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Beyond ethnic differences in child sexual abuse: Comparative study into child sexual abuse of youth with a non-western ethnic and native Dutch background

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Tilburg University

Beyond ethnic differences in child sexual abuse Okur, Pinar

Publication date:

2015

Document Version

Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record

Link to publication in Tilburg University Research Portal

Citation for published version (APA):

Okur, P. (2015). Beyond ethnic differences in child sexual abuse: Comparative study into child sexual abuse of youth with a non-western ethnic and native Dutch background. Ridderprint BV.

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