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For instance, a typical instance where political principals intervene to curtail bureaucrats’ autonomy and discretion is cited at Ghana’s ports and harbours where
Similarly, in Ghana, patronage bureaucrats appointed by principals devote a significant amount of effort to sustain their political principals in power by promoting “the interest
Instead, principals participate or influence appointment decisions by subtly fusing patronage- based factors with merit ones within the bureaucracy in the anticipation that
The third profound conclusion of this study is that autonomous, loyal and responsive attitudes and behaviour are not exclusively restricted to only specific types of
administrative state: A study of the political theory of American public administration, pp.. The administrative state - A study of the political theory of American public
Abdul-Nasir is a Member (MABE) of the Association of Business Executives (ABE), London, as well as an Affiliate member of the Institute of Human Resource Management
Patronage appointees demonstrate more loyal attitudes and behaviour to their principals when compared with merit appointees; and display similar levels of responsiveness when compared
