Citation for this paper:
With permission
Bennett, C. (2010). International privacy standards: Can accountability be
adequate?. Privacy Laws & Business International Newsletter, 106, 21-23.
https://www.privacylaws.com/Publications/int/PLB_International_Issues/PLB-International-Issue-106/
UVicSPACE: Research & Learning Repository
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International privacy standards: Can accountability be adequate?
Colin J. Bennett
August 2010
With permission from Privacy Laws & Business
https://www.privacylaws.com/Publications/int/PLB_International_Issues/PLB-International-Issue-106/
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``lrkq^_fifqv ^ka mofs^`v qÜÉ= î~ÖìÉåÉëë= çÑ= íÜÉ= íÉêã= áë= êÉÑäÉÅíÉÇ áå=áíë=ìë~ÖÉ=áå=íÜÉ=ÑáÉäÇ=çÑ=éêáî~Åó=ä~ïK qÜÉêÉ= áëI= çÑ= ÅçìêëÉI= ~å= ~ÅÅçìåí~Äáäáíó éêáåÅáéäÉ= ïáíÜáå= íÜÉ= lb`a= dìáÇÉJ äáåÉëW= ^= Ç~í~= ÅçåíêçääÉê= ëÜçìäÇ= ÄÉ ~ÅÅçìåí~ÄäÉ=Ñçê=ÅçãéäóáåÖ=ïáíÜ=ãÉ~ëJ ìêÉë=ïÜáÅÜ=ÖáîÉ=ÉÑÑÉÅí=íç=íÜÉ=éêáåÅáéäÉë ëí~íÉÇ=~ÄçîÉKÒ=qÜÉ=dìáÇÉäáåÉë=Öç=çå=íçInternational privacy standards:
Can accountability be adequate?
Accountability and adequacy approach should not be regarded as alternatives, as they are
complementary. By Colin Bennett.
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ANALYSIS
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ANALYSIS
çå=íÜÉ=~ÅÅÉéí~Äáäáíó=çÑ=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí=íÜáêÇJ é~êíó= ~ÅÅçìåí~Äáäáíó= ãÉÅÜ~åáëãëI= ~åÇ ~Äçìí= ïÜ~í= ÇçáåÖ= ÇìÉ= ÇáäáÖÉåÅÉÒ ëÜçìäÇ=ãÉ~å=áå=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí=ÅçåíÉñíëK=qÜ~í ãÉëë~ÖÉ= ëÜçìäÇ= ~äëç= ëáÖå~ä= íÜ~í= ëìÅÜ ~Åíáçåë= ïçìäÇ= ÄÉ= ÖáîÉå= ÉîáÇÉåíá~êó î~äìÉ= áå= ~åó= áåîÉëíáÖ~íáîÉ= çê= ÉåÑçêÅÉJ ãÉåí= éêçÅÉÇìêÉë= ÅçåÅÉêåáåÖ= íÜ~í= Ç~í~ ìëÉêK= qÜÉêÉ= Ü~ë= ÄÉÉå= ~= ëí~êí= áå= íÜ~í ÇáêÉÅíáçåI= ïáíÜ= íÜÉ= éìÄäáÅ~íáçå= çÑ ãçÇÉä= Åçåíê~ÅíëI= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= ~ééêçî~ä= çÑ ÅÉêí~áå= ÄáåÇáåÖ= Åçêéçê~íÉ= êìäÉëI ~äíÜçìÖÜ=åÉáíÜÉê=åÉÅÉëë~êáäó=çÄäáÖÉë=~å áåÇÉéÉåÇÉåí=íÉëíáåÖ=çÑ=éê~ÅíáÅÉëK=^=ÑìêJ íÜÉê=ëíÉé=áë=íÜÉ=ÉñéäáÅáí=ìëÉ=Äó=am^p=çÑ íÜÉ= ëìáíÉ= çÑ= ëÉÅìêáíó= ëí~åÇ~êÇë= ~åÇ áåëíêìãÉåíë=áå=íÜÉ=fpl=OTMMN=ëÉêáÉëI=íç ïÜáÅÜ= ~åó= çêÖ~åáë~íáçå= ~åóïÜÉêÉ ãáÖÜí= ÄÉ= ÅÉêíáÑáÉÇI= ~åÇ= íÜìë= ÄÉ ~ìÇáíÉÇKNN ^ÅÅçìåí~ÄáäáíóÒ= áë= åçíI= íÜÉåI= ~ ëÉé~ê~íÉ=~ééêç~ÅÜ=íç=Ç~í~=éêçíÉÅíáçåK=fí Ü~ë=~äï~óë=ÄÉÉå=ïáíÜáå=íÜÉ=îÉêó=ÑáÄêÉ=çÑ íÜÉëÉ= ä~ïëK= kÉáíÜÉê= áë= áí= ~å= ~äíÉêå~íáîÉ íç= ~ÇÉèì~Åó= ~ëëÉëëãÉåíë= áå= íÜÉ= ÅêçëëJ ÄçêÇÉê= ÅçåíÉñíK= o~íÜÉê= ~ÅÅçìåí~Äáäáíó áåëíêìãÉåíë=~êÉ=ï~óë=íç=ã~âÉ=íÜÉ=~ÇÉJ èì~Åó= Ñê~ãÉïçêâ= ïçêâ= ãçêÉ= ÉÑÑÉÅJ íáîÉäóK= tÉ= Ü~îÉ= ãçîÉÇ= ÄÉóçåÇI= ÜçïJ ÉîÉêI= ~= ëáíì~íáçå= ïÜÉêÉ= íÜÉ= çåäó ~ÅÅÉéí~ÄäÉ=~ÅÅçìåíÒ=çÑ=ïÜ~í=Ü~ééÉåë íç=éÉêëçå~ä=Ç~í~=ïáíÜáå==çêÖ~åáë~íáçåë=áë íÜ~í=éêçîáÇÉÇ=Äó=íÜÉ=çêÖ~åáë~íáçå=áíëÉäÑK qÜÉ=íêìëí=ãÉI=ãó=~ÅÅçìåí=áë=íÜÉ=íêìíÜÒ ~ééêç~ÅÜ= ïáää= åçí= ÄÉ= ëìÑÑáÅáÉåí= Ñçê ã~åó= = çêÖ~åáë~íáçåëK= = qÜÉ= í~ëâ= áë= íç ÄìáäÇ= îÉêáÑá~ÄäÉ= ~ÅÅçìåí~Äáäáíó= áåëíêìJ ãÉåíë= áåíç= íÜÉ= áãéäÉãÉåí~íáçå= çÑ= éêáJ î~Åó= ä~ïK= ^åÇ= íÜçëÉ= ãÉÅÜ~åáëãë= ïáää ÄÉ=åÉÅÉëë~êó=êÉÖ~êÇäÉëë=çÑ=ïÜÉíÜÉê=éÉêJ ëçå~ä=Ç~í~=áë=ÜÉäÇ=ïáíÜáå=~=ÇÉÑáåÉÇ=àìêáëJ íáÅíáçåI=çê=ÅêçëëÉë=ÖÉçÖê~éÜáÅ=ÄçêÇÉêëK1. Application of a Methodology designed to Assess the Adequacy of the Level of Protection of Individuals with regard to Processing Personal Data: Test of the Method on Several Categories of Transfer (European Commission Tender No. XV/97/18/D, September 1998) (With Charles D. Raab, Robert M. Gellman and Nigel Waters) at: http://ec.europa.eu/justice_home/fsj/pri vacy/docs/studies/adequat_en.pdf 2. See, Richard Mulgan, “Accountability:
An Ever-Expanding Concept? Public Administration. Vol. 78. No 3, 2000 (pp. 555-573).
3. OECD, Guidelines for the Protection of Personal Information and Transborder Data Flows, (Paris: OECD, 1981) at: http://www.oecd.org/document/18/0,33 43,en_2649_34255_1815186_1_1_1_ 1,00.html
4. APEC Privacy Framework at:
http://www.apec.org/apec/news___me dia/2004_media_releases/201104_ape cminsendorseprivacyfrmwk.html 5. Article 29 Data Protection Working
Party, The Future of Privacy, Adopted December 01, 2009 at:
http://ec.europa.eu/justice_home/fsj/pri vacy/workinggroup/wpdocs/2009_en.ht m
6. Center for Information Policy Leadership, “Data Protection Accountability: The Essential Elements” October 2009 at:
http://www.huntonfiles.com/files/webupl oad/CIPL_Galway_Accountability_Pap er.pdf
7. See for example, Colin J. Bennett, “Implementing Privacy Codes of Practice” (PLUS 8830), Canadian Standards Association, 1995.
8. Galexia, Trustmark Schemes Struggle to Protect Privacy (2008) at:
http://www.galexia.com/public/research/ assets/trustmarks_struggle_20080926/t rustmarks_struggle_public.html 9. Privacy Commissioner of Canada,
PIPIEDA Case Summary, CIPPIC v. Facebook at: http://www.priv.gc.ca/cf-dc/2009/2009_008_0716_e.cfm 10. Colin J. Bennett and Robin M. Bayley,
Saying what you do, and Doing what you say: Arguments and Prospects for an International Privacy Standard. Paper Prepared for the annual meeting of the International Data Protection Commissioners, Terra Incognita, Montreal September 25th-28th, 2007 at: http://www.privacyconference2007.gc.ca/ workbooks/pres_wrkshop2_01_bennett_ e.pdf
11. http://www.iso27001security.com/
REFERENCES
Colin Bennett is Professor at the Department of Political Science, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC. Canada, and Visiting Professor, School of Law, University of New South Wales, Australia. Email: cjb@uvic.ca AUTHOR qÜÉ=fëê~Éäá=i~ïI=fåÑçêã~íáçå=~åÇ=qÉÅÜJ åçäçÖó= ^ìíÜçêáíó= Efifq^F= íÜ~í ÉåÑçêÅÉë= íÜÉ= am= ^Åí= áãéçëÉÇI= çå= NS gìåÉI= ~å= ~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ= ÑáåÉ= EORUIMMM kfp= Z= rpASUIMMMF= Ñçê= ìåä~ïÑìä= éêçJ ÅÉëëáåÖ=çÑ=Ç~í~=Ñçê=íÜÉ=éìêéçëÉ=çÑ=ë~äÉ ~åÇ= ÇáëíêáÄìíáçå= çÑ= Ç~í~Ä~ëÉë= ~åÇ êÉä~íÉÇ=ëçÑíï~êÉK= jKkKo= iáãáíÉÇI= ~= ëçÑíï~êÉ= ÅçãJ é~åóI=Ü~Ç=ÇÉîÉäçéÉÇ=~=ãçÇìäÉ=íÜ~í=éêçJ îáÇÉë= éÉêëçå~ä= Ç~í~= çå= ÇÉÄíçêëI= ïÜáÅÜ áå= íìêå= Éå~ÄäÉÇ= ~= ìëÉê= íç= íê~ÅÉ= ~åÇ äçÅ~íÉ=íÜÉãK=qÜáë=ëçÑíï~êÉ=ÅçãéçåÉåí ï~ë= ëçäÇ= íç= jKkKo= ÅìëíçãÉêë= ~äçåÖ ïáíÜ=~=ÅçãéäÉíÉ=Ç~í~Ä~ëÉ=ïáíÜ=ÅçãéêÉJ ÜÉåëáîÉ=áåÑçêã~íáçå=çå=íÜÉ=ã~àçêáíó=çÑ fëê~ÉäÛë= ÅáíáòÉåëK= qÜÉ= ëçÑíï~êÉ= ãçÇìäÉ ~åÇ=íÜÉ=ìåÇÉêäóáåÖ=Ç~í~Ä~ëÉ=ïÉêÉ=ëçäÇ íç=~Äçìí=UM=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí=ÅìëíçãÉêë=Eãçëíäó ä~ï=ÑáêãëFK= få= áíë= ëÉÅçåÇ= ã~àçê= ÉåÑçêÅÉãÉåí ~Åíáçå= êÉëìäíáåÖ= áå= ~å= ~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ ÑáåÉI=íÜÉ=fifq^=áëëìÉÇ=~=ëÉ~êÅÜ=ï~êê~åíI ~åÇ=ÅçåÇìÅíÉÇ=~å=áåîÉëíáÖ~íáçå=áåîçäîJ áåÖ=íÜÉ=ëÉ~êÅÜ=~åÇ=Åçéó=çÑ=ÇáÖáí~ä=ÑáäÉë Ñêçã= ÅçãéìíÉêë= ~åÇ= Ü~êÇï~êÉ= áå jKkKoÛë= éêÉãáëÉëK= `çãéäÉñ= ÉJÇáëÅçîJ Éêó= êçìíáåÉë= ïÉêÉ= ìëÉÇ= íç= ~å~äóëÉ= íÜÉ áåÑçêã~íáçå= ~åÇ= áÇÉåíáÑó= ëìééçêíáåÖ ÑçêÉåëáÅ=ÉîáÇÉåÅÉK ^= é~êäá~ãÉåí~êó= ÅçããáííÉÉ= Ü~ë àìëí= ~ééêçîÉÇ= ~å= ìéÇ~íÉ= íç= íÜÉ= a~í~ mêçíÉÅíáçå= ^Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ= lÑÑÉåÅÉë lêÇáå~åÅÉI= ÖêÉ~íäó= áåÅêÉ~ëáåÖ= íÜÉ äÉîÉä=çÑ=ÑáåÉë=íç=RIMMM=kfp=ErpANIOVRF çå= áåÇáîáÇì~äë= EÉãéäçóÉÉë= çê= ã~åJ ~ÖÉêë= áå= ~= Åçêéçê~íáçåF= ~åÇ= íç= ORIMMM kfp= ErpASIQTMF= çå= çêÖ~åáë~íáçåë= Ñçê Åçêéçê~íÉ= çÑÑÉåÅÉëK= fí= ï~ë= ÇìÉ= íç= ÄÉ Ñçêã~ääó=~ééêçîÉÇ=áå=gìäóK √ cçê=áåÑçêã~íáçå=çå=íÜÉ=Ñáêëí=fifq^ ã~àçê= ÉåÑçêÅÉãÉåí= Å~ëÉI= ëÉÉ= miC_ fåíÉêå~íáçå~äI= cÉÄêì~êó= OMNMI= éKVK= qÜÉëÉ= áëëìÉë= ïáää= ÄÉ= Ñìääó= ÅçîÉêÉÇ= ~í miC_Ûë=ÅçåÑÉêÉåÅÉ=çå=ORíÜ=lÅíçÄÉê=áå fëê~ÉäK= cçê= ÑìêíÜÉê= áåÑçêã~íáçåI= îáëáíW ïïïKéêáî~Åóä~ïëKÅçãLaçÅìãÉåíëLbm lkLfëê~ÉäLáëê~ÉäKéÇÑ
Issue 106
August 2010
NEWS
2 – Comment
Expect more private legal action on privacy cases
News
• EU DP authorities need stronger powers • Mexico’s data protection law now in force • Taiwan amends DP law • US: Prison sentence for HIPAA offence • • Israel imposes fine on software company • Israel’s ‘adequacy’ under scrutiny • European Court of Justice rules against disclosure of lobbyists’ names • New Zealand consults on credit reporting • Current implementation of the EU Data Retention Directive unlawful •
Switzerland agrees to disclose banking details • Denmark refuses Google Apps usage notification •
NEWS
8 - Companies opt for BCRs despite lengthy project times
9 - US Supreme Court rules on employee pager privacy case 11 - US Department of Commerce defends role of Safe Harbor 15 - OECD and APEC work on
cross-border enforcement 17 - Investigations continue into
Google’s wi-fi data collection
LEGISLATION
12 - Sweeping reforms to the EU Data Protection Directive?
13 - Australian Privacy Principles 18 - France’s proposal for data breach
notification law makes progress 24 - India’s draft identity Bill
MANAGEMENT
19 - Implementing a global whistleblowing hotline
ANALYSIS
21 - International privacy standards: Can accountability be adequate?
INTERNATIONAL NEWSLETTER
Canada debates spam and
data breach law changes
Bills cover data breach notification duty and anti-spam measures
for unsolicited emails and text messages. Anita Fineberg reports.
l
å=OR=j~ó=OMNMI=íÜÉ=dçîÉêåJ ãÉåí=çÑ=`~å~Ç~=áåíêçÇìÅÉÇ íïç=Äáääë=çå=éêáî~ÅóW=_áää=`J OVI= ^å= ^Åí= íç= ^ãÉåÇ= íÜÉ= mÉêëçå~ä fåÑçêã~íáçå= mêçíÉÅíáçå= ~åÇ= bäÉÅJ íêçåáÅ=açÅìãÉåíë=^Åí ~åÇ=_áää=`JOU=I íÜÉ= cáÖÜíáåÖ= fåíÉêåÉí= ~åÇ= táêÉäÉëë pé~ã= ^Åí= Ecfp^FK= ^ÅÅçêÇáåÖ= íç fåÇìëíêó= `~å~Ç~I= íÜÉ= íïç= Äáääë= ~êÉ áåíÉåÇÉÇ= íç= ÉåÜ~åÅÉ= íÜÉ= ë~ÑÉíó= ~åÇ ëÉÅìêáíó=çÑ=íÜÉ=çåäáåÉ=ã~êâÉíéä~ÅÉKÒ _áää= `JOV= êÉéêÉëÉåíë= íÜÉ= äçåÖJ ~ï~áíÉÇ=dçîÉêåãÉåí=êÉëéçåëÉ=íç=íÜÉ ÑáîÉJóÉ~ê= ã~åÇ~íçêó= êÉîáÉï= çÑ `~å~Ç~Ûë= ÑÉÇÉê~ä= éêáî~íÉ= ëÉÅíçê= éêáJ î~Åó= äÉÖáëä~íáçåI= íÜÉ= mÉêëçå~ä= fåÑçêJEU opinion on opt-in for
cookies causes concern
Until the average Internet user is savvy enough to affirmatively
consent to online behavioural advertising, organisations should
be looking for an opt-in solution. Dugie Standeford reports.
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