLGHWKHIDPLO\PPLGL YDPLGLHFL, D2:H.no H, 1 SHSSHULPLOLSLOLGLPLOLSLOLLHHL:L, B:S1, 1 SHUKDSVSDQMLFL, C2:H.SF, 3 SHUKDSVFKLSDQMLHFL, D2:H.no H?, , SHUKDSVSDQMLNDLH:L, A:S1/SF, , SHUKDSVmaybe, I don’t know NZDOL

H:L, A:S1/SF?, , SHULRG➙ time

 SLJXQJXOXYHDQJXOXYHLLRL, C1:SF, 1 $$ SLJZLOGLPEDQJRGLPEDQJRLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 SLJZLOGXPEDQJRDPEDQJRLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1$$ SLJHRQSHDLPHQHGLPHQHLRL, C1:SF, 1 SLOHXSOXQGDQ\D-HFL, 9FDXV SLOHXSthings upside down EXOLND

-HH:L, 9

SLOODUFKLSDQGDYLSDQGDLFL, B:S1, 1 

SLQ¶VKHDGin left wing of the nose (as decoration) FKLSLQLYLSLQLLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 SLQHDSSOHFKLNRRYLNRRLRL, C1:SF, 1  SLW\FKLGLGLHFL, B:S1, 1 SODFHSDFKLQXLRL, C1:SF, 1 SODFHSDKDOLLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 SODLWWLYD-H:L, 9 SODLW➙ twist

SODLWHGSLHFHLQPDWwhere two lengths come together PPLOLPLYLOLLFL, B:S1, 1

SODQHLQGHJHGLQGHJHLRL, C1:SF, 1 

SODQWSDQGD-H:L, 9 SODVWHUa wall PDWD-H:L, 9 SODVWHU(for making pots) ZXQXH:L,

A:S1/SF, 1 SOD\QJ¶DQD-H:L, 9

SOD\LQJJURXQG(celebrations) SDOLSDQGDLLL:L, D1:no H, 1 SOHDVDQWEHbe sweet, enjoy QRZD

-H:L, 9

SOHDVHmake beautiful, suit PDLOD -HH:L, 9

SOHDVHmake happy DQJDOD-HH:L, 9 SOHDVHGEHbe attractive WDNDWD

-HH:L, 9

SOHLDGHVFKLNXWLLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 SOXFN(fowl) NXZD-H:L, 9

SOXFNgather (beans, fruit, wild greens) KHSD-H:L, 9

SOXFNHGIRRGe.g. fruit FKLKHSRYLKHSR

LRL, C1:SF, 1

SOXJcork FKLGLXYLGLXLRL, C1:SF, 1 

SRLQW(with finger) RORWD-HH:L, 9 SRNHLQWRNRFKD-H:L, 9

SRNHXSput more wood on fire NRQ\HOD-HH:L, 9

SROHfor two loads QWHQJDPLWHQJDLRL, C1:SF, 1

SROHVLVXQJXODGLVXQJXODLHRL, C2:H.SF, 1

SROLFH(local, during colonial time) PDWL\DODLHFL, B:S1, 1 SRRO➙ lake; ➙ rainy season SRUULGJHVWLIIFDVVDYDQWDQGDVD PDWDQGDVDLLL:L, D1:no H, 1 SRUWLRQ➙ half SRVLWLRQ➙ size SRVVLEOHEH➙ able: be SRWFKLORRQJRYLORRQJRLLFL, E:S2, 1 

SRW(for cooking) FKLWHOHNRYLWHOHNR LLRL, C1:SF, 1

SRW(for cooking) OLKDQMDPDKDQMD LL:L, D1:no H, 1

SRWfor water (big) OLWHQGHPDWHQGH LH:L, A:S1/SF, 1

SRWZDWHU(small) QQDQJHORPLODQJHOR LHFL, B:S1, 1

SRWDWRsp. (round shape) PDQGDOH LH:L, E:S2, 1 SRWDWRVZHHWQNDPEHPLNDPEHLH:L, E:S2, 1 SRWDWRVZHHWsp. (tall) OXYDOHGLPEDOH LRL, C1:SF, 1 SRWVKHUGOLSDSDPDSDSDLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 SRXQG(grains) WLSXOD-HH:L, 9 SRXQG(grains) WZDQJD-H:L, 9 SRXQG(grains) WZDH:L, 9 SRXQG(leaves) ➙ smash SRXU\DNDQ\D-HFL, 9FDXV SRXURXWspill PZDGLOD-HH:L, 9 SRZGHUWUDGLWLRQDOLQXPEDWLLHFL, B:S1, 1" SRZHU➙ strength SUD\➙ ask for

LRL, C1:SF, 1"

SUHJQDQF\embryo FKLWXPERYLWXPER LRL, C1:SF, 1

SUHJQDQWEHLNXWD-HH:L, 9 SUHJQDQWPDNH(a woman) WZDOLG\D

-HFL, 9FDXV

SUHSDUHarrange, put in order, clean NDWDSDG\D-HHL:L, 9FDXV SUHSDUHRQHVHOIto do sth. which needs

strength OLWXPED-HRL, 9UHIO SUHVHQWfor a special occasion (esp.

initiation) LQXG\RGLQXG\RLL:L, D1:no H, 1

SUHVHQWfor a special occasion (esp. initiation) GLQJ¶RPEHLRL, C1:SF, 1  SUHVHQWEH➙ sufficient: be SUHVHQWO\➙ hereafter SUHVV➙ touch SUHVVWLJKWsqueeze EDQD-H:L, 9 SUHVVWLJKWsqueeze NDED-H:L, 9 SUHWHQGOLODPELOD-HLRL, 9UHIO SUHWHQG(to be good, nice, etc., in order

to get sth.) WZHVD-FL, 9FDXV SUHYHQWhinder GLYLOD-HH:L, 9 SULFNpierce FKRFKD-H:L, 9 SULYDWHSDUWOXNXQGXGLQJ¶XQGXLFL, B:S1, 1 SUREOHPVEULQJWXQGXZLOD-HHH:L, 9 SUREOHPVJHWbe afflicted EDQLND

-HH:L, 9

SUREOHPVKDYHKXYD-H:L, 9 SURVSHUrejoice SRND-H:L, 9 SURWHFWagainst evil OLFKLOLQJDQ\D

-HHLL:L, 9UHIOFDXV SURXGRIRQHVHOIEHboast OLQRZD -HRL, 9UHIO SXEHUW\JHWWR(boys) XOXPXND -HHH:L, 9 SXEHUW\JHWWR(girls) YD\XND-HH:L, 9 SXEOLFO\SDPHKRLH:L, E:S2, 1 SXIIDGGHUFKLQ\HPDYLYLQ\HPDYL LHRL, C2:H.SF, 1 SXOO(firmly) XWD-H:L, 9 SXOO(softly) KROROD-HH:L, 9 SXOORXWuproot GREROD-HH:L, 9 SXOYHUL]HGXGXGD-HH:L, 9 SXPSNLQsp. (watery) OLNRQJ¶ZH PDNRQJ¶ZHLL:L, D1:no H, 1 SXPSNLQIUXLWOLWLQMLPDWLQMLHRL, C2:H.SF, 1 SXPSNLQSODQWQWLQMLPLWLQMLHRL, C2:H.SF, 1 SXPSNLQVHHGLQLQMLGLQLQMLHRL, C2:H.SF, 1 SXQLVKWXELVD-HFL, 9FDXV SXUSRVHRQQDPDGLLRL, C1:SF, , SXVK(once) JRQJ¶ROD-HH:L, 9 SXVK(over and over again) KLQJLOLKD

-HHL:L, 9FDXV SXWplace ➙ lay down

SXWDORDGon the head with the help of s.o. ➙ shake: cause to

SXWDERYHSDOLOD-HH:L, 9 SXWLQRUGHU➙ prepare SXWLQWRWD\D-H:L, 9

SXWPHGLFLQHon wound with finger OHPED-H:L, 9 SXWRQILUH➙ boil SXWVLGHZD\VSHQHND-HH:L, 9 S\WKRQLKDWRGLKDWRLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1  S\WKRQXKDWRDKDWRLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 $$ 4 TXDUUHOSZDWD-H:L, 9 TXDUUHOwar LQJ¶RQGRGLQJ¶RQGRLFL, B:S1, 1

TXDUUHOwith each other SZDWDQD -HH:L, 9

TXDUUHOVRPHFKLKRQJDKRQJDLHHH:L, A:S1/SF, 1

TXDUWHU(of town or village) OXZXQJR GLPEXQJRLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 TXLFNO\XSHKLLFL, B:S1, 1 TXLHWEHkeep quiet Q\DODOD-HH:L, 9

UDLQVGUL]]OLQJFKLXPELLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 UDLQVHDUO\LPEXQWXLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1  UDLQVODWHQDQJZDRLL:L, D1:no H, 1 D UDLQ\VHDVRQpool, puddle FKLKXNR YLKXNRLRL, C1:SF, 1 UDLVHXS(in order to prop) FKLNXOD

-HH:L, 9

UDSH(a woman) ➙ end: come to an UDVKQDPPDWDHHL:L, D2:H.no H, 1 D UDVKFKLSHOHLRL, C1:SF, 1 UDWOLNXOHPDNXOHLFL, B:S1, 1 UDWQNXOHPDNXOHLFL, B:S1, 1 UDWsp. OLOXWXPDOXWXLFL, B:S1, 1 UDYHOXED-H:L, 9 UD]RUFKLMHPEHYLMHPEHLH:L, E:S2, 1  UHDFKKZLNDQLOD-HHH:L, 9 UHDGVRPD-H:L, 9 UHDG\➙ real UHDOright, ready PXKLXLH:L, A:S1/SF?, , UHDS➙ follow

UHDUbreed, keep in confinement ODQJD -H:L, 9 UHDU(child) OHOD-H:L, 9 UHDVRQcause OL\RQJRPD\RQJRLRL, C1:SF, 1 UHEXNH➙ scold UHFHLYHSZHFKHOD-HH:L, 9 UHFHLYH(sth. out of s.o.’s hand) ➙ do UHFODLPORQJDQD-HH:L, 9

UHFRYHUlive/exist long ODPD-H:L, 9 UHGDQDKXYLHLH:L, 3FRQ

UHGEHKXYLOLOD-HHH:L, 9 UHGHHPNRPEROD-HH:L, 9 UHIUHVK➙ taste (food) UHIXVH➙ deny

UHIXVHto give sth. to s.o. LPD-H:L, 9 UHMRLFHKDQJDODOD-HHH:L, 9 UHMRLFHWDPED-H:L, 9 UHO\RQ(fellows) GRZHOD-HH:L, 9 UHPDLQLVDOLOD-HHH:L, 9 UHPHPEHUthink NXPEXNLOD-HHH:L, 9 UHPLQGNXPEXVD-HFL, 9FDXV UHPRYHZHHGV➙ scratch skin with

force UHSHDWLOD-H:L, 9 UHSHDWXLOD-HH:L, 9 UHSO\respond \DPEXNLOD-HHH:L, 9 UHVSHFWobey NXQJXPLND-HHH:L, 9 UHVSHFWGLJQLW\EHKDYHZLWKOLPXND -HH:L, 9 UHVW\RZHOD-HH:L, 9 UHVW\RZHOHOD-HHH:L, 9 UHVWOHVVEHfeel uncomfortable OLSZHOHOD-HLRL, 9UHIO UHWXUQX\D-H:L, 9 UHYHQJH➙ overturn UHYLYHG\XKD-FL, 9FDXV ULEOXYDXGLPEDXLRL, C1:SF, 1 ULFH(the husked grain) QQ\HOHPL\HOH

LFL, B:S1, 1 ULFH(the plant) PSXQJDPLSXQJDLRL, C1:SF, 1 ULFHFRRNHGLPDQGDGLPDQGDLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 ULGGOHQDFKLKHLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1D ULGGOHDQVZHUWRQDFKLODZDLHFL, B:S1, 1D ULGLFXOH➙ mock ULJKWQQLORPLOLORLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 ULJKWcorrect PZDKDH:L, A:S1/SF?, , ULJKWjustice OXQGDRL, C1:SF, 1 ULJKWVHWtend RQJROHOD-HHH:L, 9 ULSHEDGO\KXQD-H:L, 9 ULSHQODSDWD-HH:L, 9 ULSHQ(itr.) XOD-H:L, 9

URRWGHDG(found when clearing a field) OLWXSDPDWXSDLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1

URSHQGLGLPLGLGLLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 URSHfor building OLGLQJLORPDGLQJLOR

LLRL, C1:SF, 1 URSH(to tie animals)

OXWRQGRORGLQRQGRORLLRL, C1:SF, 1  URSHtype of QFKLQ\LPDODPLFKLQ\LPDOD LLLRL, C1:SF, 1 URSHWZLVWHGOXZRLGLPERLLRL, C1:SF, 1 URWWHQEHNDQGLND-HH:L, 9 URXQGJRGLQJXND-HH:L, 9 UXEELVKKHDSFKLWXWDYLWXWDLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 UXLQEULQJWRWLQGLQJD-HH:L, 9 UXQDZD\WLOD-H:L, 9 UXQDZD\WXNXWD-HH:L, 9 UXVWOH(in shrubs) NDFKDNDFKD-HHH:L, 9UHG UXVWOH(sheets of paper) ZD\D-H:L, 9 5XYXPDOXXPDLFL, B:S1, 1" 6 VDFULILFHXQ\RORGLQ\RORLRL, C1:SF, 1  VDOLYDPDMRMROLLHH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 VDOWPXQ\XH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 VDPHthe very one QDQJ¶R-H:L, E:S2,

3 VDQGQQ\DQJLHRL, C2:H.SF, 1 VDQGQVDQJLHRL, C2:H.SF, 1 VDQG\JURXQGOLWLPEZLVLLLH:L, E:S2, 1 VDWLVILHGEH(food) LNXWD-HH:L, 9 VDWLVILHGJHWWROHOD-HH:L, 9 VDYDQQDKPDNROREHNRLLLRL, C1:SF, 1 VDYHbe saved SRKD-FL, 9FDXV VD\FKLH:L, 9 VD\LQJOLORQMHGLPDORQMHGLLLRL, C1:SF, 1 VFDUOLNZDQGDPDNZDQGDLRL, C1:SF, 1 VFDWWHUPZDGLODQ\D-HHL:L, 9FDXV VFDWWHUHGDEURDGEHNDQJD-H:L, 9 VFROGrebuke GXPD-H:L, 9 VFROGrebuke NDOLSD-HH:L, 9 VFRRSZDWHU➙ burn up VFRUFKHGEHbe burnt S\DH:L, 9 VFRUQdespise SHQGD-H:L, 9 VFRUSLRQFKLYDODYDODYLYDODYDOD LHHH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 VFUDSHRIIpeel NZDQJD-H:L, 9 VFUDWFKpeck; harvest groundnuts SDOD

-H:L, 9

VFUDWFKVNLQYDYD-H:L, 9

VFUDWFKVNLQforcefully; remove weeds WXYD-H:L, 9

VFUHDPmake noise Q\RNRQ\D-HFL, 9 FDXV

VFUHDP(shrill scream) OXOXWD-HH:L, 9 VFUHDP(until exhaustion) OLGLOD-HRL,

9UHIO

VFUHHQ(used in hunting) FKLXPEL YLXPELLRL, C1:SF, 1 VHDUFK➙ look for

VHFRQGDYLOLHFL, 3FRQ VHFRQGGD\DIWHUWRPRUURZ SDO\DPEDSRLHFH, 1 VHGXFHWRQJRVD-HFL, 9FDXV VHHfeel RQD-H:L, 9 VHHGLPEH\XGLPEH\XLFL, B:S1, 1  VHL]HNDPXOD-HH:L, 9 VHOIHQHFL, ?, 3$ VHOOVXPLVD-HFL, 9FDXV VHPHQXELODLFL, B:S1, 1 VHQGcause to go SHOHNHG\D-HHL:L, 9 FDXV VHQG(person) WXPD-H:L, 9 VHQGRQin advance, put forward

ORQJROHG\D-HHL:L, 9FDXV VHSDUDWHdivorce KDSXNDQD-HHH:L,

9

VHUYHIRRG➙ take off fire VHVDPHXOHQGHLFL, B:S1, 1 VHW(of sun) VZDH:L, 9

VHWGRZQ(e.g. take load from head and put it on the ground) WXOD-H:L, 9 VHZWRWD-H:L, 9

VH[XDOLQWHUFRXUVHKDYHWXSLOD -HH:L, 9

-HH:L, 9

VKDGRZ(of people) FKLPEZDKHGL YLPEZDKHGLHHH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 VKDGRZ(of people) FKLPEZHKHGL

YLPEZHKHGLHHH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 VKDGRZ(of things) PPEZHKD

PLPEZHKDHRL, C2:H.SF, 1 VKDNH(tr. and itr.) WLNLQ\D-HFL, 9

FDXV

VKDNHFDXVHWRmove fro and to; put load on head with s.o.’s help WLND -H:L, 9 VKDNHRIIPLVD-FL, 9FDXV VKDPHmodesty GLKRQLLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 VKDSHcreate XPED-H:L, 9 VKDUHNXQGDQLOD-HHH:L, 9 VKDUSEH➙ do VKDUSHQWHPD-H:L, 9 VKDUSHQ(knife) NZLFKDNZLFKD -HHH:L, 9UHG VKDUSHQWHHWKKDQJROD-HH:L, 9 VKDYHcut all hair of head PRZD-H:L,

9 VKHGQJRQJZHPLJRQJZHLL:L, D1:no H, 1 VKHHSLQJRQGRORGLQJRQGRORLLRL, C1:SF, 1 VKHHSXQJRQGRORDQJRQGRORLLRL, C1:SF, 1$$ VKLQHYDOD-H:L, 9

VKLQHburn (of fire), feel hot \DND -H:L, 9

VKLYHUtremble WHWHPD-HH:L, 9 VKLYHUVWKHFKLWHWHLFL, B:S1, 1 VKRHsandal FKLODWXYLODWXLRL, C1:SF,

1

VKRRW(arrow, gun) ERED-H:L, 9 VKRUWDQDQMLSLHHH:L, 3FRQ VKRUWEHLQMLSDOD-HHH:L, 9 VKRUWEHLSLND-HH:L, 9 VKRUWSHUVRQYHU\➙ leg: calf of VKRXOGHUOLYDODPDYDODLH:L, E:S2, 1



VKRXWtalk much and lively SZDKLND -HH:L, 9

VKRZODQJXG\D-HFL, 9FDXV VKRZDGLVDSSURYLQJVLJQwith mouth

OXQJXGXOD-HHH:L, 9 VKRZRQHVHOIby a certain way of

dancing GRNDGRND-HHH:L, 9UHG VKXWfasten; hate FKLPD-H:L, 9 VKXWH\HVNRQLG\D-HFL, 9FDXV VLEOLQJof opposite sex: elder QQXPEX

YDOXPEXLRL, C1:SF, 1 VLEOLQJof same sex: elder; the eldest

sibling irrespective of sex QNXOX YDNXOXLFL, D2:H.no H, 1 VLEOLQJof same sex: younger

QQXQJ¶XQHYDQXQJ¶XQHLHH:L, A:S1/SF, 1

VLEOLQJof the opposite sex: younger PZDQHWXYDQHWXLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1  VLFNSHUVRQQQZHOHYDOZHOHLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 VLFNQHVVXOZHOHPDOZHOHLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1

VLGHRWKHU(e.g. of river, valley), beyond LQJ¶DPERGLQJ¶DPERLH:L, E:S2, 1

VLHYHFKHNHFKHNHLLRL, C1:SF, 1 VLIWSHWD-H:L, 9

VLIWJUDLQby shaking SXOD-H:L, 9 VLIWJUDLQby trossing XOXOXKD-HHL:L,

9FDXV

VLIWLQJEDVNHWFKLSHWRYLSHWRLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1

VLIWLQJEDVNHW(long) OLNDODODPDNDODOD LHFL, B:S1, 1

VLIWLQJEDVNHW(round, small) OLMDPDQGD PDMDPDQGDLLFL, E:S2, 1 VLQFHbecause PDLNDLRL, C1:SF, , VLQJLPED-H:L, 9

VLQJHNXSXOD-HH:L, 9 VLQNdisappear, vanish WLWLPLOD

-HHH:L, 9 VLVWHU➙ sibling

VLWGRZQstay, live LNDOD-HH:L, 9 VL[QQ\DQRQDPRLLL L RL, 13 VL]Hposition FKDQJDY\DQJDFL, C2:H.SF, 1 VNLQZDXOD-HH:L, 9 VNLQOLPEHQGHPDPEHQGHLH:L, E:S2, 1

E:S2, 1 VNLS(with rope) SXWD-H:L, 9 VN\➙ top VODS➙ beat VODSRII(e.g., flies)\DPLOD-HH:L, 9 VODYHQWXPZDYDWXPZDLFL, D2:H.no H, 1 VOHHSRQD-H:L, 9 VOHHSOXZRQRLRL, C1:SF, 1 VOLFHharvest (cassava) OHQJD-H:L, 9 VPDOODPZDQDHFL, 3FRQ VPDOOGLNLGLNL-HHH:L, A:S1/SF, $ VPDOOG\RNR-H:L, A:S1/SF, $ VPDOOEHFRPHFKDNDSDOD-HHH:L, 9 VPDOOSR[FKLKREDLRL, C1:SF, 1 VPDVKpound leaves SRQGD-H:L, 9 VPHDUOLKZDQJ¶DQLG\D-HHLL:L, 9 UHIOFDXV VPHDUOLSDNDOD-HLRL, 9UHIO VPHOOa scent of s.o. or sth. \DPEXOLOD

-HHH:L, 9 VPLWK\FKLSDODYLSDODLRL, C1:SF, 1  VPRNHO\RKLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 VQDLOLQ\HGLGLQ\HGLLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1  VQDLOXQ\HGLDQ\HGLLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 $$ VQDNHQQ\RQJRPLKRQJRLRL, C1:SF, 1 

VQDNHsp. (big, colours: brown, white, black and yellow) OLSDWHODPDSDWHOD LLFL, E:S2, 1

VQDNHsp. (big, green) QDPDKDPED DFKDQDPDKDPEDLHFL/LHHHFL, B:S1, 1D$

VQDNHsp. (big, very fast, brown, white) FKLVDQJDYLVDQJDLFL, B:S1, 1 VQDNHsp. (big, very poisonous, black, rising) QDFKLKXQJRDFKDQDYLKXQJR LLRL/LHHLRL, C1:SF, 1D$ VQDNHsp. (long, brown) OXNXNXWX

GLQJ¶XNXWXLHH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 VQDNHsp. (of medium size, brown,

yellow) QQDOXDFKDQQDOX LFL/LHHFL, B:S1, 1$ VQDNHsp. (related to python) LKXKL GLKXKLLRL, C1:SF, 1 VQDNHsp. (related to python) XKXKL DKXKLLRL, C1:SF, 1$$ VQDNHsp. (small, black) QDPDOXWX

DFKDQDPDOXWXLHRL/LHHHRL, C2:H.SF, 1D$

VQDNHsp. (small, very poisonous, making jumping movements) FKLVXPLODYLVXPLODLHFL, B:S1, 1 

VQHH]H➙ put into VQRUHNRORPD-HH:L, 9

VQXII(of tobacco) OLSRVDPDSRVDLL:L, D1:no H, 1 VQXIIWDNHD(tobacco) QXVDFL, 9 FDXV VQXIIWDNHD(tobacco) WRQD-H:L, 9 VRDQGVRsuch a one QMRRQLHRL, C2:H.SF, ,

VRLO(clay) XORRQJRLLFL, E:S2, 1 VRLO(clay) XWRSHLRL, C1:SF, 1 VRLOUHG(used as building material)

LQJXQMDGLQJXQMDLFL, B:S1, 1 VRLOUHG(used as building material)

FKLNXQGDYLNXQGDLFL, B:S1, 1 VRLOZKLWHOLKDQJDKLLLRL, C1:SF, 1 " VROLWDULQHVVloneliness XFKLYDLFL, B:S1, 1 VRQJOXKLPRGLKLPRLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1  VRQJOXKLPXGLKLPXLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1  VRRWPDFKLOLLFL, B:S1, 1 VRUFHUHUQQ\DYLYDKDYLLFL, D2:H.no H, 1 VRUURZ➙ sorry: be VRUU\EHKLQJLQLND-HHH:L, 9 VRUU\EHVLNLWLND-HHH:L, 9 VRXUWDVWHunripe FKLFKLPD-HH:L, 9 VRXUFHRIKHDWDQGOLJKW(sun, fire, torch) QFKHQMHLL:L, D1:no H, 1" VSDUNOHbe bright (lightning, colours of

DQDPLNDNDWDPEZHLLLLL:L/ LHHLLL:L, D1:no H, 1D$ VSLGHUZHEXVLPLXVLRL/LRL, C1:SF,

1

VSLNH(used with hoes to fix the blade to the handle) OXSLSLGLPLSLLFL, B:S1, 1

VSLOO➙ pour out

VSLULW(ancestral) OLKRNDPDKRNDLRL, C1:SF, 1 VSLULWheart, soul LVXQJXGLVXQJXLFL, B:S1, 1 VSLULWdemon (Sw. jini) LPXGLPXRL, C1:SF, 1 VSLWVXQD-H:L, 9

VSLWRXW(small thing) SHPED-H:L, 9 VSOLWcleave YDQJD-H:L, 9

VSOLWcleave, burst SDVXOD-HH:L, 9 VSUHDGinfect HQHOHOD-HHH:L, 9 VSUHDGlay down ODG\D-FL, 9FDXV VSULQJXS➙ bear fruit

VSURXWshoot up KLSXND-HH:L, 9 VSURXWshoot up PHOD-H:L, 9 VTXDWQ\RQ\RPDOD-HHH:L, 9 VTXHH]HNDPLOD-HH:L, 9 VTXHH]Hmassage NDGD-H:L, 9 VTXHH]Hmilk PLQ\D-H:L, 9 VTXHH]HVNLQFKXNXGXOD-HHH:L, 9 VWDON(of the smaller kind of grains)

OXFKHFKHGLQ\HFKHLFL, B:S1, 1  VWDQGLPLOD-HH:L, 9 VWDQGRQWRHVGDGDPLOD-HHH:L, 9 VWDQGXSarise, start WDNDWXND-HHH:L, 9 VWDULQRQGZDGLQRQGZDLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 VWD\➙ sit down VWD\EHKLQGLVDOD-HH:L, 9 VWHDOLYD-H:L, 9 VWHPOLOHQJDPDOHQJDLRL, C1:SF, 1  VWHSLQNDGDPED-HH:L, 9 VWLFN (for beating) FKLNRQJRYLNRQJR

LFL, B:S1, 1

VWLFN(for beating) FKLNRQJ¶RYLNRQJ¶R LFL, B:S1, 1

VWLFN(to walk with) EDNRODGLEDNROD

LFL/LLFL, E:S2, 1FF VWLFN(to walk with) QNDQJRMR

PLNDQJRMRLLRL, C1:SF, 1 VWLFNheavy, cudgel LQGRQJDGLQGRQJD

LFL, B:S1, 1

VWLFNWRadhere WDSXND-HH:L, 9 VWLFNVkind of (long and thin)

OXYDODYDODGLPEDODYDODLHHL:L, B:S1, 1

VWLOO➙ now; not yet

VWLQJbeak OXORPRGLQGRPRLRL, C1:SF, 1 VWLQNQXQJ¶D-H:L, 9 VWLUNRORYD-HH:L, 9 VWRPDFKOLSLWLKXPDSLWLKXLLH:L, A:S1/SF, 1 VWRQHOL\DQJDPD\DQJDLFL, B:S1, 1  VWRQHof mango LQJRNZDGLQJRNZD LH:L, A:S1/SF, 1

VWRQHused with firesticks

LKRQGRGLKRQGRLRL, C1:SF, 1 VWRQHURXQG(for smoothening

surfaces, e.g. pots) LQJ¶XOXQJX GLQJ¶XOXQJXLLRL, C1:SF, 1 VWRROFKLJRGDYLJRGDLFL, B:S1, 1 VWRRSbend down WHSD-H:L, 9 VWRS(doing sth.) ➙ leave VWRUDJHof produce LQJ¶RNZHGLQJ¶RNZH LL:L, D1:no H, 1

VWRUDJHRIproduce: type of (plaited of grass) OLFKHKHPDFKHKHLRL, C1:SF, 1 VWRUDJHRISURGXFHtype of OLNXQJZL PDNXQJZLLRL, C1:SF, 1 VWRU\QWDQRPLWDQRLRL, C1:SF, 1 VWRU\OXWDQRGLQDQRLRL, C1:SF, 1  VWUDLJKWEHQ\RND-H:L, 9 VWUDLJKWPDNHFRPSOHWHO\knead NDQGD-H:L, 9 VWUDLJKWHQXGXOD-HH:L, 9 VWUDQJHU➙ guest

VWUDZ(for drinking beer, unfermented drink) OXSHKXGLPHKXLH:L, E:S2, 1