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UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (https://dare.uva.nl)

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Gene therapy in the cardiovascular system: editorial

Levi, M.M.; Coronel, R.

Publication date

1997

Published in

Cardiovascular research

Link to publication

Citation for published version (APA):

Levi, M. M., & Coronel, R. (1997). Gene therapy in the cardiovascular system: editorial.

Cardiovascular research, 35, 389-390.

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Ž .

Cardiovascular Research 35 1997 389–390

Editorial

Gene Therapy in the Cardiovascular System

Marcel Levi

a

, Ruben Coronel

b

a

Center for Hemostasis, Thrombosis, Atherosclerosis and Inflammation Research, Academic Medical Center, UniÕersity of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands

b

Department of Experimental Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, UniÕersity of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality in the Western world, and although major progress has been made in the prevention and management of cardio-vascular diseases, currently available interventions are of-ten insufficiently efficacious or associated with various adverse effects. Also, most therapies are directed at the

Ž . Ž

consequences e.g. ischemia rather than the causes e.g.

.

atherosclerosis of the disease. Novel therapies that much more specifically interfere in pathogenetic processes might be of great benefit for prevention and treatment of cardio-vascular disorders and the underlying causes.

The transfer of genes into the somatic cells of patients

Žor: ‘‘gene therapy’’ to interfere with pathogenetic pro-.

cesses contributing to cardiovascular disease may provide such a novel approach for better prevention and treatment

w x

of cardiovascular disorders 1,2 . Two major developments have importantly contributed to the intense investigation of the potential of gene therapy in cardiovascular medicine: First, the tremendous increment in knowledge on specific pathways and mediators that appear to play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease has provided several therapeutic targets for specific intervention. Sec-ond, the amazing advances in molecular biology have provided a dramatic improvement of the technology that is necessary to clinically apply gene therapy.

Gene therapy for cardiovascular disorders is now fast developing and a considerable number of succesful reports on the effects of gene transfer in various animal models are being published. Also, initial clinical studies are being developed or in progress. However, a large number of issues need to be resolved before this approach can further expand, and much research is currently devoted to solve these issues. Hence, the editorial team of CardioÕascular

Research thought that it might be timely to devote a

spotlight issue to the subject of ‘‘Gene Therapy in the Cardiovascular System’’. Many thanks should be directed to the guest editors of this spotlight issue, Christophe Bauters, Peter Carmeliet and Hans Pannekoek, who were extremely helpful in soliciting contributions from various

outstanding researchers in the field for this special issue and in reviewing the various manuscripts.

This spotlight issue of CardioÕascular Research con-tains several reviews and original articles dealing with the potential and limitations of gene therapy, the identification of ideal genes to interfere with, optimal techniques for gene transfer and transduction of vascular cells and car-diomyocytes, application of gene therapy in different ani-mal models, and potential clinical applications.

Optimal techniques for gene delivery in arteries and local drug delivery systems are being reviewed by

Feld-w x w x

man and Steg 3 and by Brieger and Topol 4 , and several original articles deal with various viral vectors for gene

w x

transfer 5–7 . One of the important limitations of viral gene transfer may be the immunological response to the

w x

viral vector. Yap et al. 8 describe how immunosuppres-sion may partly overcome this response. Gene transfer may be helpful for inherited or acquired diseases of the heart, as

w x

reviewed in this issue 9,10 , and further illustrated by two

w x

original contributions 11,12 . A major point of impact for gene therapy is represented by atherothrombotic vascular diseases: Subsequently, the potential of gene therapy for treatment of hypercholesterolemia, arterial thrombosis, and

w x

restenosis are reviewed 13–15 . In addition, reports of

w x

original studies on transfection of endothelial cells 16 , and transfer of the nitric oxide synthase gene, the vascular

w x

endothelial growth factor gene, or the GAX gene 17–19 , are included. Finally, the subject of gene transfer-induced therapeutic angiogenesis is highlighted in two review

arti-w x

cles 20,21 .

In summary, this issue of CardioÕascular Research reflects the exciting development of gene therapy for a broad spectrum of disorders in the cardiovascular system. Whether these novel therapeutic approaches will be as successful as they promise to be remains to be seen in appropriate clinical trials. However, the exploration of gene transfer in various areas of cardiovascular research will certainly yield an enormous enhancement of the in-sights in pathogenesis and therapeutic targets in cardio-0008-6363r97r$17.00 q 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Ž .

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( ) M. LeÕi, R. Coronel r CardioÕascular Research 35 1997 389–390

390

vascular disease and the possibilities of molecular genetic technologies in cardiovascular medicine.

References

w x1 Hamsten A. Molecular genetics as the route to understanding, Ž .

prevention and treatment. Lancet 1996;348 suppl :s17–9.

w x2 Nabel EG. Gene therapy for cardiovascular disease. Circulation

1995;91:541–548.

w x3 Feldman LJ, Steg G. Optimal techniques for arterial gene transfer.

Cardiovasc Res 1997;35:391–404.

w x4 Brieger D, Topol E. Local drug delivery systems and prevention of

restenosis. Cardiovasc Res 1997;35:405–413.

w x5 Roks AJM, Pinto YM, Paul M, et al. Vectors based on Semliki

Forest virus for rapid and efficient gene transfer into non-endothelial cardiovascular cells: comparison to adenovirus. Cardiovasc Res 1997;35:498–504.

w x6 Channon KM, Fulton GJ, Gray JL, et al. Efficient adenoviral gene

transfer to venous bypass grafts: comparison with native vessels. Cardiovasc Res 1997;35:505–513.

w x7 Maeda Y, Ikeda U, Ogasawara Y, et al. Gene transfer into vascular Ž .

cells using adeno-associated virus AAV vectors. Cardiovasc Res 1997;35:514–521.

w x8 Yap J, O’Brien T, Tazelaar HD, McGregor CGA.

Immunosuppres-sion prolongs adenoviral mediated transgene expresImmunosuppres-sion in cardiac allograft transplantation. Cardiovasc Res 1997;35:529–535.

w x9 Bowles NE, Wang Q, Towbin JA. Prospects for

adenovirus-media-ted gene therapy of inheriadenovirus-media-ted diseases of the myocardium. Cardio-vasc Res 1997;35:422–430.

w10 Leor J, Prentice H, Sartorelli V, et al. Gene transfer and cellx

transplant: an experimental approach to repair a ‘broken heart’. Cardiovasc Res 1997;35:431–441.

w11 Franz WM, Rothmann T, Frey N, Katus H. Analysis of tissue-speificx

gene delivery by recombinant adenoviruses containing cardiac-specific promoters. Cardiovasc Res 1997;35:560–566.

w12 Prentice H, Bishopric N, Hicks MN, et al. Regulated expression of ax

foreign gene targeted to the ischaemic myocardium. Cardiovasc Res 1997;35:567–574.

w13 Vassalli G, Dichek DA. Gene therapy for arterial thrombosis. Car-x

diovasc Res 1997;35:459–469.

w14 Gerard R, Collen D. Adenovirus gene therapy for hypercholes-x

terolemia, thrombosis and restenosis. Cardiovasc Res 1997;35:451– 458.

w15 Baker AH, Mehta D, George SJ, Angelini GD. Prevention of veinx

graft failure: potential applications for gene therapy. Cardiovasc Res 1997;35:442–450.

w16 Tanner FC, Carr DP, Nabel GJ, Nabel EG. Transfection of humanx

endothelial cells. Cardiovasc Res 1997;35:522–528.

w17 Cable DG, O’Brien T, Kullo IJ, et al. Expression and function of ax

recombinant endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene in porcine coro-nary arteries. Cardiovasc Res 1997;35:553–559.

w18 Takeshita S, Isshiki T, Mori H, et al. Microangiographic assessmentx

of collateral vessel formation following direct gene transfer of vascular endothelial growth factor in rats. Cardiovasc Res 1997;35:547–552.

w19 Maillard L, van Belle E, Smith RC, et al. Percutaneous delivery ofx

the gax gene inhibits vessel stenosis in a rabbit model of balloon angioplasty. Cardiovasc Res 1997;35:536–546.

w20 Melillo G, Scoccianti M, Kovesdi I, et al. Gene therapy for collateralx

vessel development. Cardiovasc Res 1997;35:480–489.

w21 Lewis BS, Flugelman MY, Weisz A, Keren-Tal I, Schaper W.x

Angiogenesis by gene therapy: a new horizon for myocardial revas-cularization?. Cardiovasc Res 1997;35:490–497.

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