University of Groningen Endocarditis Gomes, Anna

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Endocarditis

Gomes, Anna

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Publication date:

2018

Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research database

Citation for published version (APA):

Gomes, A. (2018). Endocarditis: Improving the chain of care. University of Groningen.

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A

AB days number of days on antibiotic therapy prior to surgery ACC American College of Cardiology

AG Anna Gomes

AHA American Heart Association AI aortic valve insufficiency AIC akaike information criterion

ALAT alanine aminotransferase, a liver enzyme AML anterior mitral leaflet

AoS aortic valve stenosis AS aortic valve stenosis ASD atrial septum defect

ASAT aspartaataminotransferase, a liver enzyme AV aortic valve

AV block atrio-ventricular block AUC area under the curve AWJMG Andor W.J.M. Glaudemans

B

BA blood agar, containing 5% sheep blood

Bayesian the setting in MW\Pharm for inclusion of a pharmacokinetic parameter estimated with Bayesian prior in a population pharmacokinetic model BBA Brucella blood agar, containing 5% sheep blood

BC blood culture

bio biological prosthetic heart valve

BLA activatable β-lactamase-targeted optical tracer BLAST basic local alignment search tool

BS Bhanu Sinha

BSAC British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy BW bodyweight

C

C concentration

CABG coronary artery bypass grafting CCD charge-coupled device (cameras) CI confidence interval

CEF 99m_{Tc-ceftriaxone}

CFU colony forming unit CHD congenital heart disease

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List of abbreviations

257

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CHOC chocolate agar

CIP 99m_{Tc-ciprofloxacin/}18_{F-ciprofloxacin}

CL clearance of a drug (e.g. gentamicin)

CLcr creatinine clearance according to Cockroft-Gault CLm metabolic/non-renal clearance

cm centimeter

Cmax maximum concentration of an agent in the blood of a patient CoNS coagulase negative staphylococci

COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease CRP C-reactive protein

CSF cerebrospinal fluid CT computed tomography

CTA computed tomography angiography

D

D dimensional

DNA desoxyribonucleic acid, carrier of genetic information

E

EANM European Association of Nuclear Medicine

EARL European Association of Nuclear Medicine Research Ltd.

Echo echocardiography (both with transthoracic and transesophageal views) e.c.i. of unknown cause (Latin: e cause ignota)

ECG electrocardiogram

E. faecalis Enterococcus faecalis

e.g. for example (Latin: exempli gratia) eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate EMC Erasmus Medical Center

EMIT enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique

Endocarditis in this thesis “endocarditis” refers to “infective endocarditis” ESC European Society of Cardiology

et al and others (Latin: et alii)

F

F female

18_F _{Fluor-18, an unstable radioactive isotope of fluor}

FDG-PET/CT 18_{F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography with low-dose}

computed tomography

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18_F-FDG-PET 18_{F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography}

18_F-FDG-PET/CT 18_{F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography with low-dose}

computed tomography

18_{F-FDG-PET/CTA} 18_{F- fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography with computed}

tomography angiography

18_F-FDS _2-[18_{F]-fluoro-deoxy-sorbitol} 18_F-FM _6-[18_{F]-fluoromaltose}

FIAU 1-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-b-D-arabino-furanosyl)- 5-iodouracil, a

radionuclide-mediated tracer based on the nucleoside analog fialuridine FITC fluorescein isothiocyanate

Fixed the setting in MW\Pharm for inclusion of a pharmacokinetic parameter with a fixed value in a population pharmacokinetic model

FLER 18_F-fleroxacin

FP false positive

FPB fixed population Bayesian, the setting in MW\Pharm for inclusion of a pharmacokinetic parameter with a predefined fixed population value in a population pharmacokinetic model

FN false negative

fr renal clearance of a drug (e.g. gentamicin) as a fraction of creatinine clearance

G

GRADE grading of recommendations assessment, development and evaluation Gram Gram staining

H

HACEK Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Haemophilus aphrophilus and

Haemophilus paraphrophilus (currently referred to as Aggregatibacter aphrophilus and Aggregatibacter paraphrophilus), Haemophilus influenzae, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Cardiobacterium hominis, Eikenella corrodens, Kingella kingae, and Kingella denitrificans

HIG radiolabeled human polyclonal immunoglobulin

H. parainfluenzae Haemophilus parainfluenzae

I

111_In _{Indium-111, an unstable radioactive isotope of indium}

ICD implantable cardioverter defibrillator ICDs implantable cardioverter defibrillators

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cardioverter defibrillators and pacemakers

ICG indocyanine green ICU intensive care unit ID infectious diseases

IDENTICAL improving diagnosis of endocarditis and its therapy with a focus on prosthetic material

i.e. that is (Latin: id est) IE infective endocarditis IPM intracardiac prosthetic material ITSB iterative two-stage Bayesian i.v. intravenous

K

kHz kilohertz kg kilogram

L

L liter

LBMc lean body mass according to the equation of Chennavasin corrected for fat distribution

LCC left coronary cusp LV left ventricle

LVAD left ventricular assist device LVOT left ventricular outflow tract

M

M male

m2 _{square meter body surface area}

mo months

MALT 6-[18_{F]-fluoromaltose/maltodextrin-based optical tracer}

Max maximum

MBq mega Becquerel, a unit for radioactivity mCT multidetector computed tomography

M(D) molecular testing directly on the explanted heart valve MDAPE median absolute prediction error

MDCTA electrocardiogram-gated multidetector computed tomography angiography

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mechano mechanical prosthetic heart valve METc in Dutch medical ethics review committee MI mitral heart valve insufficiency

MIC the minimum inhibitory concentration of a micro-organism for an antimicrobial agent

min minutes mL milliliter

MN micrococcal nuclease, a nuclease secreted by Staphylococcus aureus MRSA methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus

MRA magnetic resonance imaging with angiography MRI magnetic resonance imaging

M(S) molecular testing on the fluid after sonication of the explanted heart valve

MS mitral heart valve stenosis [OR] Michiel Santing mSv milli-Sievert

MV mitral heart valve MVP mitral valvulo plasty

N

n number (of patients)

N negative

N/A not applicable

N-AV native aortic heart valve NCC non coronary cusp

neg negative

NGS next-generation sequencing NHF Netherlands heart foundation

NICE national institute for health and clinical excellence of the United Kingdom

N-MV native mitral heart valve NNI number needed to investigate NP Niek H.J. Prakken

NPV negative predictive value N-PV native pulmonary heart valve Nr. patient number

N-TV native tricuspid heart valve

NTMM Dutch journal of medical microbiology

NUC activatable nuclease-targeted optical tracer (Staphylococcus aureus- directed)

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NVE native valve endocarditis NYHA New York Heart Association

P

p probability value

P positive [OR] probability value

P. acnes Propionibacterium acnes (genus Cutibacterium)

PAF paroxysmal atrial fibrillation P-AV prosthetic aortic heart valve PCR polymerase chain reaction PDT photodynamic therapy PE predictive error

PET positron emission tomography PD pharmacodynamics

PI pulmonary valve insufficiency PhD doctor of philosophy PHV prosthetic heart valve PK pharmacokinetic Plasty valvulo plasty

plates solid media including BA, CHOC, and BBA plates PM pacemaker

pos positive

PPK population pharmacokinetic (model) PPM permanent pacemaker

PPV positive predictive value P-PV prosthetic pulmonary heart valve

PRISMA preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses PRO prothrombin-based optical/radiolabeled tracer

PS pulmonary valve stenosis pt nr patient number

PV prosthetic valve [OR] pulmonary valve PVE prosthetic valve endocarditis

R

RBC red blood cells, number of bags given during surgery RCC right coronary cusp

ROC receiver-operator curves RS Riemer H.J.A. Slart

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S

S sonication

SAB Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia S. aureus Staphylococcus aureus

S/C sonication with centrifugation (protocol)

S. capitis Staphylococcus capitis

SD standard deviation

S. dysgalactiae Streptococcus dysgalactiae

S/E sonication with broth enrichment (protocol)

S. epidermidis Staphylococcus epidermidis S. gordonii Streptococcus gordonii S. mitis Streptococcus mitis

SNMMI society of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging SOR 2-[18_{F]-fluoro-deoxy-sorbitol}

S. parasanguinis Streptococcus parasanguinis

16S-PCR polymerase chain reaction of the 16S ribosomal RNA (ribonucleic acid) gene of the small 30S ribosomal subunit in prokaryotes

SPECT single photon emission computerized tomography

SPECT/CT single photon emission computerized tomography with low-dose CT

S. pneumoniae Streptococcus pneumoniae

spp. species, refers to several species of micro-organism within a genus SPSS statistical package for the social sciences, statistical computer program

S. saccharolyticus Staphylococcus saccharolyticus S. salivarius Streptococcus salivarius

ST standard microbiological workup of the explanted heart valve SUV standardized uptake value, a (semi-)quantitative measure of FDG- uptake

SUV_max the maximum measured intensity, as measured by standardized uptake values

SUV_ratio the target-to-background ratio of FDG-uptake as measure by

standardized uptake values SvA Sander van Assen

T

99m_Tc _{Technetium-99m, a metastable nuclear isomer of Technetium-99 which}

is an unstable radioactive isotope of Technetium

99m_Tc-HMPAO _{Technetium-99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime}

TDM therapeutic drug monitoring TEE trans-esophageal echocardiography

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TI tricuspid heart valve insufficiency TN true negative

T/N target-to-normal tissue (ratio) TOE trans-oesophageal echocardiography TP true positive

TTE trans-thoracic echocardiography TTP time to positivity

TV tricuspid valve TVP tricuspid valve plasty

TvNG Dutch journal of nuclear medicine

T. whipplei Tropheryma whipplei

U

UBI Technetium-99m labelled ubiquicidin UMCG University Medical Center Groningen US ultrasound

V

VAN vancomycin-IRDye800CW vanco-800CW vancomycin-IRDye800CW Vd volume of distribution vs versus

VSD ventricular septum defect

VWS Dutch ministry of health, welfare and sport

W

W Watt

WGS whole genome sequencing

ΣWSS/df the weighted sum of squares of the residuals of concentration measurements and parameters (ΣWSS) divided by the degrees of freedom (df; the total number of measurements minus the number of estimated population and individual parameters)

WMO the Dutch medical research involving human subjects act

Y

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