Individual behavioural patterns and neural underpinnings of verb processing in aphasia
Akinina, Yulia
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10.33612/diss.136488344
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Publication date: 2020
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Akinina, Y. (2020). Individual behavioural patterns and neural underpinnings of verb processing in aphasia. https://doi.org/10.33612/diss.136488344
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Dem ogr aphi c, clini cal, n eur opsych ologi cal, an d behavi or al d ata o f th e PW A ( Chapter 3 ) ID Age Se x Ed uc at ion , es tim at ed ye ar s Po st O ns et , m ont hs Ty pe o f str ok e M RI localiz at io n Ne ur op syc ho -lo gic al d ia gn os is, sp ee ch Ne ur op syc ho -lo gic al d ia gn os is, ot he r h ig he r co gn iti ve fun ct io ns QA SA , tot al QA SA - C QA SA - P Sev er ity Ac tion Na m in g Sc or e Ph on ol og ica l Er ro r Ra te P1 55 f 13 10 0 he m or rh ag ic LH eff er en t m ot or aph as ia dy na m ic m an ua l apr ax ia 26 9.5 13 8. 5 131 m ild .76 0 P2 47 f 12 .5 19 isc he m ic di st ribu tion o f LMC A c ent ra l an d c or tic al bra nc hes ac ou st ic-m ne st ic aph as ia 251 13 5 11 6 m oder ate -m ild .82 .01 P3 78 m 15 5 he m or rh ag ic LH ac ou st ic-m ne st ic aph as ia ki ne st he tic m an ua l a pr ax ia , dy na m ic m an ua l apr ax ia 17 4. 5 85. 5 89 m oder ate -se ve re .76 .0 4 P4 40 m 13 26 he m or rh ag ic LH sp as tic-p ar et ic dy sa rth ria ND ND ND .9 8 0 P5 70 f 15 16 isc he m ic LMC A di st ribu tion se ns or y a ph as ia , ac ou st ic-m ne st ic ap ha sia ; s pa st ic-par et ic d ys ar th ria dy na m ic m an ua l apr ax ia 181 .5 99. 5 82 m oder ate .7 .01 P6 40 f 15 12 he m or rh ag ic left t em po ra l lo be ac ou st ic-m ne st ic aph as ia 288. 5 14 3. 5 14 5 m ild .85 .03 P7 50 m 13 59 isc he m ic LMC A di st ribu tion eff er en t m ot or ap ha sia , s pa st ic-par et ic d ys ar th ria dy na m ic m an ua l apr ax ia 270 14 9 121 m ild .9 8 .0 8 P8 57 f 13 23 isc he m ic di st ribu tion o f LM CA c or tic al bra nc hes eff er ent -a ffe re nt m ot or a ph as ia 291 .5 15 0 14 1. 5 m ild .9 6 .1 P9 43 m 15 10 he m or rh ag ic de ep s ec tion s of l eft f ron to -tem po ra l re gi on sp as tic-p ar et ic dy sa rth ria ND ND ND .9 6 0 P10 50 m 10 5 isc he m ic LMC A di st ribu tion ac ou st ic-m ne st ic aph as ia 269 14 2 12 7 m ild .8 4 0 P11 39 f 13 48 isc he m ic LMC A di st ribu tion eff er en t m ot or ap ha sia , s pa st ic-par et ic d ys ar th ria 285 14 3 14 2 m ild .9 6 .01
APPENDIX A
ID Age Se x Ed uc at ion , es tim at ed ye ar s Po st O ns et , m ont hs Ty pe o f str ok e M RI localiz at io n Ne ur op syc ho -lo gic al d ia gn os is, sp ee ch Ne ur op syc ho -lo gic al d ia gn os is, ot he r h ig he r co gn iti ve fun ct io ns QA SA , tot al QA SA - C QA SA - P Sev er ity Ac tion Na m in g Sc or e Ph on ol og ica l Er ro r Ra te P1 2 48 m 15 49 isc he m ic LMC A di st ribu tion eff er ent -a ffe re nt m ot or a ph as ia dy na m ic m an ua l apr ax ia 22 5. 5 14 6. 5 79 m oder ate -m ild .9 7 .19 P1 3 59 f 15 36 he m or rh ag ic left t em po ra l lo be ac ou st ic-m ne st ic ap ha sia , s en so ry aph as ia 283 14 3 14 0 m ild .9 5 0 P14 66 f 10 36 he m or rh ag ic left f ron to -pa rie ta l r eg ion eff er en t m ot or ap ha sia , s pa st ic-par et ic d ys ar th ria dy na m ic m an ua l a pr ax ia , con st ru ct ive apr ax ia ; d om ai n-ge ne ra l m em or y im pa irm en t 278 14 7.5 13 0. 5 m ild .9 5 .01 P1 5 50 m 15 51 isc he m ic LMC A di st ribu tion , la cu ne i n r ig ht fron ta l l ob e eff er en t m ot or ap ha sia , a m ne st ic aph as ia dy na m ic m an ua l apr ax ia 23 6 13 5 101 m oder ate -m ild .9 4 .0 4 P16 63 f 10 17 isc he m ic LMC A di st ribu tion eff er en t m ot or aph as ia 27 1. 5 14 6 12 5. 5 m ild .9 2 .0 6 P17 68 f 15 3 isc he m ic di st ribu tion of t he L M CA co rt ic al br anc he s, la cu ne i n l eft fron ta l l ob e se ns or y a ph as ia con st ru ct ive apr ax ia , d yn am ic m an ua l a pr ax ia 242 .5 12 8. 5 114 m oder ate -m ild .83 0 P18 54 f 13 12 he m or rh ag ic left b as al ga ng lia , ch an ge s i n rig ht p ar ie ta l lo be ac ou st ic-m ne st ic ap ha sia , d yn am ic aph as ia 26 4 13 8. 5 12 5. 5 m ild .8 6 .01 P1 9 50 m 13 29 isc he m ic LMC A di st ribu tion eff er en t m ot or ap ha sia , s pa st ic-rig id d ys ar th ria 232 13 0 10 2 m oder ate -m ild .6 4 .13 P20 41 f 15 28 isc he m ic LMC A di st ribu tion ac ou st ic-m ne st ic ap ha sia , e ffe re nt m ot or a ph as ia dy na m ic m an ua l apr ax ia 26 4. 5 14 3 121 .5 m ild .8 4 0
ID Age Se x Ed uc at ion , es tim at ed ye ar s Po st O ns et , m ont hs Ty pe o f str ok e M RI localiz at io n Ne ur op syc ho -lo gic al d ia gn os is, sp ee ch Ne ur op syc ho -lo gic al d ia gn os is, ot he r h ig he r co gn iti ve fun ct io ns QA SA , tot al QA SA - C QA SA - P Sev er ity Ac tion Na m in g Sc or e Ph on ol og ica l Er ro r Ra te P21 67 m 15 10 isc he m ic LMC A di st ribu tion eff er ent -a ffe re nt m ot or a ph as ia dy na m ic m an ua l apr ax ia 209 121 .5 87. 5 m oder ate .62 .0 4 P22 42 f 15 14 isc he m ic LH eff er en t m ot or aph as ia 29 7 14 7 15 0 m ild .9 6 0 P23 51 f 15 52 isc he m ic LMC A di st ribu tion dy na m ic a ph as ia , eff er ent -a ffe re nt m ot or a ph as ia dy na m ic m an ua l apr ax ia 18 3 12 5 58 m oder ate .34 0 P24 56 m 15 10 he m or rh ag ic left th al amu s su bc or tic al ap ha sia , a cou st ic-m ne st ic t yp e 278 14 8 13 0 m ild .9 7 0 P25 53 m 15 37 he m or rh ag ic left tem po ro -pa rie to -oc cip ita l r eg ion se ns or y a ph as ia m ild a tte nt ion im pa irm en t 216 .5 12 9.5 87 m oder ate .89 0 P26 54 m 10 6 isc he m ic di st ribu tion o f LMC A c ent ra l bra nc hes eff er ent -a ffe re nt m ot or a ph as ia ki ne st he tic m an ua l a pr ax ia , do m ai n-ge ne ra l me mo ry im pa irm en t 217 131 .5 85. 5 m oder ate .71 0 P27 73 f 15 4 isc he m ic LMC A di st ribu tion ac ou st ic-m ne st ic ap ha sia , s en so ry aph as ia 14 1. 5 59 82 .5 m oder ate -se ve re .8 6 .0 4 P2 8 50 m 13 26 isc he m ic LMC A di st ribu tion se ns or y a ph as ia 24 9.5 13 6 11 3. 5 m oder ate -m ild .9 4 0 P29 44 f 15 9 isc he m ic left tem po ro -pa rie ta l r eg ion eff er ent -a ffe re nt m ot or a ph as ia dy na m ic m an ua l apr ax ia 231 14 2 89 m oder ate -m ild .6 8 0 P3 0 33 f 15 26 isc he m ic len tifo rm nu cle us , l eft fron ta l l ob e eff er en t m ot or aph as ia dy na m ic m an ua l apr ax ia 278 .5 15 0 12 8. 5 m ild .9 5 .0 4 P31 34 f 15 7 isc he m ic left f ron to -pa rie to -oc cip ita l r es ion se m an tic aph as ia 242 .5 12 4. 5 11 8 m oder ate -m ild .9 5 0 P32 44 m 13 19 isc he m ic left tem po ro -pa rie ta l r eg ion ac ou st ic-m ne st ic ap ha sia , s en so ry aph as ia 23 4. 5 114 12 0. 5 m oder ate -m ild .91 .01
ID Age Se x Ed uc at ion , es tim at ed ye ar s Po st O ns et , m ont hs Ty pe o f str ok e M RI localiz at io n Ne ur op syc ho -lo gic al d ia gn os is, sp ee ch Ne ur op syc ho -lo gic al d ia gn os is, ot he r h ig he r co gn iti ve fun ct io ns QA SA , tot al QA SA - C QA SA - P Sev er ity Ac tion Na m in g Sc or e Ph on ol og ica l Er ro r Ra te P33 48 m 10 9 isc he m ic LMC A di st ribu tion eff er ent -a ffe re nt m ot or a ph as ia , dy na m ic a ph as ia dy na m ic m an ua l apr ax ia 18 9 103. 5 85. 5 m oder ate .4 2 .22 P3 4 68 f 10 15 isc he m ic left f ron to -tem po ra l re gi on eff er ent -a ffe re nt m ot or a ph as ia dy na m ic m an ua l apr ax ia 255 13 8 11 7 m oder ate -m ild .78 .0 5 P35 55 m 13 5 he m or rh ag ic left f ron to -tem po ra l re gi on se ns or y a ph as ia ; sp as tic-p ar et ic dy sa rth ria 18 7.5 10 0 87. 5 m oder ate .9 4 .03 P3 6 44 m 13 6 isc he m ic left tem po ro -pa rie ta l r eg ion se ns or y a ph as ia 19 6 11 0 86 m oder ate .76 .07 P37 40 f 13 4 he m or rh ag ic left f ron to -tem po ra l re gi on eff er en t m ot or aph as ia dy na m ic m an ua l a pr ax ia , ki ne st he tic m an ua l a pr ax ia 25 0 12 8 12 2 m oder ate -m ild .9 4 .01 P38 52 f 13 3 isc he m ic left f ron to -pa rie to -tem po ra l re gi on ac ou st ic-m ne st ic ap ha sia , s em an tic aph as ia co gn iti ve d efi ci ts 24 4 12 3. 5 12 0. 5 m oder ate -m ild .79 0 P3 9 53 m 10 3 he m or rh ag ic left pu ta m en ; la cu ne i n l eft fron ta l l ob e se ns or y a ph as ia , ac ou st ic-m ne st ic ap ha sia , s pa st ic-par et ic d ys ar th ria dy na m ic m an ua l apr ax ia 23 6. 5 13 2. 5 10 4 m oder ate -m ild .9 8 0 P4 0 37 m 15 14 6 isc he m ic left f ron to -tem po ra l re gi on eff er ent -a ffe re nt m ot or a ph as ia , ac ou st ic-m ne st ic ap ha sia ; s pa st ic-par et ic d ys ar th ria 255 .5 13 8. 5 11 7 m oder ate -m ild .75 0 No te : e du ca ti on in fo rm at io n in y ea rs w as n ot a va ila bl e a nd w as e st im at ed a cc or din g t o t yp ic al e du ca ti on d ur at io n a s f ol lo w s: s ec on da ry s ch oo l = 1 0 y ea rs , s ec on da ry pr of es si on al = 1 3 y ea rs , in co m pl et e h ig he r = 1 2. 5 y ea rs , h ig he r = 1 5 y ea rs ; l es io n l oc al iz at io n i s d er iv ed f ro m t he r ad io lo gi st s’ c lin ic al r ep or t; Q AS A – C = Q AS A – Co m pr eh en si on s ub te st s co re ; Q AS A – P = Q AS A – P ro du ct io n s co re ; L H = l ef t h em is ph er e; L M CA = l ef t m id dl e c er eb ra l a rt er y; N D = n o d at a.
APPENDIX B
White-matter tracts (Rojkova 2016) that intersected with the VLSM map (Chapter 3)
White-matter tract Probability of being affected
Anterior thalamic projections 1
Corpus callosum 1
Cortico-spinal tract 1
Frontal aslant tract 1
Frontal commissural fibers 1
Fronto-striatal projections 1
Inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus 1
Fronto-pontine projections 1
Superior londgitudinal fasciculus III 1
Uncinate 1
Superior londgitudinal fasciculus II .99
Frontal orbito-polar tract .98
Frontal inferior longitudinal tract .96
Anterior commissure .9
Fronto-insular tract 4 .9
Arcuate long segment .82
Fronto-insular tract 3 .68
Arcuate anterior segment .64
Cingulum .64
Fronto-insular tract 5 .6
Frontal superior longitudinal tract .58
Inferior longitudinal tract .5
Hand inferior U-shaped tract .49
Fornix .34
Fronto-insular tract 2 .32
Cingulum anterior .3
Face U-shaped tract .27
Superior londgitudinal fasciculus I .22
Fronto-insular tract 1 .16
APPENDIX C
Luria’s aphasia types
The descriptions of the types are given according to (Luria, 1980), if not indicated otherwise. The anatomical locations of the lesions typically associated with the syndromes are in the left hemisphere. The analysis of correspondence between the Lurian and Boston aphasia classifications is beyond this study’s scope and is reported, in a somewhat simplified form, based on other published works (Akhutina, 2016; Ardila, 2010). The reader is referred to these sources for a thorough review and discussion.
Acoustic-mnestic aphasia arises after damage to middle portions of the temporal lobe
(BAs 21 and 37). Such patients have spared phonemic hearing and can repeat single words. However, they have difficulties with reproducing words in more complex conditions (series of words, delayed repetition), as well as with word retrieval in experimental conditions and in spontaneous speech. Acoustic-mnestic aphasia roughly corresponds to anomia (Akhutina, 2016).
Afferent motor aphasia is associated with lesions to inferior parts of the postcentral
regions in the area of Rolandic operculum. This syndrome’s main feature is apraxic articulatory disturbance which manifests clinically in substitutions of articulemes in speech production and repetition. The syndrome is different from apraxia of speech, though, in a sense that the deficit is not limited to articulation and also manifests in reading and writing (Akhutina, 2016). Afferent motor aphasia roughly corresponds to conduction aphasia (Ardila, 2010).
Amnestic aphasia was not discussed as a separate aphasia type in Luria, 1980, but the
concept was developed in other works (e.g., Luria & Hutton, 1977). It is an umbrella term for aphasia characterized by naming deficits of various nature: visuo-gnostic, acoustic-mnesitc deficit; or inability to select among alternatives.
Semantic aphasia emerges after a lesion to parieto-occipital cortex, and one of its most
prominent linguistic features is the inability to process so-called logical-grammatical constructions, i.e. reversible constructions that encode spatial, temporal, comparative, attributive relationships etc. Semantic aphasia does not have a direct counterpart in the Boston classification.
Sensory aphasia arises after a lesion to the posterior part of the superior temporal
gyrus, and the root of this syndrome is impaired phonemic hearing. The patient cannot differentiate between speech sounds or repeat them. The problems in auditory phonemic analysis lead to impaired comprehension and repetition; paraphasias are present in speech production, sometimes up to a degree of word salad. The organization of word meanings is also impaired and manifests in semantic errors both in production and comprehension. Sensory aphasia corresponds to Wernicke’s aphasia in the Boston classification (Akhutina, 2016; Ardila, 2010).
Efferent motor aphasia emerges after a lesion to Broca’s area and is mainly characterized
by inability to pronounce complex articulatory sequences: syllable series, words or word series. Disintegration of the internal structure of the expressive speech is also reflected in disturbed syntactic structure and telegraphic style. Efferent motor aphasia roughly corresponds to Broca’s aphasia (Akhutina, 2016; Ardila, 2010).
Dynamic aphasia can develop due to a lesion anterior to Broca’s area. The main feature
of this syndrome is deficiency of speech initiative. Repetition and confrontation naming are spared; however, forming an independent proposition is highly problematic. Grammatical impairment or telegraphic style are not characteristic for this syndrome; although one experimental study (Luria & Tsvetkova, 1968) showed that patients with dynamic aphasia can have problems recalling or enumerating verbs, supposedly because of their inherent propositional nature. Dynamic aphasia roughly corresponds to transcortical motor aphasia in the Boston classification (Akhutina, 2016; Ardila, 2010).
Other clinically used diagnostic labels
Two of the aphasia types present in our sample - complex motor and complex temporal aphasia - were not originally described by Luria. These are the labels used by the clinicians at the Center for Speech Pathology and Neurorehabilitation (Moscow, Russia) to denote combinations of symptoms of different Luria’s aphasia types that frequently occur together.
Complex motor aphasia is efferent motor aphasia with some features of afferent
motor aphasia. It is characterized by difficulties with production of complex articulatory sequences and syntactic problems, but also manifests in apraxic motor problems of kineasthetic nature such as articulation search during speech production. Complex motor aphasia is always nonfluent.
Complex temporal aphasia combines features of sensory and acoustic-mnestic aphasia.
PWA with complex temporal aphasia demonstrate impaired phonemic hearing as well as word retrieval problems typical for acoustic-mnestic aphasia. Complex temporal aphasia is always fluent.
PW A impairm en t (pr oporti on corr ect) in V AST -Ru tasks ( Chapter 4 ) PWA Ty pe - p rim ar y Ty pe s - a ll Fl ue nc y ANa m FIn f FF inV ON am SC on st MP N VA VC om p SC omp SPl au s Cl us te r 1 aff ere nt mo to r aff ere nt mo to r flu ent .76 .85 .85 .92 .70 1.0 0 .25 .78 .73 .88 1 2 dy na m ic dy na m ic non flu en t .78 .9 0 .80 .88 .75 1.0 0 .9 0 .88 .95 .83 1 3 aco ust ic-m ne st ic aco ust ic-m ne st ic flu ent .8 4 .84 .85 .9 6 .85 1.0 0 .9 0 .88 .80 .87 1 4 aco ust ic-m ne st ic aco ust ic-m ne st ic flu ent .86 .85 .9 0 .9 8 .9 0 1.0 0 .8 4 .90 .93 .9 2 1 5 eff ere nt mo to r eff ere nt mo to r non flu en t .78 .9 0 .75 .9 8 .75 .9 6 .75 .90 .63 .95 1 6 eff ere nt mo to r eff ere nt mo to r non flu en t .88 .80 .85 .9 8 .85 .9 6 .85 .90 .93 .95 1 7 eff ere nt mo to r eff ere nt mo to r non flu en t .61 .65 .75 .78 .8 0 1.0 0 .75 .93 .9 8 .9 7 1 8 se ns or y se ns or y flu ent .9 0 .95 .75 .92 .8 0 1.0 0 .75 .93 .80 .9 8 1 9 co mp lex te mp or al co mp lex te mp or al flu ent .6 4 .8 0 .70 1.0 0 .8 0 .79 1.0 0 .9 8 .63 .82 1 10 com pl ex m ot or com pl ex m ot or non flu en t .71 .60 .50 .90 .85 .93 1.0 0 .9 8 .95 .86 1 11 se m ant ic se m ant ic flu ent .88 .60 .79 .9 4 .75 .93 .70 .9 8 .85 .9 2 1 12 aco ust ic-m ne st ic aco ust ic-m ne st ic flu ent .85 .95 .75 .9 8 .50 1.0 0 .75 .9 8 .90 .9 7 1 13 eff ere nt mo to r eff ere nt mo to r non flu en t .82 .70 .70 .9 8 .55 .86 .95 1.0 0 .85 .73 1 14 se ns or y se ns or y flu ent .78 1.0 0 .9 0 1.0 0 .9 0 1.0 0 .95 1.0 0 .65 .75 1 15 co mp lex te mp or al co mp lex te mp or al flu ent .9 6 .95 .95 1.0 0 .9 0 .89 .8 0 1.0 0 .80 .75 1 16 aco ust ic-m ne st ic aco ust ic-m ne st ic flu ent .9 0 .9 0 .80 .9 6 .75 .9 6 .95 1.0 0 .55 .76 1 17 com pl ex m ot or com pl ex m ot or non flu en t .9 2 .95 .9 0 .9 6 .65 1.0 0 .85 1.0 0 .9 8 .80 1 18 eff ere nt mo to r eff ere nt mo to r non flu en t .9 6 .95 .95 1.0 0 .8 0 1.0 0 .9 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 .87 1 19 eff ere nt mo to r eff ere nt mo to r non flu en t .86 .95 .75 .88 .9 0 1.0 0 .70 1.0 0 1.0 0 .87 1 20 se ns or y se ns or y flu ent .88 .9 0 .95 .92 .8 0 1.0 0 .85 1.0 0 1.0 0 .88 1 21 aco ust ic-m ne st ic aco ust ic-m ne st ic flu ent .8 4 .70 .75 .90 .65 1.0 0 .8 0 1.0 0 .9 8 .9 2 1 22 dy na m ic dy na m ic non flu en t .82 .75 .80 .9 4 .9 0 1.0 0 .95 1.0 0 .95 .93 1 23 com pl ex m ot or com pl ex m ot or non flu en t .76 .75 .95 .88 .70 1.0 0 .95 1.0 0 .90 .95 1 24 aco ust ic-m ne st ic aco ust ic-m ne st ic , se m ant ic flu ent .76 .9 0 .85 .84 .8 0 .9 6 .75 1.0 0 .88 .9 7 1
APPENDIX D
PWA Ty pe - p rim ar y Ty pe s - a ll Fl ue nc y ANa m FIn f FF inV ON am SC on st MP N VA VC om p SC omp SPl au s Cl us te r 25 eff ere nt mo to r eff ere nt mo to r non flu en t .8 4 .95 .85 .9 6 .85 1.0 0 .9 0 1.0 0 .95 .9 7 1 26 com pl ex m ot or com pl ex m ot or non flu en t .78 .9 0 .85 .92 .68 .9 6 1.0 0 1.0 0 .95 .9 8 1 27 dy na m ic dy na m ic , e ffe re nt m ot or non flu en t .86 .85 .95 .9 6 .8 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 .9 8 1 28 am ne st ic am ne st ic , s en sor y flu ent .86 1.0 0 .9 0 .9 4 .9 0 1.0 0 .75 1.0 0 .88 .9 8 1 29 com pl ex m ot or com pl ex m ot or non flu en t .9 4 .9 0 .80 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 .9 0 1.0 0 .9 8 .9 8 1 30 dy na m ic dy na m ic non flu en t .9 4 .9 0 .9 0 .9 6 .9 0 .93 .95 1.0 0 .95 1.0 0 1 31 se ns or y se ns or y flu ent .50 .65 .65 .74 .45 .9 6 .70 .40 .40 .75 2 32 co mp lex te mp or al co mp lex te mp or al flu ent .54 .55 .45 .90 .44 .93 .70 .65 .58 .83 2 33 com pl ex m ot or co m pl ex m ot or , d yn am ic non flu en t .62 .47 .50 .90 .45 .82 .35 .65 .55 .83 2 34 dy na m ic dy na m ic non flu en t .62 .65 .55 .82 .50 1.0 0 .75 .73 .70 .77 2 35 com pl ex m ot or com pl ex m ot or non flu en t .36 .65 .55 .62 .45 .9 6 .8 0 .83 .88 .83 2 36 se ns or y se ns or y flu ent .60 .75 .65 .82 .45 .9 6 .63 .85 .70 .87 2 37 co mp lex te mp or al co mp lex te mp or al flu ent .74 .0 0 .55 .88 .55 .68 .85 .88 .40 .50 2 38 com pl ex m ot or co m pl ex m ot or , d yn am ic non flu en t .6 0 .35 .6 5 .72 .35 .93 .50 .88 .55 .52 2 39 se ns or y se ns or y flu ent .50 .50 .35 .84 .50 .89 .40 .88 .43 .78 2 40 aco ust ic-m ne st ic aco ust ic-m ne st ic , se m ant ic flu ent .73 .63 .65 .84 .45 1.0 0 .9 0 .88 .87 .80 2 41 dy na m ic dy na m ic non flu en t .4 3 .4 5 .35 .57 .26 .9 6 .85 .90 .48 .63 2 42 com pl ex m ot or co m pl ex m ot or , d yn am ic non flu en t .72 .65 .50 .9 4 .55 .86 .9 0 .93 .80 .82 2 43 com pl ex m ot or com pl ex m ot or non flu en t .46 .50 .35 .38 .35 .9 6 .85 .93 .95 .87 2 44 co mp lex te mp or al co mp lex te mp or al flu ent .66 .50 .55 .82 .75 .86 .95 .95 .50 .50 2 45 com pl ex m ot or com pl ex m ot or non flu en t .6 6 .4 0 .50 .82 .40 1.0 0 .85 .95 .85 .55 2 46 se ns or y se ns or y flu ent .60 .65 .55 .68 .45 .9 6 .9 0 .95 .60 .75 2 47 com pl ex m ot or co m pl ex m ot or , d yn am ic non flu en t .16 .35 .25 .42 .20 .9 6 .75 .95 .68 .9 2 2 48 com pl ex m ot or com pl ex m ot or non flu en t .58 .65 .50 .72 .75 .9 6 .8 0 .9 8 .88 .85 2
PWA Ty pe - p rim ar y Ty pe s - a ll Fl ue nc y ANa m FIn f FF inV ON am SC on st MP N VA VC om p SC omp SPl au s Cl us te r 49 dy na m ic dy na m ic , e ffe re nt m ot or non flu en t .8 0 .6 0 .60 .92 .45 1.0 0 .8 0 .9 8 .90 .87 2 50 co mp lex te mp or al co mp lex te mp or al , aff ere nt mo to r flu ent .45 .75 .55 .54 .25 1.0 0 .9 0 .9 8 1.0 0 .88 2 51 dy na m ic dy na m ic non flu en t .82 .70 .50 .79 .40 1.0 0 .75 .9 8 .9 8 .93 2 52 se ns or y se ns or y flu ent .26 .50 .10 .58 .25 .9 6 .00 1.0 0 .50 .55 2 53 com pl ex m ot or co m pl ex m ot or , d yn am ic non flu en t .6 5 .4 5 .70 .78 .30 .71 .95 1.0 0 1.0 0 .82 2 54 com pl ex m ot or com pl ex m ot or non flu en t .76 .75 .70 .84 .15 1.0 0 .55 1.0 0 .9 8 .87 2 No te : A Na m = A ct io n N am in g, F In f = F ill in g in I nfi ni ti ve s, F Fin V = F ill in g in F in it e V er bs , O Na m = O bj ec t N am in g, S Co ns t = S en te nc e C on st ru ct io n, M P = M in im al P ai rs , N VA = N on -V er ba l A ss oc ia ti on , V Co m p = V er b C om pr eh en si on , S Co m p = S en te nc e C om pr eh en si on , S Pl au s = S en te nc e P la us ib ili ty . D ar k g re y c el ls in i ta lic s ta nd f or t he s co re s th at a re s ig ni fic an tl y d if fe re nt f ro m t he c on tr ol g ro up , a s a ss es se d w it h o ne -t ai le d t es t o f a bn or m al it y i m pl em en te d in S in gl im s_ ES s of tw ar e ( Cr aw fo rd e t a l., 2 01 0) w it h th re sh ol d p = . 05 . L ig ht g re y c el ls in b ol df ac e d o n ot d if fe r s ig ni fic an tl y f ro m t he c on tr ol g ro up
ABSTRACT
This dissertation focuses on verb and sentence processing in aphasia. Aphasia is a language disorder that can occur after organic damage to the brain in adults (typically, after a left-hemisphere stroke). To be able to work with Russian-speaking population, we first of all developed a database of research materials in Russian required to do research on verbs. It contained action pictures, corresponding verbs, and values of variables that, according to the state-of-art psycholinguistic knowledge, can influence processing: word frequency, subjective age of word acquisition, complexity of the picture etc. The database was made freely available at the website en.stim-database.ru. With these materials, we conducted an action naming experiment with individuals after stroke to the left hemisphere, in order to reveal which grey and white matter brain structures subserve lexical-semantic stages of verb retrieval. To achieve that, we located the lesions in the structural brain MRIs of the participants and combined these data with their action naming accuracy using a technique called voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping. The analysis revealed a number of grey and white matter neural correlates of action naming which we discussed in terms of state-of-the-art models of picture naming, action semantics processing, and semantic control. Finally, we placed the verbs in the sentence context and investigated individual patterns of verb and sentence processing using a linguistic diagnostic battery adapted from Dutch (Bastiaanse et al., 2000) to Russian. The battery contained multiple tasks aimed at assessing single verbs and sentences in production and comprehension. A large group of individuals with aphasia completed the tasks, and we used a data-driven technique, k-means cluster analysis, to see, first, if the individuals grouped based on their tasks performance, and second, if these groupings corresponded to their diagnosed aphasia types. The cluster analysis revealed two groups of participants, divided primarily based on the severity of their impairment, and we did not find clear repeatable patterns of performance in our group. No clear correspondence to aphasia types was found either; however, verb and sentence impairments were prevalent across all aphasia types. The results of the three studies are collectively discussed, and further research directions are outlined.
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Yulia Akinina was born on 19th April 1989, in Moscow, USSR. She finished her MA
studies in theoretical and applied linguistics at the Lomonosov Moscow State University in 2011 and worked as a computational linguist for two years. She joined a newly founded Neurolinguistics Lab at the HSE Univerisity, Moscow, Russia, in 2013 and has worked there under supervision of Dr. Olga Dragoy. In 2015, she was admitted as an external PhD candidate to the Graduate School of the Humanities at the University of Groningen, the Netherlands, to work under supervision of Prof. dr. Roelien Bastiaanse, co-supervised by Dr. Dragoy. She participated in multiple research projects in the Neurolinguistics lab and is actively involved in the development of diagnostic tests for aphasia such as Russian Aphasia Test and the electronic version of the Token Test in multiple languages. She presently continues her employment with Dr. Dragoy at the HSE University.
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GRODIL
Center for Language and Cognition Groningen (CLCG) P.O. Box 716
9700 AS Groningen The Netherlands
