University of Groningen
Tongue coating
Seerangaiyan, Kavitha
IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from it. Please check the document version below.
Document Version
Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record
Publication date: 2018
Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research database
Citation for published version (APA):
Seerangaiyan, K. (2018). Tongue coating: It’s impact on intra-oral halitosis and taste. Rijksuniversiteit Groningen.
Copyright
Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons).
Take-down policy
If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim.
Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons the number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum.
100
aangetoond dat bacteriën in geval van ademgeur, vluchtige zwavelcomponenten produceren. De microbiële compositie van de tong in geval van halitose is echter nog steeds niet geheel bekend. In hoofdstuk 3 wordt de microbiële samenstelling van tongbeslag van personen met en zonder IOH beschreven door middel van 16s amplificatie-sequencing van de hypervariabele regio V3-V4. Er werden 7 phyla, 27 genera en 825 soorten geïdentificeerd. Dit onderzoek liet zien dat de bacteriële samenstelling van tongbeslag van personen met IOH grotendeels overeenkomt met die van de gezonde controlegroep zonder IOH. Slechts een klein aantal bacteriën was groter in aantal in de IOH groep. Bacteriën in het ecosysteem in IOH kunnen zich dus goed aanpassen. Op basis van dit onderzoek werd de hypothese geformuleerd dat een veranderd metabolisme van de bacteriën in het tongbeslag een rol spelen in het ontstaan van IOH.
Het doel van hoofdstuk 4 was het metabole profiel (metaboloom) van tongbeslag van de IOH groep te vergelijken met de gezonde controle groep door gebruik te maken van Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LCMS). Dit onderzoek liet duidelijke verschillen zien in het metabole profiel (metaboloom) van tongbeslag bij IOH; 39 metabolieten in IOH verschilden significant van de gezonde controles. Dit is de eerste studie die het mechanisme van tongbeslagvorming en het ontstaan van halitose verbind met het bacteriële metaboloom. Er werden o.a. verschillen gevonden in de productie van de zgn. ‘branched chain fatty aid’ (BCFA) en ook werd het metabolisme van zwavelgasvorming duidelijk zichtbaar.
Van de 39 metabolieten waren de BCFA het meest aanwezig in IOH. Daarnaast waren de metabolieten 3-fumaryl pyruvaat and acetyl fosfaat meer aanwezig in IOH. BCFA hebben een aantal belangrijke eigenschappen: i) BCFA fermenteren voedsel waarbij een vieze geur vrijkomt. BCFA kunnen voedseldeeltjes in het tongbeslag fermenteren en zodoende ademgeur veroorzaken. ii) het witte beslag wat gezien wordt op pasgeboren baby’s bestaat uit BCFA en deze kunnen mogelijk bijdragen aan de vorming en vermeerdering van tongbeslag in IOH. iii) BCFA kunnen worden gevormd door bacteriën zoals Clostridiales. Een andere belangrijke bevinding van dit hoofdstuk is dat de metabolieten 3-fumaryl pyruvaat en acetyl fosfaat een duidelijke associatie hebben met waterstof sulfide (H2S) productie
en de anaërobe fermentatie. De tong bevat smaakpapillen en tongbeslag blokkeert direct het contact van het voedsel met deze papillen. Het reinigen van de tong kan dus een impact hebben op het gebied van smaak. In hoofdstuk 5 werd het effect van het verwijderen van tongbeslag op de smaak van zout bestudeerd. Mechanische verwijdering van tongbeslag stimuleerde het smaakorgaan en verhoogde de smaakperceptie van zout, wat een mogelijk voordeel op zou kunnen leveren voor de algemene gezondheid. Daarom zou mechanische tongreiniging deel uit moeten maken van de dagelijkse mondhygiëne.
101
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Kavitha Seerangaiyan
102
I would like to convey my gratefulness to the University of Groningen, The center for dentistry and oral hygiene (CTM), which provided me the great opportunity to work in this university. I thank Prof. dr. Jan Dirk van Elsas from the RUG university who first let me know about the dental research in CTM and motivated me to join in CTM. The first and foremost person to acknowledge is Prof. dr. Frank Abbas, who invited me for this PhD position.
Frank, a man of smile who always greeted me with his great smile all these years. I am very thankful to Prof. dr. Edwin G Winkel who gave me this great opportunity to work in the field of halitosis. My special thanks to Prof. dr. Arie Jan van Winkelhoff, Dr. Frits Juch and dr. Albert Tangerman for considering me a suitable candidate to handle this project. The skills and knowledge that I have gained during my PhD is of great value in my future career development.
My first promoter, Prof. dr. Edwin Winkel, I think Edwin is always a man of positive thoughts. I remember, he always believed that I would able to finish this project successfully from the day one of my PhD work. His great support and positive attitude was always a positive energy for me to work on this project. Also, he had given me a lot of freedom in thinking and carrying out this project. Thank you so much Edwin. My second Promoter Prof. dr. ArieJan van Winkelhoff, I would say Arie Jan is a great motivator. I still remember his words “When there is motivation, nothing is impossible’’. These words motivated me a lot to learn the omics approaches, which is of a great platform in my future research career development. I specially thank Arie Jan for his endless support in scientific writing. I thank my co-promoter dr. Frits Juch, a friendly person, for all the scientific discussion and great support. My special thanks to the reading committee members Prof. dr. Arjan Vissink, Prof. dr. Cees de Baat and Prof. dr. Henny van der Mei for approving my thesis.
I would like to acknowledge dr. Alina Kunnen and dr. Yuvonne de Waal from the periodontology department who always welcomed and answered when I had questions. I thank dr. Geerten Has Tjakkes, my ex-roomie for helping me with the dutch translation. I thank Zadrach form the Oral microbiology lab, for helping me with the laboratory things and for your great support in my taste study.
My special thanks to Menke de Smit, who is a good friend, also my paranymph. I really enjoyed our coffee time in the cafeteria and thanks a lot for all your help in my PhD endeavors. I hope our journey is endless.
The secretary of CTM- Tiny, Petra, Teakste, Tineke and Jacqueline - Thanks for helping me with all the official works. My special thanks to Jacqueline for helping me with the ICT formalities even though I was away from CTM.
I thank the team members, specially the staff members of the Clinic for Periodontology Amsterdam for helping me with the sample collection of my studies.
103
Also, my special thanks to Marjan van Dijk, who helped me a lot in sample collection.
I thank all my family members for their endless support. The man behind my success is Mukil (my husband), who taught me the very basic things of research with lot of patience and love. Without him I am nowhere in this research career. Aaradhana, my daughter, a wonderful gift of God, tolerated me a lot when I was not there for her when she needed me. I thank my mom and dad for allowing me to explore my life path in my way. I am very grateful to my mom and granny’s who always had a great confidence that I will achieve something great. I thank my sister (Siva, Mani) and brother (Karthi) for their enormous love and support in my life.
My journey in Groningen wouldn’t be pleasant without our friends Kavitha, Vinod, Lalitha, Mohan, Nithya, Ranji, Veera and Nila&Cos. Our weekend parties are always a memorable event of Groningen. My special thanks to Lalitha who took care of Aaradhana when we both were busy. The other interesting persons are my sweet brothers Manoj and Vijay. You both made us to feel we are in our home (India) and specially Vijay’s pomegranate juice when I was pregnant.
For sure I miss Groningen a lot and the department of periodontology.
102
I would like to convey my gratefulness to the University of Groningen, The center for dentistry and oral hygiene (CTM), which provided me the great opportunity to work in this university. I thank Prof. dr. Jan Dirk van Elsas from the RUG university who first let me know about the dental research in CTM and motivated me to join in CTM. The first and foremost person to acknowledge is Prof. dr. Frank Abbas, who invited me for this PhD position.
Frank, a man of smile who always greeted me with his great smile all these years. I am very thankful to Prof. dr. Edwin G Winkel who gave me this great opportunity to work in the field of halitosis. My special thanks to Prof. dr. Arie Jan van Winkelhoff, Dr. Frits Juch and dr. Albert Tangerman for considering me a suitable candidate to handle this project. The skills and knowledge that I have gained during my PhD is of great value in my future career development.
My first promoter, Prof. dr. Edwin Winkel, I think Edwin is always a man of positive thoughts. I remember, he always believed that I would able to finish this project successfully from the day one of my PhD work. His great support and positive attitude was always a positive energy for me to work on this project. Also, he had given me a lot of freedom in thinking and carrying out this project. Thank you so much Edwin. My second Promoter Prof. dr. ArieJan van Winkelhoff, I would say Arie Jan is a great motivator. I still remember his words “When there is motivation, nothing is impossible’’. These words motivated me a lot to learn the omics approaches, which is of a great platform in my future research career development. I specially thank Arie Jan for his endless support in scientific writing. I thank my co-promoter dr. Frits Juch, a friendly person, for all the scientific discussion and great support. My special thanks to the reading committee members Prof. dr. Arjan Vissink, Prof. dr. Cees de Baat and Prof. dr. Henny van der Mei for approving my thesis.
I would like to acknowledge dr. Alina Kunnen and dr. Yuvonne de Waal from the periodontology department who always welcomed and answered when I had questions. I thank dr. Geerten Has Tjakkes, my ex-roomie for helping me with the dutch translation. I thank Zadrach form the Oral microbiology lab, for helping me with the laboratory things and for your great support in my taste study.
My special thanks to Menke de Smit, who is a good friend, also my paranymph. I really enjoyed our coffee time in the cafeteria and thanks a lot for all your help in my PhD endeavors. I hope our journey is endless.
The secretary of CTM- Tiny, Petra, Teakste, Tineke and Jacqueline - Thanks for helping me with all the official works. My special thanks to Jacqueline for helping me with the ICT formalities even though I was away from CTM.
I thank the team members, specially the staff members of the Clinic for Periodontology Amsterdam for helping me with the sample collection of my studies.
103
Also, my special thanks to Marjan van Dijk, who helped me a lot in sample collection.
I thank all my family members for their endless support. The man behind my success is Mukil (my husband), who taught me the very basic things of research with lot of patience and love. Without him I am nowhere in this research career. Aaradhana, my daughter, a wonderful gift of God, tolerated me a lot when I was not there for her when she needed me. I thank my mom and dad for allowing me to explore my life path in my way. I am very grateful to my mom and granny’s who always had a great confidence that I will achieve something great. I thank my sister (Siva, Mani) and brother (Karthi) for their enormous love and support in my life.
My journey in Groningen wouldn’t be pleasant without our friends Kavitha, Vinod, Lalitha, Mohan, Nithya, Ranji, Veera and Nila&Cos. Our weekend parties are always a memorable event of Groningen. My special thanks to Lalitha who took care of Aaradhana when we both were busy. The other interesting persons are my sweet brothers Manoj and Vijay. You both made us to feel we are in our home (India) and specially Vijay’s pomegranate juice when I was pregnant.
For sure I miss Groningen a lot and the department of periodontology.
