The syntax of relativization - Subject Index

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The syntax of relativization

de Vries, M.

Publication date

2002

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Citation for published version (APA):

de Vries, M. (2002). The syntax of relativization. LOT.

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Subjectt Index

A A

ablativee 309,363 cf Case absolutivee 33-34, 363 cf. Case

abstractt see covert, empty, formal (feature) accessibilityy hierarchy 33-34 cf

gram-maticalmatical function hierarchy

accusativee 122-124, 126, 148, 157, 312-313,363,3733 c / Case Across-The-Boardd 227, 246, 255, 270, 295,, 363 cf. Coordinate Structure Constraint Constraint adjacencyy 1, 49-50, 141, 172, 204, 206, 365,407,416 6 adjective/APP 31, 58, 60, 72-73, 120, 184-187,, 207, 224-225, 236-238, 279, 281, 289-291,, 294-297, 299, 303, 317, 347-348,350,363,421 1 adverbiall 238 antecedentt (of RC) 185,207,224-225 attributivee 185, 237-238, 281, 291, 294, 297,299,, 303 complementt of 60,185,236,279 deverball 58, 289, 295 cf participle-adjectiveadjective conversion extractionn from 296-297 extrapositionn of 238, 281, 294, 299 cf. extraposition extraposition predicativee 185-187,238 predicativee adjunct 237, 281, 290-291, 294,296,299,303 3 adjunctionn 7, 17, 20, 33, 40, 55, 69-75, 83-85,, 87, 91-94, 99, 106, 121, 130, 135, 145-146,, 148, 150, 185, 204, 205, 208-209,, 212-213, 217, 235, 237, 239, 241, 243,, 245, 250-251, 254, 256, 259, 261, 264,, 267-268, 272-275, 280-281, 283, 289,, 294, 296, 299, 303, 315, 317, 324, 327,, 349, 351, 380, 413-416, 418-419, 421,424-425 5

analysiss (of ARC) 204, 209, 217 cf

SubordinateSubordinate Clause Hypothesis

hypothesiss (of RC) 74, 83 cf.

D-/N-complementcomplement hypothesis, old standard theory theory left-- 17, 20, 40, 91-94, 130, 145-146, 148,217,250-251,424-425 5 right-right- 70-71, 84-85, 91-93, 205, 208, 212-213,, 217, 235, 239, 241, 243,245, 251,, 256, 261, 264, 267, 349, 413, 415-416,418 8

theoryy of extraposition see

base-generatedgenerated adjunct theory, rightward movementmovement theory

adnominall RC 21-23, 30, 32, 39, 63, 106, 137-138,, 141, 143-147, 149-150, 413, 421,423-424,427-429 9

adnominall possessive dative (311) see

topictopic plus poss. pronoun construction

ad-relativee (22-23, 37, 429) see adnominal

RC RC

adverbb 55, 60, 141, 149, 195, 237, 245, 256,, 261, 267, 272-275, 280, 290-294, 296-298,303 3

coordinativee (271>272-275 relativee 55 cf. relative element

sentencee 195, 237, 267, 280, 290-291, 293-294,297-298,303 3 adverbiall clause 14, 39, 56-57, 65, 149, 237,, 248, 281,294, 296, 299, 303 extractionn from 296 extrapositionn of 237, 248, 281, 294, 299 cf.cf. extraposition adverbiall NP 237-238, 280, 290-291, 294, 296,298,, 303 extractionn from 296 extrapositionn of 237-238, 280, 29Ö-291, 294,2988 cf extraposition adverbiall PP 237, 280, 289-291, 293-294, 296,298,303,317 7 extractionn from 296 extrapositionn of 237, 280, 290-291, 293-294,2988 cf. extraposition adverbiall RC 4, 13, 33, 40, 55-58, 381,

431431 cf grammatical function hierarchy, objectobject RC, subject RC affectivee 346,348-350 featuree 349-350 cf. feature nounn 346, 348-349 operatorr 348 cf operator affixx 31-33, 38-39, 41, 55, 62-63, 136, 141-142,, 155, 166, 173-178, 313, 320, 363,, 365, 374, 376, 381, 383, 400, 402, 430 0

4 6 0 0 S U B J E C TT I N D E X agreementt 173,175,374,380 attributivee 175,374,402 classifierr 175, 374 cf. classifier genitivee 313,320 locativee 41,55 nominalizingg 19, 31, 175-176, 374, 402 cfcf nominalization relativee 31, 33, 38-39, 41, 62-63, 136, 141-142,, 155, 166, 173-175-178, 363, 365,, 374, 376, 400, 402, 430 cf.

complementizercomplementizer (rel.), relative ele-ment,ment, relative particle

resumptivee 374 cf. resumptive pronoun subordinatingg 175, 374 cf. comple-mentizer comple-mentizer temporall 55, 175, 374, 381, 383 agreement t phi-featuree 5, 8, 106, 108, 116,118-119, 121-124,, 130, 137, 141, 155-157, 169, 172,, 174-175, 178, 220-221, 317-318, 323-324,, 326,346-347, 350,374, 419 spec-headd cf spec-head agreement verball 32, 141-142, 166, 171, 173, 187,

264,, 146-147, 350, 363, 380-381. agreementt affix see affix

algorithmm 7

amountt relative (16, 25, 72-73, 414) see

degreedegree relative

anaphorr 9, 30, 32, 78, 80-82, 164, 189, 206,, 235, 257, 262, 272, 364, 422 cf

binding.binding. Principle A

anaphoraa 166, 193 cf. binding, kataphora announcementt 237 antecedentt 1, 4-5, 14, 16-17, 24, 27, 39, 43,, 49, 65-69, 71, 74, 77, 80-83, 86, 105-106,, 108-112, 114, 122, 137-138, 142, 147,, 149, 158, 161, 164-165, 168, 181-182-189,, 191-193, 195, 198-202, 204-210,, 215-220, 222-231, 235, 239-240, 242-243,, 245, 247, 249-250, 253-258, 261-265,, 267, 270, 278, 301, 318, 320, 328,, 334, 351, 353, 356-357, 359-360, 416-422,, 430 cf. head, pivot

human/non-humann see human implicitt see free relative non-DPP 185-186,224-225

pronominall 227-231 cf. free relative,

matching matching

specificity/definitenesss of 182-187 cf.

definite,definite, indefiniteness effect, maximal-ization maximal-ization

splitt see split antecedent

uniquee 74,184 antisymmetryy 3-4, 7-8, 70, 72-73, 84, 86-88,, 97-98, 102-104, 109-110, 127, 129-130,, 132-133, 135, 139, 150, 172, 217, 239,, 241, 243, 267, 421 cf phrase structure structure appellationn 212 cf. apposition applicabilityy 267 appositionn 5-6, 29, 48, 71, 83, 105, 114, 164,, 181, 195, 205, 208, 210-219, 222-223,, 228, 231, 234, 236-238, 254, 269-270,, 279, 283, 285, 287-292, 295, 297, 301-302,351,382,417,419 9 non-restrictivee 71, 181, 211-212, 217, 228,269 9 restrictivee 211-212 semanticss of see semantics

appositivee RC 4-5, 16-18, 23-24, 26-29, 32,, 35-36, 45, 61,, 63-66, 69-71, 74, 82, 85,, 133, 164-165, 181-219, 221-228, 231,, 234-235, 237-238, 293, 312, 330, 337,, 351, 363, 382, 413-420, 431 analysess of 203-210 derivationn of 210-227 misconceptionss on 192,196-203 propertiess of 181-203

semanticss of see semantics

argumentt 10, 34, 81, 105, 113, 116, 119, 121-123,, 134, 138, 140, 142-143, 148, 158,, 170, 209, 219, 223, 236-238, 248, 262,, 267-268, 270, 276-277, 280-282, 290.292-293,318,341,423 3

clausee 248 cf. complement clause of V aspectt 31, 142 cf. mood, tense

assertionn 14, 363

asyndeticc coordination see coordination ATBB see Across-The-Board

attractioo inversa 142,377 cf matching attractioo relativi 172,178 cf. matching attractionn 122-125, 139-140, 172. 317-318,

324,, 333, 419 cf. checking Casee (377) see attractio inversa attributee 32-33,65,313

relativee 65

attributionn 212 cf. apposition

Attributionn function 31-32, 155-163, 170, 177-178,, 212, 269 cf scale,

Sub-ordinationordination function, Gap Construction

attributivee see adjective, affix, particle,

possessive,possessive, scale

S U B J E C TT I N D E X 4 6 1 1

B B

backwardd deletion see deletion balancedd coordination see coordination barrierr 124, 128, 192, 195, 246, 259 cf.

island island

base-generatedd adjunct theory 65, 196, 239,, 241, 243, 245, 247, 249-252, 255-257,259,261-267-2688 cf extraposition base-generatedd complement theory 239-243,, 245, 247, 249-252, 255, 257, 259, 261-262,265-267-2688 cf. extraposition base-generatedd extraposition 65, 196, 206,

239-2688 cf. base-generated adjunct/

complement complement

base-generatedd head hypothesis (of RC) 74,, 83-84

binaryy branching 6, 70, 198, 205, 271, 340

seesee grammar, phrase structure

bindingg 9, 78, 80-82, 105-106, 108, 113, 134,, 137, 140, 181, 189, 191-194, 206, 227,, 243, 261, 267, 269, 272-273, 299, 318,, 320, 417, 419 cf. anaphor,

anaphora,anaphora, coreference, cospecification, kataphora,kataphora, Principle A/C, scope, varia-bleble binding

att the base 243, 261, 267, 269, 299 cf.

extraposition extraposition

Bindingg Theory 81,134,189,206 binominall construction (187, 335,

345-347)) see qualitative construction

Booleann (relation/operator) 213-214 cf.

operator operator

bottom-upp (derivation) 6 cf. top-down boundedness/unboundednesss 116-117,137,

143-144,166,178,192,, 251 cf. island boundednesss at LF 143 cf Complex Noun

PhrasePhrase Constraint

boundingg (71,296, 317) see boundedness branchh (of languages) 366-372 cf. family bridgee 116-117 cf. boundedness

C C

canonicall possession see possession Casee 4-5, 15, 18-20, 40-41, 44, 61, 69, 106,, 108, 112-116, 118-126, 128-130, 134,, 136, 139, 142, 146, 148, 150-152, 155-163,, 166, 169, 170-172, 174-175, 216-217,, 219-222, 228, 230, 238, 242, 260,, 273, 280, 306, 309-310, 312-316, 318-321,, 326, 333, 335, 339-340, 349-351,, 363, 373-374, 376-377, 381, 386, 388-391,, 395, 397-398, 400, 402-404, 406-4099 cf. ablative, absolutive,

accusative,accusative, comitatfve, dative, feature, degenitive,degenitive, ergative, genitive, nomi-native,native, objective

attractionn see attractio inversa

featuree 106,115,118-119,121-124,126, 150-153,157-163,, 169, 280, 315, 333,

cfcf feature, checking, genitive

matchingg see matching syncretismm see matching

categoryy / categorial status 4, 7-8, 43-45, 66,, 75, (111-)114, 122-123, 129, 136, 146,, 158, 160, 172, 189, 204, 211, 224-225,, 238, 271, 282, 303, 335, 350, 415, 420 0 c-commandd 7, 72, 81, 85, 106, 113, 134, 140,, 150, 188, 193, 195, 223-224, 226-227,, 250, 255, 257, 261-263, 272-273, 275,4233 cf. binding, scope CFRR theory (210-227) 222-224, 226-227, 231,, 363 cf appositive, apposition, specifyingspecifying coordination chainn 9, 113, 255, 257, 324 cf. movement, trace trace checkingg 7-10, 114-118, 120-126, 128-130,, 133-134, 139-140, 148, 150-152, 163,, 169, 172, 220-222, 242, 277, 280, 316,, 320, 324, 326, 329, 332-334, 345, 349,351 1 configurationn 8, 120 cf. incorporation, spec-head spec-head circumnominall RC 2-5, 13, 15-16, 19-24, 29-30,, 32, 35-36, 38, 40-41-42, 44, 46, 49-50,, 54, 63-64, 67, 69-70, 76-77, 88, 94-97,, 105, 109, 111, 135-146, 150, 174, 176,, 218, 234-235, 365, 373, 376, 380, 384,, 386, 406-408, 413-414, 421, 423-424,427-429 9 analysess of 137-138,421-424 derivationn of 94-103,138-140,150-153 determinerr in 41,94,96,136-140,406 inn non-SOV languages 36,94-95,408 misconceptionss on 41,138, 142

propertiess of 35-36, 38, 41, 50, 136-137, 141-145 5

semanticss of see semantics

classificationn 4, 5,13-14,20-21,29,42-43, 46,, 50, 53-54, 155, 173-176, 178, 366, 3744 cf. definition, terminology

functionall ~ of RCs 29-34 mainn types of RCs 20

462 2

SUBJECTT INDEX off free relatives 50-55

off relative elements 155-162,173-176 parametricall freedom of the RC17-20 semanticc - of RCs 23-29

classifierr 63, 170-172, 175, 363, 374-375, 384,400 0

affixx see affix

clausee see adverbial, comparative,

com-plement,plement, main, matrix, relative, result, small,small, subordinate cleftt 4, 13, 18, 40, 61-62, 169, 413-414, 4311 cf. pseudo-cleft cliticc 37, 76, 156, 166, 171-174, 365, 374, 376,, 378, 381-382, 394, 396-397, 401, 415 5 doublingg 37,376, 378, 381 resumptivee see resumptive pronoun cliticization415 5

closedd relative clause 30

cognitivee schemata see possession co-indexingg 72-73, 78, 81, 106, 108. 113, 137,221,235,417,421-422 2 collocationn (split) 75, 78-80, 106, 108, 194,, 202,227 cf. idiom colonn phrase 208, 213-214, 240,420 comitativee 309 cf. Case commaa 182,195,207

intonationn 195, 207 cf. intonation break COMPP (domain) 7-9, 85, 87, 89-90, 117,

126,, 130, 137, 155, 160-162-164, 166-167,, 223, 226, 287, 290, 414-415, 417, 4233 cf complementizer, empty COMP, cf.

relativerelative element, subordinator, that-relative that-relative

comparativee clause 27, 236, 248,279, 286-289,, 291-292, 295, 297, 300, 302

complementt see complementation; cf.

head,head, phrase structure, specifier

complementationn 3, 7, 27, 33, 37, 55-56, 60,, 65, 69-75, 79, 83-84, 106-107, 112, 114,, 123-124, 130, 149, 184-185, 188, 1%,, 203-204, 207, 209, 212, 225-226, 236-239,, 242-243, 259-260, 267, 270-271,, 273-274, 278-279, 280-281, 286-293,, 295-299, 301-303, 315-316, 318-319,, 321, 323-326, 333, 339-341, 343-344,, 348-349, 351, 414-415, 417-421 cf.

D-complementD-complement hypothesis, ^-comple-mentment hypothesis, sister

complementt clause 56, 236-238, 242, 248, 260-261,, 278, 280-281, 286, 288-289, 291-293,295-299,301-303 3 off N 236, 278, 286, 288-289, 291-292, 295,298,301-303 3 off V 237-238, 242, 248, 260-261, 280-281,, 293, 296-299, 301, 303 cf. argumentargument clause complementt PP

off N/A see PP complement off * V see prepositional object

complementizerr 2, 17-18, 27, 31, 33, 37-39,, 42, 48, 55, 57, 60, 62, 72, 109, 112, 115,, 126, 131, 133-136, 138, 140, 143, 148-149,, 156-157, 160-164, 171, 173-178,, 182, 186, 188, 199-200, 223-224, 333,, 363, 365, 374, 376, 378, 382, 398, 402,, 422, 430 cf affix (subordinating), subordinator subordinator relativee 2, 27, 31, 38-39, 42, 55, 62, 136, 161-162,, 164, 171, 173-178, 182, 186, 188-199,, 223-224, 363, 365, 374, 382,

398,398, 430 cf. affix (relative), COMP, relativerelative element, relative particle, that-relative that-relative

Complexx Noun Phrase Constraint 116, 143-144,, 258, 295 cf. boundedness at

LF,LF, island, satsflator

complexx pied piping (188-189) see heavy

piedpied piping

Conceptt Building 32

Conditionn on Remnants 277 cf. ellipsis,

recoverability,recoverability, remnant (in ellipsis)

conjunctionn 55, 213-216, 222-223, 227, 236,, 240, 264, 269, 279, 282-283, 285-291,295,397,, 302, 415 cf. coordination extractionn from see Coordinate Structure

Constraint Constraint extrapositionn of 236, 279, 2S5-291, 295, 397,, 302 cf. extraposition connectivityy (effects) 61-62, cf 76-83, 105-109 9 constituencyy (w.r.t. ARC) 205-207, 209, 215,, 231 cf Subordinate Clause

Hypo-thesis Hypo-thesis constituentt 6, 9, 14-16, 30, 33, 45, 48, 56-57,, 64, 66, 71, 75, 85, 91, 94-95, 112, 117,, 119, 121, 128, 133-139, 163, 168, 182,, 185, 191-192, 203-207, 209, 212, 223,, 238-249, 252, 254, 256-258, 266, 269,, 271, 275, 277, 280, 291, 294, 312, 321-322,, 325, 327, 329-331, 334, 349, 363,373,416-417,420 0

S U B J E C TT I N D E X _{4 6 3 3} continuativee (ARC) 65, 193, 196, 205, 227,235 5 contrastivee (EX/ARC) 65, 289, 291 cf. continuative continuative convertiblee RC 22-23,235,429

Coordinatee Structure Constraint 143-144, 216,, 227, 246, 253-256, 258-260, 269, 295,, 363 cf Across-The-Board, island coordinationn 5-6,29,48, 73,147,197-198, 205,, 208-210-211, 213-215, 217-219, 222-225,, 227, 231, 233, 239-241, 243-244,, 246-251, 253, 255, 256, 258-263, 265-268-270-277,, 282-283, 351, 363, 4200 cf. conjunction, disjunction ass behindance 270-276 asyndeticc 48, 198, 212, 214-215, 268-269,, 276

semanticss of see semantics

specifyingg see specifying coordination (unbalancedd 217,219,225,270, 273 coordinativee adverb see adverb

coordinativee head 198-199, 213-214, 240, 269,271-272,274,415 5

coordinatorr see coordinative head initiall (271-272) see adverb (coord.) copulaa 61,347 coreferencee 14, 81, 106, 193, 201 cf. binding,binding, cospecification co-relativee 21-23,30,33,145,427-429 correlativee RC 2-5, 13-23, 25, 28-33, 35-36,, 38-40-42, 46-50, 54, 57, 64, 67-70, 94,, 105, 108, 111, 138, 145-152, 165, 173-174,, 176, 218, 234-235, 365, 373, 379,, 384, 388, 395, 408, 413, A23-424-425,, 427-430 analysess of 146-148,424-425 derivationn of 148-150,150-153 inn non-SOV languages 36, (94), 408 propertiess of 35-36, 38, 40-41, 49-50,

145-146 6

semanticss of see semantics

cospecificationn 193, 196, 210, 224, 227, 4177 c / binding, interpretative licencing countercyclicc (movement) 115, 121, 208,

2755 cf. cycle

covertt 9, 17, 69, 106, 120-121, 124-126, 128,, 130, 137-140, 143, 150-151, 161-163,, 166, 168, 221, 226, 316-317, 324, 349-3522 cf. empty, formal feature(s),

LogicalLogical Form, overt, weak

crossingg branches see transformation

(order-changing) (order-changing)

CSCC see Coordinate Structure Constraint cycle/cyclicc 9, 116-117, 120-121, 133,

249,, 253, 324 cf countercyclic

D D

dativee 125, 309, 311-313, 318-320, 363 cf

adnominalpossessive,adnominalpossessive, Case

daughterr 70, 414 cf. dominance, phrase

structure structure

D-complementt hypothesis 3, 5, 69-70, 72-74-76,, 82-83, 85-86, 107, 109, 111, 124, 135,, 184, 207, 414, 421 cf. adjunction

hypothesis,hypothesis, N-complement hypothesis, promotionpromotion theory definite/indefinitee 14, 26, 28, 38, 41, 43, 45,, 47, 49-50, 54, 59, 63, 70, 72, 74-76, 94,, 96, 115, 120, 126, 132, 136, 141, 143-144,, 146, 148-149, 182-184, 186, 192,, 218, 224, 242, 245-247, 305, 315-316,, 322, 327-328, 338-345, 363, 373, 376-377,, 381, 384, 404, 421, 424 cf

antecedent,antecedent, determiner, double definite-ness,ness, generic, indefiniteness effect, maximalization,maximalization, specific, universal (ii)

definitionn 13-14, 32-33, 37-38, 45, 47, 55, 105,, 158, 161, 166, 191, 210-211, 217-218,, 234, 246, 251, 257, 315, 346 cf

classification,classification, terminology

off relative construction 14,32 degeneratee genitive 339-340 cf. Case degenitivee (340) see degenerate genitive degreee relative 3, 16, 25-29, 71-73, 78,

181,, 234, 414,420 cf. maximalizing RC quantityy 27

semanticss of see semantics substancee 27 deletionn 5, 8, 61, 71, 77, 138, 214, 223, 239-245,, 247-253, 255, 257-259, 261-263,, 265-268, 277-278, 380, 415, 420, 4233 cf. ellipsis leftward/backwardd 214, 239-240-245, 247-252,, 255, 257, 259, 261-263, 265-268,, 275, 278, 420 cf leftward

deletiondeletion theory. Right Node Raising

rightward/forwardrightward/forward 240, 255, 257-258, 278 8

demonstrativee pronoun see pronoun derivationn 5-6, 8-9, 64, 69, 76, 80-81,

85-86,, 91-92, 96, 99, 103-104, 109-110, 113,, 115-116, 120-126, 128-129, 131-135,, 138-140, 145, 148-150, 172, 174,

4 6 4 4 S U B J E C TT I N D E X

181,, 220-221, 253-257, 269, 273, 310, 316-317,, 321, 323-324, 326, 329, 333, 350-351,413,419 9

off appositive RC see appositive off circumnominal RC see circumn. RC off correlative RC see correlative RC off free relative see free relative off prenominal RC see prenominal RC off postnominal RC see postnominal RC off word order differences 86-104,

127-130,, 131-135, 150-153 designationn 212 cf. apposition determinerr 4, 13, 17-20, 26-28, 38, 40-44, 49,, 62-63, 67-70, 72, 74-76, 78, 83-87, 91,, 94, 96, 104-105, 107, 111, 114, 118-120,, 124-128, 130-133, 135-136, 138, 140-141,, 143-146, 148-150, 161, 168-172,, 178, 184, 186, 191, 203, 207, 210, 220,, 222, 224, 226, 230, 316, 318, 320, 323-324,, 326-327, 333, 338-340, 343-349,, 351, 363, 365, 373, 378, 381, 384, 404,, 406-407, 416, 418,422-423,430 complementt hypothesis see

D-comple-mentment hypothesis freee 186, 224 positionn o f - in RC 18-19. 63, 127, 131-132 2 inn circumnominal 41, 94, 96,136-140, 406 406 inn postnominal 63, 91-92, 96.127, 404 inn prenominal 63, 94, 96,131-132, 406 non-adjacentt to N 407 relativee 119, 178, 222, 224 cf. relative element element

restrictionss on see maximalization split/discontinuouss 378, 381. 384,419 syntaxx of 119-127

DFCFF see Doubly Filled CoMl' Filter discontinuouss constituent theory 205. 209,

239,, 241, 243, 416 cf. apposition,

extraposition,extraposition, transformation (order-changing) (order-changing)

discontinuouss determiner see determiner

(split) (split) discoursee 16, 24-25, 48. 81. 166. 181. 189, 193,, 196, 201, 203, 205-206. 208-210, 212,, 219, 224, 227, 272. 363. 417. 419 discoursee level 24, 201. 206. 208, 209, 210,, 219,417, 419 cf. LF\ orphanage discoursee linking 193, 210, 224. 272 cf. cospecification cospecification

Discoursee Representation Theory 193, 205,, 363,417

disjunctionn 213-214, 269, 283, cf

coordi-nation coordi-nation

dislocationn see left-/right-dislocation dominancee 8, 205, 275, 416 cf daughter,

multiplemultiple dominance, precedence

doublee definiteness 120,224 cf definite doublee genitive see genitive

Doublyy Filled COMP Filter 126, 160, 163, 2233 cf COMP, that-relative

DPP hypothesis 84 cf. NP hypothesis, shell DP-shelll see shell

D-structuree 6, 204, 209, 424 cf Logical

Form,Form, selection structure, S-structure

dummyy 45, 220, 280-282, 420 cf

expletive,expletive, empty element

duplexx construction 235-236 cf simplex

phrase phrase extrapositionn of 235-236, 242-243, 254-256,, 263, 266, 278-280, 291, 293, 295, 299,, 301 cf extraposition E E echoo question 331-332,334 economyy 9, 121-125, 148, 151, 277, 311, 317,333 3

ECPP see Empty Category Principle EHRCC see headed RC (externally) element t

emptyy see empty

relativee see relative element

ellipsiss 45, 203, 233, 239-244, 246, 248, 250-251,, 253-254, 256, 258, 260-261, 263,, 265-268-271, 276-278, 283, 342-344,, 351 cf Condition on Remnants,

deletion,deletion, Head Condition (i), recover-ability,ability, remnant (in ellipsis), specifying coordinationcoordination plus ellipsis theory

embedded d

function/positionn of relative gap/pronoun 33-34,, 37, 75, 81-82, 105, 128, 330

cfcf pied piping, possessive relative

questionn see question

relativee clause 17-18, 21-23, 30, 427, 429 9

extrapositionn from ~ position 243, 246, 252-253,, 264, 267, 286 cf

extra-position extra-position

embeddingg of RCs recursively see multiple

S U B J E C TT I N D E X 4 6 5 5

emphaticc expression 81, 193, 262, 272, 363-3644 cf anaphor

Emptyy Category Principle 143-144 cf.

that-tracethat-trace effect, trace

empty y

COMPP 135,161, 163,164, 226 cf. COMP,

that-relative,that-relative, zero relative

coordinativee head see coordination

(asyndetic) (asyndetic) determiner/element/operatorr 1-2, 5, 47, 71,, 73, 106-108, 114-115, 117-118-119,, 126-127, 135,161, 163, 167, 168, 170,, 174, 181, 188, 210, 219-221-222, 224-226,, 228, 231, 281, 315-316, 320, 326,, 340-341, 351, 423 cf. appositive

RCRC (derivation of), dummy, operator, pro,pro, PRO, relative operator,

wh-operator wh-operator

nounn 43, 71, 85, 95, 97, 107, 207, 209, 341-342,, 345, 415, 419, 422 cf.

genitivegenitive (double), independent pos-sessive,sessive, partitive, pro, PRO, revised raisingraising analysis, surrounding phrase

prepositionn 238, 282, 310, 313, 314-316, 320,, 326,348 cf. genitive, possession enumerationn (237) see heavy NP

epithett 36, 189, 225-226 cf free relative

(internally(internally headed)

EPPP see Extended Projection Principle equativee 212, 214 cf apposition, equivalence equivalence equivalencee 36, 212-213 cf apposition, equative,equative, implication ergativee 33-34, 363, 365, 373,411c/ Case RCC in ergative languages 411 eventt relative 27, 55 exemplificationn 212 c / apposition expletivee 61,113,238, cf dummy extendedd projection see projection Extendedd Projection Principle 124,238 externallyy headed RC see headed RC extractionn 44-45, 72, 114, 143, 258-260, 269,295-296,, 349 cf island extrapositionn 4-6, 13, 18,20-23, 29-33,39, 45,, 61-62, 65-67, 74, 83, 105, 114, 142, 145,, 147, 164, 181, 184, 186-187, 190, 196-197,, 201, 203-206, 209, 215-216, 218,, 223, 231, 233-263, 266-271, 276-283,, 255-287, 289, 291-293, 295-297, 299,, 301-303, 351, 363, 413-414, 416-417,, 427, 429 cf. binding at the base,

island,island, Kaan's generalization, left

position,position, mirror effect, preposing, questionquestion formation. Right Roof Con-straint,straint, split antecedent, stranding in the middlefield middlefield

analysess of 239-241 cf rightward

move-mentment theory, base-generated adjunct/ complementcomplement theory, stranding theory, leftwardleftward deletion theory, specifying coordinationcoordination theory

ass specifying coordination plus ellipsis (239-240,, 241-267, 268-282, 283) see

specifyingspecifying coordination plus ellipsis theory theory

tromm an embedded position 243, 246-148,, 252, 267,256-287

fromfrom any constituent 244-246, 267, 255-286 6

inn languages with a non-postnominal RC strategyy 234-235

off ARC 186, 187, 190-191, 196, 197, 201,, 204-206, 209, 215-216, 218, 223, 231,234 4

off degree relatives 234

off phrase/clause other than RC 235-238, 255-303 3

optionalityy of 260-261,297-299 propertiess of 241-267,255-303 semanticss of see semantics

<|>-feature(s)) see phi-feature(s) falsee free relative see free relative

familyy (of languages) 20,35, 60, 131, 140, 145,, 173-175, 177, 200, 366-372 cf

branch,branch, group, phylum, stock

featuree 6-8-12, 106, 114-118-126, 128-130,, 133-135, 139-140, 148, 150-151, 157-162-163,, 168-169, 172, 207, 228, 242,, 273, 278, 280, 315-316, 318-320, 323-324,, 326, 329-330, 332-335, 345, 349-351,, 363 cf. affective, Case, formal,

gender,gender, genitive, human, number, per-son,son, phi, phonological, plural, pos-sessive,sessive, semantic, singular, syntactic, strong,strong, weak,

wh-filterr 7-8, 78, 85, 126, 137, 141, 160, 163, 167,, 185, 223, 242 cf Doubly Filled

COMPCOMP Filter, i-within-i filter

fl-lubb hypothesis 87-90,103-104,109-110, 127,129-130,132-133,135,139,150 0

4 6 6 6 S U B J E C TT I N D E X

focuss 61, 135, 193, 195, 198, 248, 419 cf

cleft,cleft, intonation, pseudo-cleft, stress, topic topic

formall features) (11-12) 120-126, 128, 130,, 132-135, 139-140, 148-153, 157, 163,, 168-169, 324-326, 329-330, 333, 349-350,, 363 cf. feature, Logical Form,

strong,strong, weak

forwardd deletion see deletion freefree determiner see determiner

freefree relative 4,13, 15-18,21-25,28-29, 35, 40-42-57,, 61-62, 67, 164, 181, 205, 207-208,, 210, 218-220-225, 228-229, 231, 234,, 237-238, 280-281, 290, 293, 296, 298,, 303, 351, 363-364, 373, 381-382, 413,415,418-420,428 8 classificationn of 42-43, 45-46, 50-55, 428 428 derivationn of 220-221 falsee 5, 43-46, 49. 51-54, 62, 210, 218, 220-223,, 225, 228-231, 351, 382, 428 cfcf CFR theory hangingg 46-54, 57,62, 428 internallyy headed 49-50-54, 190, 226, 428 428 irrealiss 24, 44-46, 50-54, 67, 138,428 propertiess of 42-53-55

semanticss of see semantics

transparentt 45-46, 50-54, 364,420, 428 truee 43-46, 51-54, 220-222, 228, 231,

420,, 428

freefree X' hypothesis 84, 86-87 cf. phrase

structure structure

freezingfreezing (effect) 259,296

tuncc left hypothesis 87-90, 103-104, 109-1100 c / phrase structure

functionn 1, 2, 4, 13-15, 29-34, 57, 68-69, 77,, 107, 112, 141, 155-163, 166, 170-171,, 177-178, 185, 225, 270, 306, 308, 318,341,374,381,416 6

functionall see head (functional),

pro-jectionjection (functional), scale (functional) G G galaxyy 31 gapp 2, 5, 14-15, 27, 30-33, 37, 56, 62, 65, 68-69,, 71, 77-78, 80, 83, 86, 105-106, 108-110,, 112-114, 116-117, 155-166, 170,, 173-175, 177-178, 195, 234, 275, 282,, 334, 351, 374, 376, 378, 380-381, 386,, 388-391, 395, 397-398, 400, 402-404,406-409,411,415-416,430 0 Gapp Construction 32, 112, 155-163, 170,

177-1788 cf. Attribution function,

Sub-ordinationordination function, scale

genderr 118, 121, 157, 273, 305, 337, 339,

346-347,346-347, 350 cf. human, phi feature(s)

generalizedd possession see possession genericc 43, 47-48, 58, 63, 182-184, 218 cf.

definite,definite, specific, universal (ii)

genitivee 5, 31, 33, 75, 305-307-309, 311-321,, 326-327, 335, 337-340-344, 346, 348-350,, 352, 363, 374, 384 cf Case, feature,feature, possession doublee 75, 306, 321, 335, 337, 340-344, 348 8

featuree 316 cf. possessive feature locativee 343-344 morphologicall 305, 311, 313-(314-318> 319-321,335,337-340 0 periphrastic/prepositionall genitive 5, 305,, 311,313,316, 320-321,335, 343-344,, 346, 349-350, 352 cf. possessive preposition preposition postnominall 311, 313, 315-316, 319-320,, 338, 340 prenominall 305, 310-311, 314-321, 326-327,, 338, 340, 342-344 Saxonn 305-306, 311-312, 321, 335, 337-344 4 gerundivall RC 58, 429 cf non-finite RC grammarr 1, 6-7, 9, 77, 134, 148, 167, 198, 205-206,, 249, 253, 324, 340, 351 cf.

phrasephrase structure, syntax, T-model, Uni-versalversal Grammar

grammaticall function hierarchy 15, 33-34, 3744 cf accessibility hierarchy

groupp (of languages) 366-312, 391

H H

hangingg free relative see free relative headd 3, 7-10, 16-20, 22, 24-26, 28-34, 36-43,, 45, 47, 49-51, 53, 55-56, 58-60, 63-64,, 68-69, 71-80, 83-92, 94-95, 97, 104-106,, 108, 111-116, 118-125, 127-131, 133-136,, 138-142, 145-149, 151, 155, 156-157,, 161, 163, 168-175, 178, 181, 184-185,, 188, 190, 192, 194, 196, 198, 200-201,, 203, 208, 211, 218-219, 221-222,, 224-225, 227, 231, 234, 238, 240, 243,, 271-274, 276-277, 280, 312-313,

SUBJECTT I N D E X 4 6 7 7

315,, 317-320, 323, 326, 329, 330, 332, 339,, 341, 343, 346-351, 374, 376-377, 379,, 384, 386, 415, 417-425, 430 cf

compIement(ation),compIement(ation), phrase structure, specifier specifier

functionall 8, 83, 87-90, 109, 120-123, 130,, 150, 271-272, 316, 335, 349-350, 4199 cf. projection (functional), shell,

splitsplit CP

movementt see movement off RC see antecedent, pivot Headd Condition

(i)) 276-277 cf ellipsis, remnant (in ell.) (Ü)) 415 cf. cliticization, reduction headedd RC 17-21-23,35,42-50, 54,67-68, 105,, 136, 190, 226, 320, 363, 418, 427-430 0 externallyy 18, 19, 21-23, 363, 427, 429 cf.cf. adnominal RC internallyy 14, 17-18-19, 21-23, 28, 38, 49-52,, 54,67, 105, 136, 142, 190,226, 363,, 427-429 cf. circumnominal, cor-relativerelative RC

multiplee see multiple headed

head-finall RC (22-23,429) see prenominal

RC RC

head-initiall RC (18, 22-23, 429) see

post-nominalnominal RC

head-internall RC see headed RC (int.) headlesss RC (27-23, 46-47, 49, 428-429)

seesee free relative

heavyy NP 234, 237-238, 281-282, 290, 292-293,296,298,303,, 363 extractionn from 2 % extrapositionn of 234, 237-238, 281-282, 290,290, 292-293, 296, 298, 303 cf extraposition extraposition

heavyy NP shift (234) see heavy NP (extr.) heavyy percolation see percolation heavyy pied piping see pied piping

hierarchyy 6-7, 15, 17-19, 33-34, 63, 79, 147,, 163, 198, 251, 257, 272-275, 366, 374,, 416 cf. grammatical function

hierarchy,hierarchy, logical hierarchy, phrase structure structure

hierarchyy paradox 272-273 cf.

coordi-nation coordi-nation

HNP(S)) see heavy NP (extraposition) human/non-humann 328, 334, 341-342, 363

cf.cf. feature, gender

antecedentt 328,334

possessorr 341-342 cf. genitive (Saxon)

hydraa 67-68, 417, 430 cf. multiple

relati-vization relati-vization

I I

identificationn (32,201,) 212 cf apposition identifyingg emphatic expression see

em-phaticphatic expression

idiomm 78-80,105-106, 108 cf. collocation idiomm chunk (79) see collocation

JHRCJHRC see headed RC (internally)

implicationn 4, 34-39, 39, 157-160, 203, 2155 cf. tendency, universal (i)

inin situ 32, 37-38, 46, 49-50, 53, 130, 136, 139,, 148, 150, 157, 168, 173, 178, 234, 245,, 316, 321, 331, 376, 379, 384, 423 cf.cf. wh-movement inclusionn 212 cf. apposition incorporationn 8, 10, 43, 114-115,119-126, 128-129-130,, 133-134, 137, 139-140, 148,, 169, 172, 220, 306, 317-318, 320-321,, 324-326, 343, 345 cf movement (head) (head)

indefinitee see definite

indefinitenesss effect 25, 44, 141, 146, 341

cfcf definite

independentt possessive see possessive infinitivall RC 19, 58-60, 114 cf non-finite initiall coordinator (271-272) see adverb

(coordinative) (coordinative)

interfacee 7-8

internallyy headed RC see headed RC internallyy headed free relative see free

relative relative

interpretativee licencing/linking 243, 253, 264-265,, 267,269 cf. cospecification interrogativee pronoun see pronoun intersectionn see set intersection

intonationn 66, 81-82, 181, 195, 207, 218, 237,260,, 273, 314 cf. focus, stress breakk 207, 218, 237 cf. comma

intona-tion intona-tion

intrusivee pronoun see pronoun irrealiss free relative see free relative islandd 72, 113-114, 116, 141, 143-144,

165-167,, 169, 258-259, 267, 269, 295-296,, 417 cf. boundedness, Complex

NounNoun Phrase Constraint, Coordinate StructureStructure Constraint, extraposition. Pro-positionalpositional Island Condition, Right Roof

Constraint,Constraint, Specified Subject Condition, subjacency,subjacency, wh-island

4 6 8 8 S U B J E C TT I N D E X effectt 141,143-144,167 i-within-ii-within-i filter 78, 85, 137 K K Kaan'ss generalization 256-258, 267, 291-2944 cf. extraposition, topicalization kataphoraa 166 cf. anaphora, binding kindd relative 18, 27 cf. maximalizing RC kinshipp 306 cf. possession

L L

Laww of Coordination of Likes 270 leftt position (of RC) 217, 250-251, 267,

289289 cf extraposition

left-dislocationn 46-49, 57, 138, 169, 195, 238,, 329, 423 cf right-dislocation left-extraposedd (RC) (22-23, 40, 429) see

correlativecorrelative RC

left-handd adjunction see adjunction leftwardd deletion theory 239-245,247-252,

255,, 257, 259, 261-263, 265-267-268 cf

deletion,deletion, ellipsis, extraposition

lexiconn 6, 8, 115, 121,316 LFF see Logical Form

LF'' 201, 205-206, 209, 417 cf discourse

level level

LFF (remnant) raising (of ARC) 207-209 Linearr Correspondence Axiom 7-8, 251 cf

antisymmetry antisymmetry

linearr embedding 13, 62, 64, 431 cf

multiplemultiple relativization

linearr (order) 4, 7, 15, 18-19, 63, 84, 127, 132-133,, 139, 147, 251, 275, 325, 346, 4166 cf main constituent, word order locativee genitive see genitive

logicc 36, 195, 213-214, 212-215, 237 Logicall Form 8-9, 77, 80, 121, 133,

137-138,, 143-144, 195, 201, 205-209, 324, 363,, 417-419, 422-424 cf covert, formal

feature(s) feature(s)

logicall hierarchy 272-275 cf coordination logophoricc reference 81,193 M M mainn clause 2, 14-15, 48, 57, 65-66, 77, 126,, 142, 149, 193, 195, 202, 204-206, 208,, 215, 221, 233, 245, 296, 324, 326, 377,, 379, 415, 424 cf. matrix clause, subordinatesubordinate clause

Mainn Clause Hypothesis 203-204-206, 208-210,, 363, 415-416 cf orphanage.

SubordinateSubordinate Clause Hypothesis

mainn constituent order 36, 39, 41, 87-104, 123,, 127, 129, 130-133, 135-136, 139, 141-142,, 166, 217, 233, 365, 373, 376-4 1 1 c // linear, word order

mainn types of relatives 2, 4-5, 14, 20-21, 29-32,, 42, 54, 64-65, 69, 83, 86, 103, 109-111,, 145, 150-153, 174, 176, 231, 234,, 351-352, 365, 386, 395, 406, 427,

431 431

mappingg 7,29, 54,424

off syntactic/semantic types of RCs 29 off free relatives/main types of RCs 54 off phrase str. hierarchy/linear order 7 markednesss 47,63, 79, 117, 134, 142,

188-189,225,227,416 6 markerr see relative marker

matchingg (effect) 15, 44-45, 53, 172, 190, 206,, 211, 220, 223, 227-231 cf. attractio inversa/relativi inversa/relativi matrixx clause 3,14-15, 17, 20, 27, 30, 32-33,, 40, 46, 56, 73, 76-77, 79, 115, 124-125,, 138-139, 145-149, 151, 156, 158, 160,, 164, 169, 172, 174, 182, 204-206, 208-209,, 223, 228, 252, 264-265, 326, 373,, 418, 425 cf. main clause,

sub-ordinateordinate clause

maximalizationn 16, 23-26-29, 45, 141,144 maximalizingg RC 17-18, 23-24-29, 35, 38, 40-41,, 43, 45-46, 54, 64, 69, 144-146,

181,218,235,437 7

MCHH see Main Clause Hypothesis meaningg 2, 6, 16, 23-27, 57, 65, 71, 77,

79-80,, 107, 148, 169, 183, 187, 192, 196,, 198, 203, 211, 213, 217, 242-243, 270,, 272, 278-279, 289, 293, 308, 329, 340,, 342, 345, 349, 382, 414 cf.

appositive,appositive, possessive, restrictive, semantics semantics Mergee 6-9, 115, 121, 123-124, 129, 208, 333,4199 cf phrase structure middlefieldd 200, 216, 251, 254-257, 260, 266-267,, 269, 291, 295, 302 cf. stranding stranding Minimalismm 6, 61, 120, 122, 242-243, 267, 316,324 4 mirrorr effect 248-250, 267, 282, 2S7-288 cfcf extraposition

misconceptionn see appositive RC,

S U B J E C TT I N D E X 4 6 9 9

modification/modifierr 14, 17-18, 24, 40, 60,, 64-65, 71-72, 75, 136,184-186, 198, 211,219,315,341,343,346 6

moodd 142, 364,384 cf. aspect, tense morphologicall genitive see genitive Movee 8-9, 123 cf movement movementt 4-6,8-10, 33,60,69, 71-73, 76, 84,, 86, 91-95, 97-100, 104, 114-118, 121-124,, 127-135, 137-140, 142-144, 148-152,, 158, 163, 165-170, 173-174, 176,, 178, 207-208, 216-217, 220, 233-234,, 239-247, 249-262, 264, 266-268, 270,, 278, 283, 315, 317, 320-321, 323-326,, 328-333, 343, 350-351, 414-421, 4233 cf. derivation, trigger head/XX 9-10, 72, 91, 121-123, 125, 127, 129,, 133-134, 141-142, 317, 320 cf. incorporation incorporation

remnantt see remnant

wh-wh- see wh-movement

X'' 85,92, 133 XPP 10, 91,325 multiple e

antecedentt 67-68,430 cf. split ant. dominancee 275 cf. discontinuous

con-stituentstituent theory

embedding g

linearr (4,13, 62, 64,431) see stacking recursivee 4,13, 62, 64,147,191,431 headedd 67-68,144,430 cf. split ant. objectt see object

relativizationn 4, 13, 62, 66-68, 147, 149, 263,, 301,430 cf split antecedent whwh 67-68,430 multiplicityy 216-217, 223 cf. stacking N N N-complementt hypothesis 74, 83-85 cf.

adjunctionadjunction hypothesis, D-complement hypothesis,hypothesis, revised standard theory, revisedrevised raising theory

negationn 138, 183,192-193,195,199 negativee polarity item 47-48, 58,192,363 nominalizationn / nominalized clause 16,

19,, 20, 30-33, 38, 40-41-42, 45, 50-51, 53,, 75-76, 136, 138, 141-142, 146, 174-176,, 234, 363, 374, 398, 402 cf

circumnominalcircumnominal RC, scale

nominalizingg affix see affix nominalizingg particle see particle

nominativee 122-126, 157, 228-229, 312, 3633 cf Case

Nom-SS theory 72,414 cf. NP-S theory non-finitee RC 4, 13, 18-19, 40, 58-60, 429

cfcf gerundival, infinitival, participial RC

non-radicall orphanage see orphanage non-restrictivee apposition see apposition non-restrictivee RC see appositive RC non-specificc see specific

nounn complement see N-complement NPP (heavy) see heavy NP

NPP hypothesis 84 cf DP hypothesis NP-SS theory 71-72, 413-415 cf. Nom-S

theory theory

nucleuss 32, 63 cf. antecedent, head, pivot Nucleuss Building 32

numberr 10, 118, 121, 124, 148, 157, 187, 305,, 337, 339, 346-347, 350, cf phi

feature(s),feature(s), plural, singular

O O

objectt 1, 15, 17, 33-34, 46, 48, 55, 59, 72, 78-82,, 117, 142-143, 148-149, 166, 171, 173,, 175, 182, 199, 202, 208, 215, 237-238,, 245-246, 248-249, 254, 256-257, 259-263,, 269, 280-282, 290, 293-294, 296,, 298-299, 303, 307, 312, 314, 316, 321,, 335, 340-341, 343, 349, 363, 373-374,378,380,419,431 1

clausee see complement clause (ofV) directt 1, 15, 33, 59, 148, 164, 244-250, 256-257,, 261-263, 269, 285-286, 299-301,, 363 genitivee 316,374 indirectt 33, 244, 249, 261-263,280, 285-286,299-301,314,363 3

multiplee 340-341 cf. genitive (double) prepositionall see prepositional object relativee clause 55, 142, 171, 223, 373,

431431 cf. adverbial RC, grammatical functionfunction hierarchy, subject RC

shiftt 143 cf. scrambling

objectivee (Case) 228-229, 312, 318-320, 363,, 366 cf. Case

oldd raising analysis see raising oldd standard theory see standard theory openn relative clause 30

operatorr 25,47, 60, 71, 73,76-81, 84, 106, 112,, 117, 119, 126, 161, 163, 166-168, 170-171,, 178, 193, 210, 213-214, 223, 259,, 348, 350, 417, 419, 421, 423-424

470 0 S U B J E C TT INDEX

cf.cf. affective, Boolean, empty, relative,

wh-wh-operationn (vacuous) see vacuous

optionalityy 118, 128, 138, 143, 148, 157, 164,, 166-167, 171, 242, 256, 260, 267, 273,297,, 316, 330, 350,375, 382 off extraposition see extraposition orderr see linear, phrase structure, word

order order

order-changingg transformation see

trans-formation trans-formation

orphanagee 71,204,205-209 non-radicall 71, 205-206, 209 radicall 71, 205-206, 209

OV/OSV/OVSS see main constituent order overtt 1, 9, 16, 22, 28,41-43, 45,49-51, 53, 69,, 76-77, 88, 94, 96, 106, 114-115, 117, 120-121,, 123-128, 131, 133-134, 136, 139-140,, 143-144, 148, 150-151, 160-162,, 166, 168, 170-171, 174, 177, 199, 212,, 214, 221, 224, 226, 230-231, 269, 278,, 281, 320, 324-325, 351-352, 404, 406,, 418 cf. covert, feature, movement,

strong,strong, weak P P parameterr 4, 7, 13-14, 17-18, 20, 50, 69, 87,, 104, 109, 116, 120, 128, 134, 136, 150-151,, 167, 169, 352, 416 cf. strong, weak weak parasiticc gap 113, 117, 194-195,281,417 parentheticall (clause) 29, 57, 71, 191, 200, 204-205,, 218,415-417, 419-420 parsingg 104,163-164 participiall RC 16-17, 36, 39, 58-59, 175, 217,, 234, 365, 373, 378, 380, 383-384, 390,429390,429 cf non-finite RC participle-adjectivee conversion 17,58 particlee (relative) see relative particle particularizationn 212 cf apposition partitivee 187, 343-344 cf. genitive (double) passivee 58-60

percolationn 9-10, 120, 128-129, 134, 150-152,, 324, 330, 332, 334,417,424 heavyy 151-152 cf. pied piping (heavy) periphrasticc genitive see genitive

personn 10, 118, 121, 124, 157, 190, 228-229,, 273, 363 cf. phi feature(s),

matching matching

personall pronoun see pronoun

perspectivee 81, 228 cf. logophoric

refer-ence refer-ence phi-feature(s)) 63, 106, 108, 115, 118-126, 128-130,, 134, 137, 139-140, 148, 150-151-153,, 155, 157-163, 169-170, 172, 178,, 206, 273, 326, 329, 332-334, 348-349,, 351, 374, 419 cf agreement,

feature,feature, gender, number, person, plural, singular singular phonetically/phonologicallyy null 126, 161, 164,, 214, 223, 241, 257, 264, 278, 320, 326,, 420, 422 cf. deletion, ellipsis phonological l intonationn contour 260 features)) 8-9, 121, 278, 324, 363 cf feature feature formm 420,363 interfacee 7,9 reductionn 415 wordd 125, 325 phrasee structure 6-8, 70, 72-73, 86-87-88, 103-104,, 109-110, 127, 150, 205, 217, 4188 cf. antisymmetry, fl-lub, free X', func

left,left, rigid left, spec left/right, uniform branchingbranching hypothesis, word order

phylumm (of languages) 173, 309, 366-372

cf.cf. family piedd piping 4-5, 9-10, 13, 44, 62, 64-65, 115,, 128-129-130, 133-134, 139, 150-152,, 167, 169, 188-189, 223, 242, 266, 306,, 317, 320, 323, 325, 328-335, 351, 361,, 363, 417-418 cf percolation, R-pronoun,pronoun, possessive RC heavyy 5, 150-151-152, 306, 323, 328, 330-332,334-335,363,418 8 pivott 1-2,14-15, 45, 56-57, 66, 69, 73, 76-77,, 182, 222-223, 420 cf. antecedent, head head plurall 67-68, 187-188, 264-265, 273, 305, 313-314,, 348, 363, 378, 417, 430 cf

multiplemultiple relativization, number, phi feature(s),feature(s), singular possessionn 39, 83, 105, 305-310, 313-314, 321,, 328, 335, 342-343, 350-351 cf. genitive genitive attributivee 305-306, 308-310-311, 313, 315,321,323,328,350 0 canonicall 308 cognitivee schemata of 306, 308-311 generalizedd 308, 315,319, 335, 342 predicativee 307-309-310

S U B J E C TT I N D E X 4 7 1 1 possessivee cf. genitive

dativee see adnominal possessive dative featuree 315-316-320, 325-327,335, 340-341,, 343, 345, 349 cf. feature, genitive independentt - 306,335,337,344-345 prepositionn 311, 315-316-320, 327, 340, 343,, 345 cf genitive (prepositional) pronounn 305-306, 311, 313, 317-321, 326-327,335,340,342-343,345 5 propriall ~ construction see propria} relativee clause 4-5, 10, 64, 129, 188,

305-306,, 310, 314, 321-322, 324-326, 328,330,334-335,352,431 1

possessorr 306, 308, 312-313, 317, 338-340,345 5

humann see human

possessionn 308,314,322,327

post-genitivee (341) see genitive (double) postnominall RC 5, 19-20, 22, 28, 30-31, 35-36-37,, 42, 50, 55, 77, 86, 91, 93-94, 96,, 98, 105, 116, 118, 127, 129-133, 135,, 137, 142, 147, 149, 163-164, 166, 173-174,, 217-218, 221, 234-235, 365, 373,, 382, 384, 391, 395, 404, 409, 413-421,427,4299 cf. appositive, restrictive analysess of 70-74, 83-86, 111-115, 413-421 1 derivationn of 116-130,150-153 inn non-SVO languages 36, 96,98,409 positionn of determiner in 63,91, 96, 127,

404 4

propertiess of 35-37

postnominall genitive see genitive postposedd RC 22-23, 29, 218, 429

PPP complement (of N/A) 81, 236, 238, 259,, 278-279, 286-292, 295, 297-298, 302-303,, 321 cf prepositional obj. ofV extractionn from 259,295-296 extrapositionn of 236, 238, 259, 278-279, 286-292,286-292,295-298,302-303 295-298,302-303 pragmaticc 243,277 precedencee 7, 48, 57, 82, 91, 111, 115, 141,, 186, 190-191, 205, 217, 223-224, 245,, 248, 257, 275, 317, 319, 339, 348, 373,376-377,379,, 384, 415-416,422 cf dominance,dominance, linear predicate/predicationn 9, 31, 34, 45, 51, 53, 60-62,, 71-72, 79-80, 123, 182,187, 207, 223,, 227, 236, 238, 280, 348-350, 417, 4200 cf free relative (transparent), small

clause clause

predicatee inversion 348-350 cf qualitative

predicationall pseudo-cleft see pseudo-cleft predicativee adjunct AP see adjective/AP predicativee possession see possession prenominall genitive see genitive

prenominall RC 5,16,20,29-33,36-37, 50, 86,, 94-96, 105, 131-135, 142, 150, 153, 164,, 174, 207, 218, 234, 235, 365, 373, 379,, 384, 389, 406, 408, 413, 418, 421-423,427,429 9 analysess of 131,413,416,418,421 derivationn of 131-135

inn non-SOV languages 36,408

positionn of determiner in 63, 94-97, 131-132,406 6 propertiess of 35-37,131-132 preposedd RC (15, 22-23, 29, 145, 149, 429)429) see correlative RC preposing g off postnominal RC 202, 216, 250, 267, 255-289,, 295 cf extraposition off ARC/apposition 202,216

off genitive PP see genitive (prenominal) prepositionn (empty) see empty

prepositionn stranding 4,13,62,64-65,242, 306,, 325, 328-330 cf. pied piping,

R-pronoun R-pronoun

prepositionall genitive see genitive prepositionall object

off N/A see PP complement (of N/A) off V 15, 59, 164, 237-238, 259, 263,

281,290,293,296,298,303,380 0 extractionn from 259,296

extrapositionn of 237-238, 259, 263, 281,290,, 293, 296,298

Principlee A 81 cf. binding, anaphor Principlee C 82, 106, 134, 140, 261, 262,

299,, 318, 320 cf. binding, R-expression

propro 41, 85-86, 89-90, 142, 148, 219, 224,

282,, 318, 320, 343, 345, 415 cf. empty

element,element, empty noun

dropp 41,142,148 inn ARC 219, 224

inn extraposition construction 282 inn possessive construction 318,320, 343,

345 5

inn revised raising analysis 85-86, 89-90 PROO 81-82, 113, 194, 281, 415 cf empty element/noun element/noun subjectt 81-82, 113,194 projectionn 4, 7-10, 30, 72, 74, 83-85, 87, 89,, 104, 112-113, 115, 120, 128-130, 134-135,, 209, 212, 217, 219, 223-224,

472 2

S U B J E C TT INDEX 238,, 240-242, 246, 254, 256, 271, 273,

276,, 279, 315, 317, 320, 330, 332, 334-335,, 339, 414, 416, 418-419, 424 cf

derivation,derivation, phrase structure, shell

extendedd 9, 72, 74, 83, 84, 209, 219, 224,, 241, 279, 317, 335 cf. Extended ProjectionProjection Principle functionall 8, 87, 89, 123, 150, 335, 349-350,, 419 cf. head (functional) promotionn (theory) 3-5, 25, 64, 69-70, 73-74,, 76, 82-84, 86-88, 91, 93, 95, 97-98, 102-104,, 108-111, 114, 118-119, 123, 126-127,, 129-130, 132, 138-139, 142, 148-153,, 166, 168-169, 171-172, 181, 196,, 203, 207-210, 220, 224-226, 231, 233,, 242-243, 267, 269, 277, 283, 305-306,, 323-324, 326, 328, 330, 333-335, 350-351,, 386,419-420 cf. raising pronominall antecedent see antecedent pronounn 1, 5, 14, 17, 27, 31-32, 34, 37,40, 43,, 49, 54, 57, 60, 62-63, 68-69, 73, 75, 81,, 94, 106, 111-113, 116,118-119, 126-127,, 133-134, 138, 146, 149, 155-158, 163,, 165-169, 172-174, 177-178, 182, 184-185,, 189, 190, 193, 196, 201-202, 210,, 218-222, 224-226, 228-231, 235, 243,, 261-262, 265, 272, 305, 311-312, 314,, 317-320, 325, 328, 339-341, 344-345,, 382, 395,415-417,422-423,430 demonstrativee 15, 33, 40, 43, 46-48, 52, 62,, 94, 106, 118, 132, 138, 146, 148-149,, 157, 165, 168-169, 171-174, 185-186,, 220, 314, 319, 329, 341, 344, 349,, 358, 363, 373-374, 379, 381, 416, 421,, 424-425 cf. correlative RC, pronounpronoun (resumptive) interrogativee 1, 37, 43, 44, 49, 106, 116, 118,, 169, (173), 222, 319, 329 intrusivee 165, 167, 169 cf. pronoun (resumptive) (resumptive) personall 37, 43, 62, 148, 168-169, 218, 221,, 230, 264, 373-374 cf correlative RC,RC, pronoun (resumptive)

possessivee see possessive R-- see R-pronoun

reflexivee see anaphor, reflexive relativee 1-2, 4-5, 13-14, 17-18, 23, 25, 27,, 31-32, 37-39, 43-44, 50, 53-55, 59-62,, 69, 71, 77, 81, 84-85, 106, 111-112,, 114-119, 122-124, 126-127, 129, 131,, 133-137, 140, 142, 146, 148-149, 155-162-163,, 165-168, 170-174, 176-178,, 181-182, 185, 188-190, 195, 197-198,, 200-201, 206-207, 210, 220-226, 228,, 230-231, 235, 243, 259, 264-265, 305,314,, 322, 324-325, 363, 365, 374, 376,, 378-379, 381, 384, 386, 388, 395, 400,, 414, 416-418, 424, 430 cf.

relativerelative element, relative particle

resumptivee 2, 5, 17, 19, 34. 37-39, 62, 136,, 155-160, 162, 165-169, 172-174, 176-178,, 365, 381-382, 396-397, 423, 4300 cf. relative element

pronounn retention see pronoun

(resump-tive) (resump-tive)

prop-antecedentt (43) see antecedent

(pro-nominal) (pro-nominal)

propositionn 56, 71, 116, 213-214, 309 Propositionall Island Condition 116 cf.

island island

propriall possessive construction 311,345 prosodyy 238 cf. intonation pseudo-cleftt 4, 13, 18, 40, 61-62, 431 cf

cleft cleft

predicationall 61 specificationall 61 pseudo-relativee 65-66,431 Q Q qualitativee construction 187, 306, 335, 337,, 345-350 cf possession, predicate inversion inversion quantifier/quantificationn 26-28, 42, 113, 132,, 141, 146, 148, 183-184, 191-192, 199,, 203, 261-263, 299-301, 327, 350, 414,, 424-225 cf maximalization, scope, vacuous vacuous

quantityy degree relative see degree relative question n

echoo see echo

embedded/indirectt 37. 44, 56-57, 142, 376,415,418 8

formationn 266-267, 302-303 cf

extra-position extra-position R R

radicall orphanage see orphanage

raisingg 2, 3, 5, 69-70, 72-74, 76-88, 91-92, 103-109,, 111-113, 115, 120, 122-123, 126,, 138, 148, 161, 166, 169, 172, 178, 207,, 209, 225, 245, 254-255. 320, 326, 343,, 350, 414, 418-419, 421-423 cf. promotion promotion

SUBJECTT INDEX _{473 3}

LFF (remnant) ~ see LF (remnant) oldd ~ analysis 74,85-86

revisedd ~ analysis 74, 84-85-86, 88, 91, 93,95,97-98,101,103,107,109-111 1 Rightt Node see Right Node Raising reconstructionn 9, 80-82, 105-106, 133,

181,191,207,247,257,2622 cf binding recoverabilityy 15, 39, 164, 188, 253, 276,

278,, 416 cf. ellipsis, Head Condition (i),

remnantremnant (in ellipsis)

recursionn 4, 7, 13, 62, 64, 147, 191, 339, 4311 cf. multiple embedding

reductionn 415 cf Head Condition (ii) reflexivee (pronoun) 105,364 cf. anaphor reformulationn 212 c / apposition relativee adverb see adverb relativee affix see affix relativee attribute see attribute

relativee clause see ad-, adnominal,

adverbial,adverbial, amount, appositive, circum-nominal,nominal, closed, convertible, co-, correlative,correlative, degree, embedded, event, externallyexternally headed, free, gerundival, headed,headed, final, initial, head-internal,internal, headless, infinitival, internally headed,headed, kind, left-extraposed, main types of,of, maximalizing, non-finite, object, open,open, participial, possessive, postposed, postpost nominal, prenominal, pseudo-, ~s of aa third kind, replacive, restrictive,

right-extraposed,extraposed, subject, subordinated, that-, wh-,wh-, zero

relativee complementizer see

complemen-tizer complemen-tizer

relativee determiner see determiner relativee element 2-5,18-19, 23, 31, 33, 37, 39,, 41-42, 55, 62, 66, 69, 76, 78-79, 87, 130,, 136, 138, 151-152, 155, 157-158, 162-164,, 173, 175-178, 188, 221-222, 226,, 231, 351, 363, 374, 376, 386, 388-391,, 395, 397-398, 400, 402-404, 406-409,, 411, 413, 416, 424-425, 430 cf

adverbadverb (relative), affix (relative), COMP, complementizercomplementizer (relative), determiner (relative),(relative), empty operator, pronoun (relative),(relative), pronoun (resumptive), relative marker,marker, relative operator, relative particle particle

classificationn of 173-176,374,430 combinationn of 39,177

featuress of 157-162 functionn of 155-162

inn various languages 395-402 syntaxx of 157-162-172 relativee marker 5, 38, 62, 70, 136, 142, 155,, 162, 165, 170-174-178, 363, 365, 374,, 376, 400, 413, 430 cf relative element element relativee operator 77-81, 112, 163, 166, 168,, 170-171, 178, 223, 417 cf. empty

determiner/operator,determiner/operator, operator, relative element,element, wh-operator relativee particle 4, 13, 23, 37, 62, 111, 129-131,, 134, 136, 138, 155-165, 170, 174-178,, 181, 188, 363-365, 374, 377-378,, 381-382, 395, 398-400-402, 422, 430 430

cfcf affix (relative), complementizer (relative),(relative), relative element

attributivee 174-176, 365, 402 classificationn of 174-176 featuress of 157-162 functionn of 155-162 nominalizingg 16, 19, 42, 138, 174-176, 363,, 365, 374, 398, 402 cf. nomi-nalization nomi-nalization subordinatingg 174-176, 398-400 relativee pronoun see pronoun

relativess of a third kind 13, 25 cf degree

relative,relative, maximalizing RC

relativee strategies (more than one) 412 remnant t

topicalizationn 61,91-95,97-99,101-102, 104,, 127, 129-130, 132-135, 207-209, 257-2588 cf LF (remnant) raising inn ellipsis 276-278, 282 cf Condition on

Remnants,Remnants, ellipsis, Head Condition (i), recoverability recoverability

replacivee RC 21-22-23, 38, 428-429 cf

circumnominalcircumnominal RC.free relative

restrictivee apposition see apposition restrictivee RC 5, 14, 16-18, 23-24-26, 28-29,, 32, 34-35, 41, 63,69-74, 78, 84,106, 111,, 116, 123, 130-131, 133, 136-137, 144,, 164, 181-192, 194-214, 216-217, 220-227,, 230-231, 234-235, 270, 328, 330,, 334, 351, 363, 373, -#75-421, 431 cfcf appositive RC, maximalizing RC, relativerelative clause, semantics

resultt clause 68, 236, 256, 279, 285, 287-292,295,297,299-302 2

extractionn from 295

extrapositionn of 236, 279, 285, 287-292, 295,297,299-302 2

474 4 SUBJECTT INDEX resultativee (ARC) 65 cf continuative

resumptivee pronoun see pronoun revisedd raising analysis see raising revisedd standard theory see standard th. Rightt Node Raising 45, 240, 247,264,275

cfcf deletion, ellipsis

Rightt Roof Constraint 251-254, 264-265, 267,269,2899 cf. extraposition, island right-dislocationn 238 cf left-dislocation

right-extraposedright-extraposed RC (22-23, 236, 250,

429)429) see extraposition

right-handd adjunction see adjunction

rightwardrightward movement theory 216, 233, 239, 241-243,, 244, 246, 249-252, 254-256, 259,, 261-262, 264, 266-267-268, 283, 3511 cf extraposition

rigidd left hypothesis 87-90, 103-104, 109-110,, 127, 129-130, 132, 135, 139, 150

cf.cf. phrase structure

rolee independency 15,106-108,182 R-expressionn HI cf. binding, Principle C R-pronounn 296, 325, 328 cf pied piping R-transformationn 325, 328-330, 334

S S

satellitee 30

satsflatorr 258 cf. Complex Noun Phrase

Constraint,Constraint, extraction

Saxonn genitive see genitive SCC see small clause

scalee 4, 14, 23-25, 31-35, 78, 144, 146,

156,163,211,218 8

anaphoricc 32

attribution/attributivityy 32

grammaticall function 33-34 cf

gram-maticalmatical function hierarchy

Grosuu & Landman's 23-24-29 cf

semantics semantics

nominalizationn 31 off appositions 211 relativee elements 33 subordinationn 31

^-constructionn 337 see genitive (Saxon) SCHH see Subordinate Clause Hypothesis scopee 58, 63, 70, 84-85, 133, 138, 140, 148,, 181, 191-(195), 199, 202-203-204, 206-208,, 210, 226-(227), 231, 247-248, 253,, 257, 261-263, 299, 350, 418 cf. appositiveappositive RC, binding scramblingg 143, 146, 149, 245, 248, 256, 258,, 268 selectionn 6, 44, 75-77, 79-80, 82, 85, 105-108,, 111, 114-115, 119, 123, 125, 129, 172,, 206-207, 212, 220, 224, 238, 243, 257,, 274, 316-317,332-333, 345-346 selectionn structure 6, 77, 79-80, 86, 111, 220,, 257, 332-333 cf D-structure,

LogicalLogical Form, S-structure

semantic/semanticss 1, 3-4, 8-9, 13-16, 23-29,, 32, 34-35, 38, 40-41, 43, 46, 49-50, 53,, 55, 64-65, 68-69, 72, 77-79, 106-108,, 123, 138, 141, 146, 149-150, 163, 194,, 181-182, 206, 211-214, 219, 223, 224,, 231, 234-235, 238, 240, 243, 258, 265,, 270, 273, 277-278, 283, 293, 308-310,, 313, 315, 317, 327, 335, 339-340, 343,, 346-350, 352, 414, 417, 420, 424-425,, 431 classificationn of RCs 17-18, 23-29, 431 feature(s)) 8 cf feature implicationss concerning RC 35 off apposition 211-212,218 off ARC/RRC 182-188, 191-195, 199-203,215,217-218,223-227 7 off circumnominal RC 141-145 off coordination 213-214,272-273 off correlative RC 28, 146 off degree relative 25-27

off extraposed ARC / pseudo-relative 65-66 6

off extraposition 65-66,231-233,243 off free relatives 28,43,45,47-48, 50, 53 off possession 306-310, 338, 340, 343,

346-350 0

off specifying coordination 213-214 semi-freee relative (43, 220) see free

relativerelative (false) sentencee 6-7, 13, 16, 18, 20, 22, 25-29, 31, 33,, 38-40, 44-47, 56-59, 61-62, 64, 66, 71,, 76-77, 79, 82, 105, 113, 115, 117-118,, 123-124, 136-138, 141-143, 145, 147,, 157-158, 163, 165, 167, 169, 174. 183,, 188, 192, 194-1%, 199-201, 203, 207,, 212, 214, 218, 228-229, 233-234, 237-239,, 242, 248, 251, 253, 258, 260, 263,, 265, 267, 269, 272, 276, 278-280, 285,, 289-291, 293-294, 297-298, 303, 323,, 326-327, 331-333, 363, 413, 417, 420-421,, 424 cf. main clause, matrix

clause,clause, subordinate clause

SUBJECTT INDEX

475 5

sett 7, 24, 26, 33, 164, 184-185, 202-203, 206,213-214,235,270,, 344,419 intersectionn 24,26,213 sub-- 26, 33, 164, 202, 206, 214, 235, 270,419 9 unionn 213-214 shelll 44, 70, 72, 76, 92, 121, 169, 249, 252,, 263, 334, 340-341 cf. projection (extended,(extended, functional) DP-- 44, 70, 76, 92, 121, 169 cf. DP hypothesis hypothesis

simplexx phrase 24,236-237,303 cf duplex

construction construction

extrapositionn of 236-237, 280-282, 290, 292-293,, 296, 303 cf extraposition singularr 66, 187-188, 264, 273, 305, 364

cfcf phi feature (s), number, plural

sisterr 7, 72, 243, 274-275 cf

com-plementation,plementation, phrase structure

smalll clause 45, 51, 53, 61, 71, 207, 209, 238,, 348, 420 cf free relative

(trans-parent),parent), predicate, pseudo-cleft, sur-roundingrounding phrase theory (of ARC)

sortall 23-28 -externall 24,28 -internall 24-25,27-28 SOVV see main constituent order

specc left hypothesis 87-90, 103-104, 109-1100 cf. phrase structure

specc right hypothesis 87-90. 103-104,109-1100 cf phrase structure spec-headd (relation) 8, 10, 120, 122, 124, 128,, 134, 140, 172, 318, 320, 323-324, 329,, 333, 348, 417, 419 cf checking configuration configuration spec-head-compp (order) 7. 84. 86-88, 123, 131,, 133, 139, 150 cf linear, phrase structure structure specificc 16,47, 49, 70. (81). 143.182-183, 200,, 241, 270, 315, 364. 378 cf definite,

generic,generic, universal (ii)

antecedentt see antecedent

non-specificc 43. 74. 182-183. (192), 199 specificationn 71, 210-211. 213-214, 217-218,, 223-224, 251. 269-270. 283,310 cf

specifyingspecifying coordination

specificationall (cleft) see

pseudo-cleft pseudo-cleft

Specifiedd Subject Condition 116 cf island specifierr 7,9, 72, 87, 89-92.104, 109,112,

120,, 124, 128, 134, 150, 203, 209, 226, 250,, 271, 274, 315, 317, 319, 325-326,

334,, 348, 417, 419 cf

comple-ment(ation),ment(ation), head, phrase structure, spec left/rightleft/right hypothesis, spec-head(-comp)

specifyingg coordination 5-6, 29, 48, 71, 181,, 186, 208, 210, 213-216, 218, 222-224,, 231, 233, 239-241, 243-244, 246-251,, 253, 255-256, 258-263, 265-270, 272,, 274, 276, 279, 281-283, 351, 363, 4200 cf. coordination ass behindance 270-276

pluss ellipsis theory 239-244, 246, 248-251,, 253,256, 258, 260-261,263,265-267-268-270,, 272, 274, 276, 279, 281-283,, 351,363 cf extraposition semanticss of see semantics

theoryy 239-241, 243, 246-251,253, 255-256,, 258-259, 261-263, 265-267-268-270,, 272, 274, 276, 283, 420 cf

extraposition extraposition

specifyingg coordinative phrase 272, 274 cf

coordinativecoordinative adverb, coordinative head

spell-outt 9, 14, 85, 163, 168, 219, 221, 245,, 276, 315-316, 318, 320-321, 326-328,, 343, 348-349 cf derivation split t antecedentt 4, 39, 67-68, 147, 205, 263-264,, 267, 301 cf extraposition, multiplemultiple relativization

collocationn see collocation

CPP 115, 242 cf projection (functional),

shell shell

S-structuree 6, 9, 137, 195, 418, 422-424

cfcf D-structure, Logical Form, selection structure structure

stackingg 4, 13, 26-28, 62, 64, 144-146, 181,, 190-191, 197-199, 203, 216, 223, 4311 cf multiple embedding, multiplicity standardd theory (of RC)

oldd 70-74, 84, 87-88, 91-93, 95, 97-98, 100,103-104,106-109-110 0

revisedd 72-73-74, 84, 86-87, 92-93, 95, 97-98,, 100, 103-104, 106, 108-109-110,203,219 9

stockk (of languages) 366-372 cf family stranding g

inn the middlefield 200, 254-256, 266-267,, 269,291,295 cf. extraposition prepositionn ~ see preposition stranding theoryy 233, 239-247, 249-252, 254-255,

257,, 259-262, 264-267-268, 283 cf

4 7 6 6 S U B J E C TT I N D E X

stresss 187, 195, 287, 331 cf. focus,

intonation intonation

strictt cycle condition 9,120-121,324 strongg (feature) 9, 114, 120-122, 125, 139, 149-151-152,, 263,419 cf. feature, weak subcategorizationn \\5 cf. selection subjacencyy 116-117,144,167 cf. island subjectt 10, 14-15, 17, 31, 33-34, 37, 39, 46-48,, 55, 58-59, 65, 81, 113, 116, 121, 123-124,, 141-143, 149, 161, 163-165, 169,, 175, 181-182, 184, 187, 194, 206, 238-239,, 245-246, 248-249, 258, 261-264,, 269-270, 281, 299, 307, 312, 315, 363-364,, 373, 377, 378, 384, 431 cf. object object

clausee see argument clause PROO see PRO subject

relativee clause 33, 37, 39, 46, 55, 142, 163-164,, 184, 187, 431 cf. adverbial

RC,RC, grammatical function hierarchy, objectobject RC

subject-objectt asymmetry see Empty

CategoryCategory Principle subordinatee clause 1, 14-16, 22, 33, 44, 48-49,, 57, 59-60, 66, 76, 111-112, 115, 123,, 128, 142, 148, 150, 155, 157-158, 163,, 169-170, 202, 205-208, 221, 228, 2 % ,, 323-324, 345, 363, 377, 379, 414-4155 cf main clause, matrix clause Subordinatee Clause Hypothesis 205,

207-209,, 363, 415 cf Main Clause

Hypothesis Hypothesis

subordinatedd RC (22-23, 429) see

em-beddedbedded RC

subordinatingg affix see affix

Subordinationn function 31-33, 155-163, 177-178,, 193, 376 cf. Attribution

func-tion,tion, Gap Construction, scale

subordinatorr 31, 156-157, 174-175, 374, 379,, 381, 384 cf affix (subordinating),

complementizer complementizer

subsett see set

substancee degree relative see degree

relative relative

surroundingg phrase theory (of ARC) 207-209 9

SVOO see main constituent order syntacticc features) cf. feature

syntacticc function hierarchy see

gram-maticalmatical function hierarchy

syntacticc hierarchy 7, 272-273, 275 cf.

linear,linear, phrase structure, hierarchy

syntaxx 1-5, 6-10, 19-20, 24, 41, 57, 64-65, 68-72,77,, 80, 82,91,109, 111, 116-117, 119,, 135-138, 140-141, 146, 148, 150, 155,, 157-158, 162-163, 167-169, 176, 178,, 198, 203, 205-207, 209-210, 212, 218,, 220, 224, 231, 233, 241, 257, 272, 306,, 309, 312-313, 315, 324, 335, 339, 351-352,, 414, 420, 425 cf. grammar, phrasephrase structure

off apposition see apposition, etc. off extraposition see extraposition, etc.

ofof possession see possession, etc.

off RC see relative clause, etc.

9-rolee see thematic role temporall affix see affix

tendencyy 13, 31, 34-39, 166 cf.

im-plication,plication, universal (i)

tensee 116, 142, 175, 363, 380-383 cf aspect,aspect, mood terminologyy 4, 13-14, 20-23, 29, 33, 50-51,, 67-68, 145, 156, 173, 211, 366, 427-429,, 430-431 cf classification, definition //wtf-relativee 113-117, 126-127, 137, 155, 161,, 418 cf. COMP, complementizer (relative) (relative)

that-tracethat-trace effect 33, 143 cf Empty CategoryCategory Principle, trace

thematicc role 15, 106, 108, 182, 306-307, 317,340 0

T-modell of grammar 9, 206 cf. grammar top-downn (derivation) 6 cf. bottom-up topic/topicalizationn 47, 53, 61, 78, 82, 135,

203,, 206, 215, 245, 250, 253-254, 256-258,, 263, 266, 297-294, 297, 302, 305, 309-312,, 317-321, 329, 331, 334, 339-340,, 343-345, 377, 384,423

topicc plus possessive pronoun construction 305,, 311, 317-318, 320-321, 339-340, 343 3

tracee 1, 9, 25, 85,113, 133, 143, 156, 165, 167-169,, 245, 257, 270, 374 cf. chain,

movement,movement, that-trace effect

transformationn 77, 91, 116, 137, 193, 204-205,251,325,, 328-330, 334,416 order-changingg 205, 416 cf.

discon-tinuoustinuous constituent theory

R-- see R-transformation