University of Groningen Solving the Cultural Paradox of Loneliness Heu, Luzia

University of Groningen

Solving the Cultural Paradox of Loneliness

Heu, Luzia

DOI:

10.33612/diss.156121537

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Publication date:

2021

Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research database

Citation for published version (APA):

Heu, L. (2021). Solving the Cultural Paradox of Loneliness. University of Groningen.

https://doi.org/10.33612/diss.156121537

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Solving the Cultural Paradox

of Loneliness

PhD thesis

to obtain the degree of PhD at the University of Groningen

on the authority of the Rector Magnificus Prof. C. Wijmenga

and in accordance with the decision by the College of Deans. This thesis will be defended in public on

Thursday February 11 at 9.00 hours

by

Luzia Cassis Heu

Supervisor

Co-supervisor

Assessment committee

Table of Conten ts

C h a p t e r 1 Introduction: The Cultural Paradox of Loneliness 9 C h a p t e r 2 Lonely alone or lonely together? A cultural-psychological

examination of individualism-collectivism and loneliness in five European countries

29

C h a p t e r 3 Resolving the cultural loneliness paradox of choice: The role of cultural norms about individual choice regarding

relationships in explaining loneliness in four European countries

57

C h a p t e r 4 Far away from home and (not) lonely: Relational mobility in migrants’ heritage culture as a potential protection from loneliness

81

C h a p t e r 5 Loneliness experiences across cultures with different levels

of social embeddedness: A qualitative study in five countries 103 Supplemental Materials Chapter 5 129 C h a p t e r 6 Does loneliness thrive in relational freedom or restriction?

The culture-loneliness framework 179 Supplemental Materials Chapter 6 203

General Discussion 223

References 245

Dutch Summary 269

Acknowledgements (and Other Relevant Notes) 279