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University of Groningen Cellular stress response during hepatitis C virus infection Rios Ocampo, Wilson

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University of Groningen

Cellular stress response during hepatitis C virus infection

Rios Ocampo, Wilson

IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from it. Please check the document version below.

Document Version

Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record

Publication date: 2018

Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research database

Citation for published version (APA):

Rios Ocampo, W. (2018). Cellular stress response during hepatitis C virus infection: a balancing act between viral persistence and host cell survival. Rijksuniversiteit Groningen.

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Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons the number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum.

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English short abstract

Dutch short abstract

Author affiliations

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Appendices

158

Research summary

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a virus that infects hepatocytes, the parenchymal liver cells. HCV infection causes acute and chronic liver disease and is associated with cirrhosis and development of liver cancer. Approximately 80 million people worldwide are infected with HCV and 400,000 individuals die each year due the infection. In recent years our understanding of HCV has improved significantly and it is expected that in 2030 HCV infections will be eliminated. Despite advances in antiviral drug treatment and knowledge on HCV, there are still important challenges to be addressed such as the development of an effective vaccine and unraveling virus-host interactions.

During natural HCV infection, hepatocytes have to deal with: 1) HCV replication and expression of viral proteins and 2) with the host antiviral immune response. To deal simultaneously with multiple stresses, the hepatocytes require adaptive responses. The major stresses resulting from viral infection and replication are oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Indeed, some of the viral proteins, in particular the proteins Core, NS3/4A and NS5A are strong pro-oxidants.

In this thesis, we focus on the adaptation of hepatocytes to cellular stress induced by HCV virus proteins Core, NS3/4A and NS5A. Furthermore, we have also investigated the interaction between infected and stressed hepatocytes on hepatic stellate cells, the principal cell type involved in liver fibrosis. Finally, we speculate whether the adaptive response to cellular stress in hepatocytes plays a major role in the control of HCV infection and therefore could be a target for therapeutic intervention.

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Author affiliations

Samenvatting

Het Hepatitis C virus is een virus dat hepatocyten, de functionele levercellen, infecteert. Deze infectie leidt tot acute en/of chronische hepatitis (leverontsteking) en kan uiteindelijk leiden tot leverfibrose en leverkanker. Wereldwijd zijn ongeveer 80 miljoen mensen geïnfecteerd met het virus en dit resulteert jaarlijks in 400.000 sterfgevallen. Onze kennis over het virus is in de laatste decennia belangrijk toegenomen en ook zijn goede antivirale middelen ontwikkelt. Deze zijn echter niet overal in gelijke mate beschikbaar. Ondanks deze vooruitgang blijven er nog belangrijke vragen onbeantwoord, met name wat betreft de interactie tussen virus en gastheercel (de hepatocyt).

Wanneer hepatocyten worden geïnfecteerd door het HCV worden zij blootgesteld aan zowel de stress van virusvermenigvuldiging als de immuunrespons van de gastheer tegen het virus. Deze gelijktijdige blootstelling aan meerdere stressoren leidt er toe dat de geïnfecteerde hepatocyt zich aanpast om deze stressoren het hoofd te bieden.

Het onderzoek beschreven in dit proefschrift richt zich op deze adaptieve mechanismen. De belangrijkste stressoren tijdens virale infectie in de hepatocyt zijn oxidatieve stress en endoplasmatisch reticulum stress (ER stress). In dit proefschrift beschrijven wij een celkweekmodel waarin hepatocyten tegelijkertijd worden blootgesteld aan meerdere stressoren (ER stress en oxidatieve stress) en bestuderen wij de adaptatie van hepatocyten aan deze stressoren. Wij hebben onder anderen kunnen aantonen dat hepatocyten specifiek bepaalde virale eiwitten afbreken om de stress van virusreplicatie tegen te gaan. Deze studies dragen bij aan ons begrip van virus-gastheer interacties en kunnen op termijn leiden tot nieuwe, therapeutische interventies.

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Dutch short abstract

160

Author filiations

Wilson Alfredo Rios-Ocampo1, 2, 3

María Cristina Navas3 Manon Buist-Homan1,4 Klaas Nico Faber1 Toos Daemen2 Han Moshage1

1 Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen,

University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.

2 Department Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University

Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.

3 Grupo Gastrohepatología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia,

Medellin, Colombia.

4 University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department

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