APPENDIX 1: Entry Mode Commitment
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Low High
Entry Mode Commitment
1 = Export through foreign agent 2 = Direct export
3 = Minority participation 4 = Non-equity alliance 5 = Joint venture
6 = Majority participation 7 = Subsidiary
APPENDIX 2: Mean Entry Rank
MER-value of targeted foreign countries
Rank Number of Entry
Country 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th MER
UK 6 3 5 6 3 23 11,27
USA 5 7 2 3 2 19 10,32
Germany 5 3 4 2 5 19 9,33
Belgium 5 0 2 0 3 10 6,27
Austria 4 1 0 2 0 7 5,00
Sweden 4 1 0 0 1 6 4,70
Spain 1 4 1 2 2 10 4,23
Denmark 2 3 1 0 1 7 4,03
Switserland 1 2 1 1 3 8 3,18
Australia 2 0 2 0 0 4 2,67
France 1 0 1 1 4 7 2,38
Italy 0 1 3 0 4 8 2,30
Netherlands 0 3 0 1 2 6 2,15
Singapore 0 1 2 2 2 7 2,07
Finland 1 1 1 0 0 3 1,83
Morocco 1 0 0 1 1 3 1,45
Norway 1 0 0 1 0 2 1,25
Canada 0 1 1 0 1 3 1,03
Estonia 1 0 0 0 0 1 1,00
Philippines 1 0 0 0 0 1 1,00
S. Korea 0 0 1 0 3 4 0,93
China 0 0 0 0 4 4 0,80
New Zealand 0 1 0 1 0 2 0,75
Portugal 0 1 0 0 1 2 0,70
Taiwan 0 1 0 0 1 2 0,70
Japan 0 0 0 1 2 3 0,65
Ireland 0 0 1 0 1 2 0,53
India 0 0 0 1 1 2 0,45
South Africa 0 0 0 0 2 2 0,40
Croatia 0 0 1 0 0 1 0,33
Poland 0 0 1 0 0 1 0,33
Hungary 0 0 0 1 0 1 0,25
United Arab Emirates 0 0 0 1 0 1 0,25
Brunei 0 0 0 0 1 1 0,20
Greece 0 0 0 0 1 1 0,20
Malaysia 0 0 0 0 1 1 0,20
APPENDIX 3: SPSS Results
Table 2 (H1)
One-Sample Statistics
55 4,0545 1,82998 ,24675
EXP N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean
Table 3 (H1)
One-Sample Test
-3,832 54 ,000 -,94545 -1,4402 -,4507
EXP t df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean
Difference Lower Upper 95% Confidence
Interval of the Difference Test Value = 5
Table 4 (H2)
Correlations
1 -,015
,912
55 55
-,015 1
,912
55 55
Pearson Correlation Sig. (2-tailed) N
Pearson Correlation Sig. (2-tailed) N
EXP
SIZE
EXP SIZE
Table 6 (H3)
Descriptives CULDEXP
41 ,9829 1,09070 ,17034 ,6386 1,3271 ,04 4,90
34 1,3255 ,96658 ,16577 ,9883 1,6628 ,03 3,52
30 1,5305 1,12940 ,20620 1,1088 1,9522 ,03 3,84
27 1,8742 1,31742 ,25354 1,3531 2,3954 ,07 5,82
46 2,2002 1,52290 ,22454 1,7480 2,6525 ,24 7,04
178 1,5904 1,30580 ,09787 1,3973 1,7836 ,03 7,04
1 2 3 4 5 Total
N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Lower Bound Upper Bound 95% Confidence Interval for
Mean
Minimum Maximum
Table 7 (H3)
ANOVA CULDEXP
36,908 4 9,227 6,026 ,000
264,897 173 1,531
301,805 177
Between Groups Within Groups Total
Sum of
Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
Table 8 (H3)
Group Statistics
41 ,9829 1,09070 ,17034
137 1,7722 1,31327 ,11220
EXPANSION1OR2 1
2
CULDEXP1OR2 N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error
Mean
Table 9 (H3)
Independent Samples Test
1,266 ,262 -3,502 176 ,001 -,78938 ,22539 -1,23419 -,34456
-3,870 77,925 ,000 -,78938 ,20397 -1,19546 -,38329
Equal variances assumed Equal variances not assumed
CULDEXP1OR2 F Sig.
Levene's Test for Equality of Variances
t df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean
Difference Std. Error
Difference Lower Upper 95% Confidence
Interval of the Difference t-test for Equality of Means
Table 10 (H4abcd)
Correlation between Mean Entry Rank(MER) and CULD, CRISK, GEOD, ECOD MER
1,000 -,404** ,340** -,301** ,263**
. ,000 ,000 ,001 ,004
102 102 102 102 102
Correlation Coefficient Sig. (1-tailed)
N
Spearman's rho MER CULD CRISK GEOD ECOD
Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (1-tailed).
**.
Table 11 (H4a Anglo)
Correlations
1,000 -,679**
. ,000
25 25
-,679** 1,000
,000 .
25 25
Correlation Coefficient Sig. (1-tailed)
N
Correlation Coefficient Sig. (1-tailed)
N MERANGLO
ANGLO
Spearman's rho MERANGLO ANGLO
Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (1-tailed).
**.
Table 12 (H5)
Correlation between TMT diversification and EXP EXP
1,000 -,351**
. ,004
55 55
Correlation Coefficient Sig. (1-tailed)
N
Spearman's rho EXP TMTDIV
Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (1-tailed).
**.
Table 14 (H7abcd)
Correlation between Entry Mode commitment and CULD, CRISK, GEOD, ECOD EM
1,000 -,130* ,245** -,183** ,211**
Correlation Coefficient
Spearman's rho EM EMCULD EMCRISK EMGEOD EMECOD
APPENDIX 4: Country Clusters
Anglo Germanic Latin Europe Nordic
Australia Austria France Denmark
Canada Germany Italy Finland
Ireland Netherlands Portugal Norway
New Zealand Switzerland Spain Sweden
South Africa UK USA
APPENDIX 5: Euromoney country risk index (targeted countries only)
Country Score
Norway 99,07
Switzerland 98,89
USA 96,01
Denmark 95,77
Sweden 94,62
Finland 93,83
UK 93,34
Austria 93,12
Netherlands 92,99
Canada 92,53
Ireland 92,51
Belgium 91,06
Germany 90,86
Japan 90,86
Singapore 90,59
Australia 90,58
France 89,97
New Zealand 87,98
Spain 87,12
Italy 84,74
Taiwan 82,50
Portugal 82,34
Greece 77,42
United Arab Emirates 73,28 South Korea 67,98
Hungary 67,90
Brunei 67,02
Estonia 66,23
Malaysia 63,97
Poland 63,84
Croatia 60,44
China 59,96
South Africa 57,69
India 55,03
Morocco 51,19
Philippines 47,67
