• No results found

HOOFSTUK 4: SLOT

4.3 Slotopmerkings

In hierdie verhandeling is die beskrywing, analise en interpretasie van drie van Eben Venter se romans, naamlik Foxtrot van die Vleiseters, Ek stamel ek sterwe en Santa Gamka gemaak deur die kognitiewe narratologiese konsepte van rame en skripte te gebruik ten einde te toon hoe Venter veelfasettige manlikheidsbeelde in sy romanoeuvre representeer. Beperkings van die studie sluit in veral die feit dat slegs drie romans as eksemplaries van Venter se romanoeuvre geanaliseer en geïnterpreteer kon word weens ruimtebeperkings. ʼn Verdere beperking is dat die resepsie van die romans nie op empiriese wyse nagevors kon word nie, omdat hierdie studie kwalitatief is. Dit is wel sterk te betwyfel of manlikheid as sosiologiese genderkonstruk wel enigsins nagevors sal kan word juis vanweë die verskeie vorme waarin dit voorkom – veral in ʼn diverse land soos Suid-Afrika.

Die studie is ʼn poging tot ʼn bydrae tot die letterkundige veld aangesien kognitiewe narratologie ʼn relatief nuwe literêre benadering is en ook omdat manlikheid so ʼn komplekse genderkonstruk is, veral in Suid-Afrika. Daar is ook nog nie baie nagraadse studie oor Venter se werk gedoen nie en hierdie verhandeling probeer die gaping in die akademiese literatuur oor die outeur en sy romans oorbrug.

Hierdie studie kan in die toekoms gebruik word as riglyn vir die gebruik van die kognitiewe narratologie as literêre benadering tot narratiewe tekste en dien ook as vertrekpunt vir enige studies wat die kognitiewe konsepte van rame en skripte wil gebruik om romans te analiseer. Die interdissiplinêre aard van die studie met betrekking tot die raakpunte tussen die sielkunde en letterkunde is ook van waarde aangesien dit blyk dat daar al meer deur akademici op interdissiplinêre wyse gewerk word. So kan daar byvoorbeeld ook na die konsep van konseptuele versmelting gekyk word aangesien dit duidelik is dat Venter se romans ʼn eiesoortige gelaagdheid van konsepte bevat wat mekaar beïnvloed en vorm. Die studie is verder ʼn voorbeeld van hoe daar eerder op die teksinterne gegewens gefokus kan word met behulp van ʼn benadering vanuit ʼn ander wetenskap en hoe empiriese studies oor sosiologiese en psigologiese verskynsels nie noodwendig uitgevoer hoef te word om die waarde van die konsepte binne daardie dissiplines waar te neem nie. Met betrekking tot Eben Venter se romanoeuvre is daar nog vele aspekte wat ondersoek kan word en is die rame en skripte in hierdie studie slegs die oortjies van die seekoei van akademiese literatuur oor die kognitiewe narratologie as benadering tot die letterkunde.

BRONNELYS

Abelson, R.P. 1981. Psychological status of the script concept. American psychologist, 36(7):715-729.

Aucamp, J.M. 2010. Die Nasionale Party van Suid-Afrika se laaste dekade as regerende party, 1984 – 1994. Bloemfontein: Universiteit van die Vrystaat. (Proefskrif – PhD).

Barry, P. 2009. Beginning theory: an introduction to literary and cultural theory. 3rd ed. Manchester: Manchester University Press.

Behnke, C. & Meuser, M. 2001. Gender and habitus: fundamental securities and crisis

tendencies among men. (In Baron, B. & Kotthoff, H., eds. Gender in interaction: perspectives on femininity and masculinity in ethnography and discourse. Amsterdam: John Benjamin Publishers. p. 153-173).

Bobrow, D.G. & Collins, A. 1975. Representation and understanding: studies in cognitive science. New York: Academic Press.

Bourdieu, P. 1977. Outline of a theory of practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Britz, E. 1999. Skryf is Venter se passie. Die Volksblad: 8, 26 Jul.

Brown, G. & Yule, G. 1983. Discourse analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Burger, K. 1996. Skryf van doodsroman was terapeuties. Beeld: x, 13 Des.

Burger, W. 1997. ‘Ek stamel ek sterwe’. Beeld: 12, 17 Feb.

Burger, W. 1999. ‘My simpatie’ bevestig Venter as fyn stilis. Beeld: 7, 30 Aug.

Clatterbaugh, K. 1990. Contemporary perspectives on masculinity: men, women, and politics in modern society. 2nd ed. Oxford: Westview Press.

Coertzen, F. s.a. ʼn Ondersoek na toleransie en die abjeksie in Santa Gamka (Eben Venter) en Een schitterend gebrek (Arthur Japin). (Ongepubliseerde verhandeling – MA).

Connell, R.W. 1994. Masculinities. Cambridge: Polity.

Connell, R.W. 2001. Masculinities and men’s health. (In Baron, B. & Kotthoff, H., eds.

Gender in interaction: perspectives on femininity and masculinity in ethnography and discourse. Amsterdam: John Benjamin Publishers. p. 139-152).

Crous, M.L. 2005. Presentations of masculinity in a selection of male-authored post-Apartheid novels. Stellenbosch: University of Stellenbosch. (Thesis - MA).

Crous, M. 2012. Eben Venter as gewete van die vleiseters. Tydskrif vir literatuurwetenskap, 28(1):69-79.

Dido, E.K.M. 2010. Venter se ‘Santa Gamka’ is ʼn juweel. Beeld: 16, 13 Des.

Du Pisani, K. 2001. Puritanism transformed: Afrikaner masculinities in the apartheid and post- apartheid period. (In Morrell, R., ed. Changing men in Southern Africa. Pietermaritzburg: University of Natal Press. p. 157-176).

Du Plooy, H.J.G. 1984. Verhaalteorie in die twintigste eeu. Sintese en toepassing. Pretoria: Potchefstroomse Universiteit vir Christelike Hoër Onderwys. (Proefskrif – D.Litt.)

Emmott, C. 1989. Reading between the lines: building a comprehensive model of participant reference in real narrative. University of Birmingham. (Thesis – PHD).

Emmott, C. 1994. Frames of reference: contextual monitoring and narrative discourse. (In Coulthard, M. ed. Advances in written text analysis. London: Routledge. p. 157-166).

Emmott, C. & Alexander, M. 2011. Schemata. (In Hühn, P. et al. eds. The living handbook of narratology. Hamburg: Hamburg University Press. http://hup.sub.uni-

hamburg.de/lhn/index.php?title=Schemata&oldid=1075 Date of access: 10 Sep. 2010.).

Frosh, S., Phoenix, A. & Pattman, R. 2002. Young masculinities. Palgrave: Basingstoke.

Gerrig, R.J. & Egidi, G. 2003. Cognitive psychological foundations of narrative experiences. (In Herman, D. ed. Narrative theory and the cognitive sciences. Stanford: Center for the study of language and information. p. 33-55).

Gouws, T. 1993. Láát die stemme staan in ons ore. Insig: 4, Sep.

Grabe, I. 2007. Apokalips nou of later? Eben Venter se siening van die Suid-Afrikaanse samelewing in Horrelpoot. Tydskrif vir geesteswetenskappe: die verskynsel van geweld:

besinninge, analises, oplossings, 47(4):59-68.

Graesser, A.C., Singer, M. & Trabasso, T. 1994. Constructing inferences during narrative text comprehension. Psychological review, 101:371-95.

Hambidge, J. 2003. Venter se nuwe roman beïndruk. Volksblad: 7, 23 Jun.

Hambidge, J. 2006. Venter op sy beste in somber ‘Horrelpoot’. Burger: 11, 16 Okt.

Harris, I.M. 1995. Messages men hear: constructing masculinities. London: Taylor & Francis.

Harris, R. 2001. Saussure and his interpreters. New York: New York University Press.

Herman, D. 1997. Scripts, sequences, and stories: elements of a postclassical narratology.

PMLA, 12(5):1046-4059.

Herman, D. 2002. Scripts, sequences, and stories. (In Herman, D. Story logic: problems and possibilities of narrative. Lincoln: Nebraska University Press. p. 85-113).

Herman, D. 2002. Story logic: problems and possibilities of narrative. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.

Herman, D. 2003a. Narrative theory and the cognitive sciences. Stanford: Center for the study of language and information.

Herman, D. 2003b. Stories as a tool for thinking. (In Herman, D. ed. Narrative theory and the cognitive sciences. Stanford: Center for the study of language and information. p. 163-192).

Herman, D. 2013. Cognitive narratology (revised version). (In Hühn, P. et al., eds. The living handbook of narratology. Hamburg: Hamburg University Press. http://www.lhn.uni-

hamburg.de/article/cognitive-narratology-revised-version-uploaded-22-september-2013 Date of access: 1 Nov. 2013).

Heyns, M. 2007. Elemente van die groteske en karnavaleske in Foxtrot van die Vleiseters deur Eben Venter. Stellenbosch: Universiteit van Stellenbosch. (Verhandeling – MA).

Hopkins, D. 2008. Dada’s boys: masculinity after Duchamp. London: Yale University Press. Horn, A. 1996. Sê veel meer oor de dood as ooit voorheen in Afrikaans. Die Volksblad: 8, 18 Nov.

Human, T. 2009. ‘Santa Gamka’ – veel meer as net ‘tong-in-die-lies’. Rapport: 4, 22 Nov. Iser, W. 1974. The implied reader: patterns of communication in prose fiction from Bunyan to Beckett. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press.

Jahn, M. 1997. Frames, preferences, and the reading of third-person narratives: towards a cognitive narratology. Poetics today, 18(4):441-468.

Jahn, M. 1999. “Speak friend, and enter”: garden paths, artificial intelligence, and cognitive narratology. (In Herman, D. ed. Narratologies: new perspectives on narrative analysis. Columbus: Ohio State University Press. p. 167-194).

John, P. 2002. Vanaf die enigmatiese na die ongerieflike: die “gevaarlike kennis” van Eben Venter se Twaalf. Stilet: Tydskrif van die Afrikaanse Letterkundevereniging, 14(1):118-134.

Jooste, J. 2008. Professional men’s expressions of their masculine identity. Johannesburg: University of the Witwatersrand. (Research Report - MA).

Joubert, C.J. s.a. Die verhouding tussen ruimte en identiteit in Eben Venter se prosakuns: ballingskapliteratuur en die postkoloniale diskoers. (Ongepubliseerde proefskrif – DLitt).

Kannemeyer, J.C. 2005. Die Afrikaanse literatuur 1652-2004. Kaapstad: Human & Rousseau.

Kardela, H. & Kedra-Kardela, A. 2004. The virtuality of the text and the role of the reader. A cognitive analysis of Elizabeth Bowen’s short story “Oh, Madam…”. Zeitschrift für Angelistik

und Amerkanistik, 1,2:15-31.

Kimmel, M. 1996. Manhood in America: a cultural history. New York: Free Press.

Kuipers, B.J. 1975. A frame for frames: representing knowledge for recognition. (In Bobrow, D.G. & Collins, A. eds. Representation and understanding: studies in cognitive science. New York: Academic Press. p. 151-184).

La Vita, M. 2009. Eben vertel die storie van Lucky. Burger: 14, 24 Okt.

Lodge, D. 1999. Foreword. (In Lodge, D. & Wood, N. eds. Modern criticism and theory. 2nd ed. Essex: Longman. p. xi-xiv).

Mandler, J.M. 1984. Stories, scripts, and scenes: aspects of schema theory. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Marais, D. 2006a. Horrelpoot. Insig: 82, Des.

Marais, L. 2006b. Venter & Winterbach. Beeld: 12, 9 Des.

Margolin, U. 2003. Cognitive science, the thinking mind, and literary narrative. (In Herman, D.

Matlin, M.W. 2003. Cognition. 5th ed. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons.

McKoon, G. & Ratcliff, R. 1992. Inference during reading. Psychological review, 99:440-466.

Mercadal, D. 1990. A dictionary of artificial intelligence. New York: Van Nostrand.

Middleton, P. 1992. The inward gaze: masculinity and subjectivity in modern culture. New York: Routledge Chapman and Hall.

Minsky, M. 1974. A framework for representing knowledge. Massachusetts: Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Morrell, R. 1998. Of boys and men: masculinity and gender in South African studies. Journal

of Southern African studies, 24(4):605-630.

Morrell, R. 2001. Changing men in Southern Africa. Pietermaritzburg: University of Natal Press.

Nieuwoudt, S. 1999. Ek wil nie weer so intens skryf – Venter. Beeld: 6, 5 Aug. Nieuwoudt, S. 2003. Vir wittes gevlug, sê Eben Venter. Volksblad: 5, 12 Jul.

O’Neill, D. 1996. Pragmatics and the development of communicative ability. (In Green, D. ed. Cognitive science: an introduction. Oxford: Blackwell. p. 244-275).

Painter, D. 2006. “Mens kan mos skryf waaroor jy wil!”. Rapport: 4, 22 Okt. Palmer, A. 2004. Fictional minds. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.

Perry, M. 1979. Literary dynamics: how the order of a text creates its meanings. Poetics

today, 1-2: 35-64; 311-361.

Phelan, J. 2009. The narrative turn and the how of narrative inquiry. NARRATIVE, 17(1): 1-9.

Postma, M. & Slabbert, M.N. 2008. Memory, history and oblivion in Horrelpoot by Eben Venter.

Literator: journal of literary criticism, comparative linguistics and literary studies, 29(2):47-64,

Aug.

Reeser, T.W. 2010. Masculinities in theory: an introduction. West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell.

Rimmon-Kenan, S. 1994. Narrative fiction: contemporary poetics. London: Routledge. First published by Methuen, 1983.

Röth, J.F. 2011. Horrelpoot (2006) van Eben Venter as apokaliptiese roman: ʼn intertekstuele studie. Port Elizabeth: Nelson Mandela Metropolitaanse Universiteit. (Verhandeling – MA). Rumelhart, D.E. 1975. Notes on a schema for stories. (In Bobrow, D.G. & Collins, A. eds. Representation and understanding: studies in cognitive science. New York: Academic Press. p. 211-236).

Schank, R.C. & Abelson, R.P. 1975. Scripts, plans, and knowledge. (In Proceedings of the 4th international joint conference on artificial intelligence Vol. 1 (IJCAI'75). San Francisco, CA: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc. p. 151-157).

Schank, R.C. & Abelson, R.P. 1977a. Scripts, plans, and knowledge. (In Johnson-Laird, P.N. & Wason, P.C. eds. Thinking: readings in cognitive science. Cambridge: Cambridge

University Press. p. 421-432).

Schank, R.C. & Abelson, R.P. 1977b. Scripts, plans, goals, and understanding: an inquiry into human knowledge structures. Hillsdale: Erlbaum.

Schoeman, R. 2001. Skryf as terapie by twee vertellers uit ʼn postkoloniale bestel: ʼn

vergelykende studie van Een vlek op de rug deur J. van de Walle en Eben Venter se Foxtrot

van die Vleiseters. Stellenbosch: Universiteit van Stellenbosch. (Verhandeling – MA).

Segal, L. 1990. Slow motion: changing masculinities, changing men. Palgrave: Virago Press.

Seidler, V.J. 2006. Young men and masculinities: global cultures and intimate lives. London: Zed Books.

Steinmair, D. 2013. Venter ontgin konflik tussen gay seuns en pa’s.

http://www.volksblad.com/Vermaak/Nuus/Venter-ontgin-konflik-tussen-gay-seuns-en-pas- 20130205 Datum van gebruik: 26 Mrt. 2013.

Synnott, A. 2009. Re-thinking men: heroes, villains and victims. Surrey: Ashgate Publishing Limited.

Terblanche, E. 2007. Eben Venter (1954 -). http://www.litnet.co.za/Article/eben-venter-1954 Datum van gebruik: 11 Mei 2011.

Toerien, B.J. 2000. Eben Venter. My simpatie, Cerise. World literature today, 74(3):575.

Turner, M. & Fauconnier, G. 2002. The way we think. Conceptual blending and the mind's hidden complexities. New York: Basic Books.

Van Biljon, M. 1999. Só eroties dat mens kan kwyl daarvan. Insig: 52, Aug.

Van Coller, H.P. 2006. Die representasie van plaas en stad in die Afrikaanse prosa. Stilet, XVIII(1): 90-121.

Van Coller, H.P. 2007. Horrelpoot. Tydskrif vir letterkunde, 44(1):232-234.

Van der Merwe, C.N. & Viljoen, H.M. 2008. Alkant Olifant: ʼn inleiding tot die literatuurwetenskap. Pretoria: Van Schaik Uitgewers.

Van der Watt, J.S. 2007. Images of men and masculinities within cultural contexts: a pastoral assessment. Stellenbosch: University of Stellenbosch. (Dissertation – PhD).

Van Schalkwyk, P.L. 2009. ‘Against extremity’: Eben Venter’s Horrelpoot (2006) and the quest for tolerance. Critical arts, 23(1):84-105, Jul.

Van Schalkwyk, P.L. 2011. Homo sacer: Uitsondering en relasie in Eben Venter se Santa

Gamka (2009). Stilet, 23(2):203-217.

Van Schalkwyk, P.L. 2013. The aid of rhetoric of AIDS: Eben Venter’s. (In Viljoen, H., ed. Crossing borders, dissolving boundaries. Amsterdam: Rodopi. p. 229-250).

Van Zyl, J. 1999. Eben wil nou vanuit ander se binnekamers skryf. Die Burger: 9, 23 Jul.

Van Zyl, J. 2009. Eben Venter se rent boy van die Karoo. Rapport: 4, 1 Nov.

Venter, E. 1993. Foxtrot van die Vleiseters. Kaapstad: Tafelberg-Uitgewers.

Venter, E. 1999. My simpatie, Cerise. Kaapstad: Queillerie-Uitgewers.

Venter, E. 2003. Begeerte. Kaapstad: Tafelberg-Uitgewers.

Venter, E. 2005. Ek stamel ek sterwe. Kaapstad: Tafelberg-Uitgewers.

Venter, E. 2006. Horrelpoot. Kaapstad: Tafelberg-Uitgewers.

Venter, E. 2009. Santa Gamka. Kaapstad: Tafelberg NB-Uitgewers.

Venter, E. 2013. Wolf, Wolf. Kaapstad: Tafelberg.

Viljoen, L. 1999. Intieme waarhede oor menswees spring na vore. Die Volksblad: 8, 30 Aug.

Visagie, A.G. 2009. Horrelpoot (2006) van Eben Venter: ʼn Verkenning van die grense tussen utopie en distopie. Stilet, 21(2):52-68.

Walker, L. 2005. Men behaving differently: South African men since 1994. Culture, health &

sexuality, 7(3):225-238.

Wasserman, H. 1996. Venter het ‘Sarie Marais’ in sy kop en die FAK in die laai. Die Burger: 4, 30 Nov.

Woods, W. 1975. Scripts. (In Bobrow, D.G. & Collins, A. eds. Representation and understanding: studies in cognitive science. New York: Academic Press. p. 36-68).

Xaba, T. 2001. Masculinity and its malcontents: the confrontation between ‘struggle

masculinity’ and ‘post-struggle Masculinity’ (1990-1997). (In Morelli, R. ed. Changing men in Southern Africa. London: Zed Books. p. 105-124).

Zwaan, R.A., Langston, M.C. & Graesser, A.C. 1995. The construction of situation models in narrative comprehension: an event-indexing model. Psychological science, 6:292-297.

Zwaan, R.A. & Radvansky, G.A. 1998. Situation models in language comprehension and memory. Psychological bulletin, 123: 162-185.