• No results found

4 Empirisch onderzoek

5.3 Aanbevelingen toekomstig onderzoek

Dit onderzoek bestond uit "slechts" 20 beursgenoteerde familiebedrijven en 20 gekoppelde beursgenoteerde niet familiebedrijven. Het is dan ook aan te bevelen de bevindingen van dit onderzoek verder te onderbouwen met aanvullend onderzoek.

Er is nog relatief weinig onderzoek gedaan naar de vraag of er een verschil is in winstmanipulatie tussen beursgenoteerde familiebedrijven en beursgenoteerde niet familiebedrijven. Het is dan ook interessant om met een onderzoek een vergelijking te kunnen maken tussen de situatie in landen met verschillende verhoudingen in

omgevingsfactoren, zoals bijvoorbeeld de aandeelhoudersbescherming. Om te onderzoeken of de theorieën die er zijn over winststuring bij familiebedrijven overeenkomen met de empirische bewijzen.

Referenties:

Ali, A., Chen, T., Radhakrishnan, S., 2007. Corporate Disclosures by Family Firms. Journal of Accounting and Economics 44, pp 238 – 286.

Amit, R., and Villalonga, B., (2006) How do family ownership, control and management affect firm value?, Journal of Financial Economics 80 pp 385- 417

Andres, C. (2008) Large shareholders and firm performance – an empirical examination of founding family ownership. Journal of Corporate Finance 14, pp 431–445.

Anderson, R.C., and D.M. Reeb. (2003) Founding-Family Ownership and Firm Performance: Evidence from the S&P 500, The journal of Financial Economics 68 , pp 1301-1328

Anderson, R.C., Mansi, S.A. and Reeb, D.M. (2003a) Founding family ownership and the agency cost of debt. Journal of Financial Economics 68: pp. 263–285.

Anderson, R.C., Reeb, D.M., 2004. Board Composition: Balancing Family Influence in S&P 500 Firms. Administrative Science Quaterly 49, pp 209 – 237.

Ball, R.; A Robin; AND J. S.Wu. (2003) “Incentives Versus Standards: Properties of Accounting Income in Four East Asian Countries.” Journal of Accounting & Economics 36 pp 235–70.

Ball, R., AND L. Shivakumar. (2005) “Earnings Quality in U.K. Private Firms: Comparative Loss Recognition.” Journal of Accounting & Economics 38 pp 83–128.

Ball, R. (2006) International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS): pros and cons for investors, Accounting and Business Research, International Accounting Policy Forum, pp. 5–27.

Bauwhede, van der H., (2003) Winstmanagement en kapitaalmarkten: een overzicht van de academische literatuur. Maandblad voor Accountancy en Bedrijfseconomie. 5 pp 198 -205.

Beatty, A., Harris, D.G. (1998), The effect of taxes, agency costs and information asymmetry on earnings management: A comparison of public and private firms, Review of Accounting Studies, Vol. 4, No. 3-4, pp. 299-362.

Bebchuk, L.A., Kraakman, R. and Triantis, G. (2000) Stock pyramids, cross-ownership and dual class equity: the mechanisms and agency costs of separating control from cash-flow rights. In R. Morck (ed.), Concentrated Corporate Ownership. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. pp. 445–460

Beest, van F. 2008, Kwaliteit jaarverslagen na invoering IFRS niet altijd verbeterd: Invoering IFRS leidt tot meer winststuring, Accountancy Nieuws 28.

Bhaumik, S.H., Gregoriou, A., (2010) 'Family' ownership, tunneling and earnings management: A review of the literature, Journal of economic surveys, Vol 24., No 4., pp 705-730

Burgstahler, D., Dichev, I. (1997), Earnings management to avoid earnings decreases and losses, Journal of Accounting and Economics, Vol. 24, pp. 99-126.

Burgstahler, D., Hail, L., Leuz, C. (2006), The importance of reporting incentives: Earnings management in European private and public firms, The Accounting Review, Vol. 81, No. 5 pp. 983-1016.

Callao, S., Jarne, J.I., Have IFRS Affected Earnings Management in the European Union? Accouting in Europe Vol 7, No 2, pp 159-189

Capkun, V., Cazavan-Jeny, A., Jeanjean, T., Weiss, L.A., 2007, Transition to IFRS: Value Relevance and Earnings Management

Christie, A. A. & Zimmerman, J. (1994), “Efficient and opportunistic choice of accounting procedures: corporate control contests”. The Accounting Review, No 69, pp 539-566.

Davis, J.H., Allen, M.R., Hayes, H.D., (2010). Is Blood Thicker Than Water? A Study of Stewardship Perceptions in Family Business. Entrepreneurship: Theory & Practice 6: 1043-1182

DeAngelo, H. and DeAngelo, L. (1985) Managerial ownership of voting rights: a study of public corporations with dual class of common stock. Journal of Financial Economics 14: 33–69.

Dechow, P.M., Sloan, R.G., Sweeney, A.P. (1995), Detecting earnings management. The Accounting Review, Vol. 70, No. 2, pp. 193-225.

DeFond, M. and Jiambalvo, J. (1994). 'Debt covenant violation and manipulation of accruals'. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 17 pp 145-176.

DeFond, M.L., Park, C.W. (2001), The reversal of abnormal accruals and the market valuation of earnings surprises, The Accounting Review, Vol. 76, No. 3, pp. 375-404.

Demski, J., Sappington, D.E.M., (1987) Delegate expertise. Journal of accounting reasearch. pp 68-89.

Dorsman, A.B., Langendijk, H.P.A.J., van Praag, B., (2003) ‘’The association between qualitative management earnings forecasts and discretionary accounting in The Netherlands’’, The European Journal of Finance‟‟, vol. 9, pp 19-40.

Elliot, J.A., Hanna, J.D., (1996) Repeated accounting write-off and the information content of earnings. Journal of accounting reseach. pp 135-169

Faccio, M., Lang, L.H.P., (2002) The ultimate ownership of Western European corporations. Journal of Financial Economics 65 , pp 365–395.

Fan, J. and Wong, T. (2002). Corporate ownership structure and the informativeness of accounting earnings in East Asia, Journal of Accounting and Economics, 33(3), pp. 401-425

Flören, R.H., (2002). Crown Princes in the Clay: An Empirical Study on Tackling of Succession Challenges in Dutch Family Farms. Proefschrift Universiteit van Nyenrode, Breukelen.

Francis, J., Schipper, K., Vincent L. (2005) “Earnings and Dividends Informativeness When Cash Flow Rights Are Separated from Voting Rights.” Journal of Accounting&Economics 39 pp 329–60.

Francis, J.R., Yu, M.D., (2009) The Effect of Big Four Office Size on Audit Quality. The Accounting Review 84 NO 5 pp 1521-1552.

Hanna, J.D., (1999) Never say Never. CA Magazine. pp 35-39

Healy, P.M., (1985) ‘’The effect of bonus schemes on accounting decisions’’, Journal of Accounting and Economics, p. 85-107.

Healy, P.M., Wahlen, J.M,. (1998) A review of the earnings management literature and it's implications for standart setting.

Healy P.M., (1999), A review of the earnings management literature and its implications for standard setting, Accounting horizons, december 1999, pagina 365-383.

Holmen, M. and Hogfeldt, P. (2005) Pyramidal discounts: tunnelling or agency costs? Finance Working Paper No. 73/2005, European Corporate Governance Institute.

Jeanjean T., and H. Stolowy (2008), Do accounting standards matter? An exploratory analysis of earnings management before and after IFRS adoption, Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 27(6): 480-494.

Jiraporn, P. (2005) An Empirical Analysis of Corporate Takeover Defenses and Earnings Management Evidence form the U.S. Applied Financial Economics, Vol 15, No 5, pp 293-303

Jiraporn, P. and DaDalt, P.J. (2009). Does founding family control affect earnings management? Applied Economics Letters 16: 2, pp. 113-119

Jones, J. (1991), Earnings management during import relief investigations, Journal of accounting research, vol. 29 no2 Autumn 1991, pp 193-228.

Klein, A. (2002) “Audit Committee, Board of Director Characteristics, and Earnings Management.”Journal of Accounting & Economics 33 pp 375–400.

La Porta, R., López De Silanes, F., Shleifer, A., (1999) Corporate ownership around the world. Journal of Finance 54 , pp 471–517.

Maijoor, S.J., Vanstraelen, A. (2006), Earnings management within Europe: the effects of member state audit environment, audit firm quality and international capital markets, Accounting and Business Research, Vol. 36, No. 1, pp. 33-52

Mandl, I. (2008). Overview of Family Business Relevant Issues, Final Report. Austrian Institute for SME Research, Vienna.

McVey, H., Draho, J., Stanley, M. (2005). U.S. Family-run Companies – They May Be Better Than You Think. Journal of Applied Corporate Finance 4: pp 134-143.

Myers, J.N., Myers, L.A. en Omer, T.C. (2002), Exploring the term of the auditor-client relationship and the quality of earnings: A case for mandatory auditor rotation?, The Accounting Review, Vol. 3, pp. 779-796. Morck, R., Shleifer, A. and Vishny, R. (1988) Management ownership and market valuation: an empirical analysis. Journal of Financial Economics 20: 293–315.

Morck, R., Stangeland, D.A. and Yeung, B. (1998) Inherited wealth, corporate control and economic growth: the Canadian disease. Working Paper No. 6814, National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA. Onbekend. (1996) “In Praise of the Family Firm.” The Economist 338/7956 pp 16.

Per´ez-Gonzal´ez, F. (2006) Inherited control and firm performance. American Economic Review 96(5): pp 1559–1588.

Schipper, K. (1989), Commentary on earnings management, Accounting horizons, pagina 91-102.

Shakar, M.C., Astrachan, J.H. (1996) Myths and Realities: Family Businesses' Contribution to the US Economy. A Framework for Assessing Family Business Statistics. Familie business review 1996 vol. 9 no. 2: pp 107-123 Shleifer, A. and Vishny, R.W. (1997) A survey of corporate governance. Journal of

Finance 52: 737–783.

Sraer, D., Thesmar, D. (2007). Performance and behavior of family firms: Evidence from the French stockmarket. Journal of the European Economic Association 4: 709-751.

Stocken, P.C., Verrechia, R.E., (2004) Financial reporting system choice and disclosure management. The accounting review. pp 1181-1203.

Subramanyam, K.R., (1996) The pricing of discretionary accruals. Journal of accounting and economics. pp 249-281

Vander Bauwhede, H., (2003) Resultaatsturing en kapitaalmarkten: een overzicht van de academische literatuur. Maandblad voor accountancy en bedrijfseconomie, Vol. 5 p. 96-104.

Warfield, T. D., Wild J.J., Wild K.L. (1995) “Managerial Ownership, Accounting Choices, and Informativeness of Earnings.” Journal of Accounting & Economics 20 pp 61–92.

Watts, R.L., Zimmerman, J.L., (1990) ‘’Positive accounting theory: A ten year perspective’’, The Accounting Review, vol. 65, nr. 1, p. 131-156.

Wang, D. (2006). Founding family ownership and earnings quality, Journal of Accounting Research, Vol. 44, No. 3, pp. 619-656

Weber J., Lavalle J., Lowry T., Zellner W., Barrrent A. (2003) “Family, Inc.” BusinessWeek pp 100–114. Xie, H. (2001) The mispricing of Abnormal accruals. The accounting review. pp 357-373

Boek:

Keller, G (2009).Managerial Statitics. South-Western Cengage Learning. Mason.

Kurtzman, j., Yago, G. (2009) Opacity index 2009, Measuring Global Risk. Milken Institute.

Ronen, J., Yaari, V. (2008) Earnings Management Emerging Insights in Theory, Practice, and Research. Springer Science + Business Media