University of Groningen
Desert Related Traditional Knowledge, Policies and Management in Wadi Allaqi, South
Eastern Desert, Egypt
Abdou Kandal, Hanaa Ali Hassan
DOI:
10.33612/diss.149297572
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Publication date: 2020
Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research database
Citation for published version (APA):
Abdou Kandal, H. A. H. (2020). Desert Related Traditional Knowledge, Policies and Management in Wadi Allaqi, South Eastern Desert, Egypt. University of Groningen. https://doi.org/10.33612/diss.149297572
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Propositions
1) Species knowledge is an accurate indicator of decrease in landscape related traditional knowledge (TK).
(Chapter 3 and 4 of this thesis).
2) Particularly younger Bedouin people in Wadi Allaqi show a loss in landscape related traditional knowledge, due to the huge socio-economic changes that have happened in the last 50 years in this area.
(Chapter 3 and 4 of this thesis).
3) The development of new environmental and agricultural knowledge with regard to the use of aquatic species for animal feed in addition to traditional pastoralism by Wadi Allaqi Bedouin may be seen as an example of community resilience, especially where the combination of preserving some knowledge domains and developing new ones fits to this concept.
(Chapter 4 of this thesis).
4) Although Egypt has accepted and ratified several conventions on implementation of traditional knowledge of the environment and sustainable development, implementation is hampered by a lack of concrete plans. A stronger role of traditional knowledge in regulation and law and measures to overcome bureaucratic, geographical and communicative barriers, taking into account the perspective of the Wadi Allaqi Bedouin community, may help to turn plans into action.
(Chapter 5 of this thesis).
5) Participation approaches are a helpful instrument within citizen science, also for conservation
and application of traditional knowledge in Wadi Allaqi. (Chapter 6 of this thesis).
6) Traditional knowledge faces a lack of respect and appreciation, is not well documented as it mainly transfers among generations orally, and lacks protection. Thus traditional knowledge could be included in the statement of Gro Harlem Brundtland “The library of life is burning, and we don’t even know the titles of the books” (First Trondheim conference on biological diversity, 1993). 7) Women are often the main educators and transmitters of traditional knowledge. However, the essential role of women in sustainable resource management processes, in the maintenance and promotion of biodiversity, and in the transmission of knowledge and culture has not been widely recognized and asks for more support to document and protect their roles.
8) Traditional knowledge holders provide their precious and valuable knowledge for free and rarely receive compensation. There are also only a few safeguards to protect traditional knowledge holders against misuse of their knowledge. There should be developed a mechanism
in place for give-and-take between the knowledge provider and knowledge gainer, like the CBD convention 1992 that aims for a fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising out of the utilization of genetic resources.
9) To date, many countries lack a stand-alone legislation and policy protecting with regard to traditional knowledge. In spite of that there are laws and policies that relate to its protection. A National Intellectual Property Policy introduced by some governments (including that of Egypt) and recognition of laws of Intellectual Property may provide a framework for the protection, use, and development of traditional knowledge in these countries.
10) As a consequence of the construction of the Aswan Dam, Lake Nasser was formed on the lands of Old Nubia which led to resettlement of its people and still forms a threat to the persistence of culture and style of living of the Nubian community.
