APPENDIX A – SCORES ON THE “SUBSTITUTES FOR
LEADERSHIP”
TABLE A1
The Mean, Standard Deviation of the Situational Characteristic Derived from the Substitutes for
Leadership Theory and the Amount of Respondents
N Mean Std. Deviation
Advisory and staff support 20 3.63 .52
Organizational rewards not within the leader's control 19 3.61 .90
Need for independence 20 3.58 .77
Intrinsically satisfying tasks 19 3.53 .66
Professionalism 20 3.40 .57
Spatial distance between superior and subordinate 20 3.39 .88
Indifference towards organizational rewards 20 3.36 .86
Closely knit, cohesive, interdependent work groups 20 3.26 .99
Task-provided feedback concerning accomplishment 20 3.14 .77
Ability, experience, training and knowledge 20 3.10 .57
Organizational inflexibility 20 2.63 .88
Organizational formalization 20 2.38 .91