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Cover Page

The handle http://hdl.handle.net/1887/61075 holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation.

Author: Messemaker, T.C.

Title: Exploring the world of non-coding genes in stem cells and autoimmunity

Issue Date: 2018-04-03

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517708-L-bw-Messemaker 517708-L-bw-Messemaker 517708-L-bw-Messemaker 517708-L-bw-Messemaker Processed on: 7-3-2018 Processed on: 7-3-2018 Processed on: 7-3-2018

Processed on: 7-3-2018 PDF page: 1PDF page: 1PDF page: 1PDF page: 1

Exploring the world of non-coding genes in stem cells and

autoimmunity

Tobias Casper Messemaker

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517708-L-bw-Messemaker 517708-L-bw-Messemaker 517708-L-bw-Messemaker 517708-L-bw-Messemaker Processed on: 7-3-2018 Processed on: 7-3-2018 Processed on: 7-3-2018

Processed on: 7-3-2018 PDF page: 2PDF page: 2PDF page: 2PDF page: 2

Cover design by Hennie Messemaker Printed by Ipskamp printing

ISBN: 978-94-028-0959-6

The work presented in this thesis was supported by the Dutch Arthritis Foundation (Reumafonds). Printing of this thesis was financially supported by the Leiden University.

Copyright © Tobias C. Messemaker, 2018

All rights are reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or transmitted in may form or by any means without permission of the copyright owners.

Exploring the world of non-coding genes in stem cells and autoimmunity

Proefschrift

ter verkrijging van

de graad van Doctor aan de Universiteit Leiden, op gezag van Rector Magnificus prof.mr. C.J.J.M. Stolker,

volgens besluit van het College voor Promoties te verdedigen op dinsdag 3 april 2018

klokke 10.00 uur

door

Tobias Casper Messemaker geboren te Katwijk aan Zee

in 1988

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517708-L-bw-Messemaker 517708-L-bw-Messemaker 517708-L-bw-Messemaker 517708-L-bw-Messemaker Processed on: 7-3-2018 Processed on: 7-3-2018 Processed on: 7-3-2018

Processed on: 7-3-2018 PDF page: 3PDF page: 3PDF page: 3PDF page: 3

Cover design by Hennie Messemaker Printed by Ipskamp printing

ISBN: 978-94-028-0959-6

The work presented in this thesis was supported by the Dutch Arthritis Foundation (Reumafonds). Printing of this thesis was financially supported by the Leiden University.

Copyright © Tobias C. Messemaker, 2018

All rights are reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or transmitted in may form or by any means without permission of the copyright owners.

Exploring the world of non-coding genes in stem cells and autoimmunity

Proefschrift

ter verkrijging van

de graad van Doctor aan de Universiteit Leiden, op gezag van Rector Magnificus prof.mr. C.J.J.M. Stolker,

volgens besluit van het College voor Promoties te verdedigen op dinsdag 3 april 2018

klokke 10.00 uur

door

Tobias Casper Messemaker geboren te Katwijk aan Zee

in 1988

(5)

517708-L-bw-Messemaker 517708-L-bw-Messemaker 517708-L-bw-Messemaker 517708-L-bw-Messemaker Processed on: 7-3-2018 Processed on: 7-3-2018 Processed on: 7-3-2018

Processed on: 7-3-2018 PDF page: 4PDF page: 4PDF page: 4PDF page: 4

Promotor: Prof. dr. R.E.M. Toes Co-Promotores: Dr. B.A.S. Kurreeman

Dr. H.M.M. Mikkers

Leden promotiecommissie: Prof. dr. T.W.J. Huizinga

Prof. dr. R.C. Hoeben

Prof. dr. J.H. Gribnau (Erasmusc MC) Prof. dr. A.P. Zhernakova (UMC Groningen)

The research presented in this thesis was performed at the department of Molecular Cell Biology and the department of rheumatology, Leiden University

Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.

Table of contents

Chapter 1 General introduction 7

Chapter 2 Inflammatory genes TNFα and IL6 display no signs of increased H3K4me3 in circulating monocytes from untreated rheumatoid arthritis patients

35

Chapter 3 Immunogenetics of rheumatoid arthritis: Understanding functional implications

51

Chapter 4 Comment on “Functional analysis of a complement polymorphism (rs17611) associated with Rheumatoid Arthritis”

75

Chapter 5 A novel long non-coding RNA in the rheumatoid arthritis risk locus TRAF1-C5 influences C5 mRNA levels

81

Chapter 6 Antisense long non-coding RNAs are deregulated in skin tissue of patients with systemic sclerosis

105

Chapter 7 Allele-specific repression of Sox2 through the long non-

coding RNA Sox2ot 127

Chapter 8 Summarizing discussion 155

Chapter 9 Addendum:

Nederlandse samenvatting List of publications

Curriculum Vitae Dankwoord

167

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517708-L-bw-Messemaker 517708-L-bw-Messemaker 517708-L-bw-Messemaker 517708-L-bw-Messemaker Processed on: 7-3-2018 Processed on: 7-3-2018 Processed on: 7-3-2018

Processed on: 7-3-2018 PDF page: 5PDF page: 5PDF page: 5PDF page: 5

Promotor: Prof. dr. R.E.M. Toes Co-Promotores: Dr. B.A.S. Kurreeman

Dr. H.M.M. Mikkers

Leden promotiecommissie: Prof. dr. T.W.J. Huizinga

Prof. dr. R.C. Hoeben

Prof. dr. J.H. Gribnau (Erasmusc MC) Prof. dr. A.P. Zhernakova (UMC Groningen)

The research presented in this thesis was performed at the department of Molecular Cell Biology and the department of rheumatology, Leiden University

Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.

Table of contents

Chapter 1 General introduction 7

Chapter 2 Inflammatory genes TNFα and IL6 display no signs of increased H3K4me3 in circulating monocytes from untreated rheumatoid arthritis patients

35

Chapter 3 Immunogenetics of rheumatoid arthritis: Understanding functional implications

51

Chapter 4 Comment on “Functional analysis of a complement polymorphism (rs17611) associated with Rheumatoid Arthritis”

75

Chapter 5 A novel long non-coding RNA in the rheumatoid arthritis risk locus TRAF1-C5 influences C5 mRNA levels

81

Chapter 6 Antisense long non-coding RNAs are deregulated in skin tissue of patients with systemic sclerosis

105

Chapter 7 Allele-specific repression of Sox2 through the long non-

coding RNA Sox2ot 127

Chapter 8 Summarizing discussion 155

Chapter 9 Addendum:

Nederlandse samenvatting List of publications

Curriculum Vitae Dankwoord

167

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517708-L-bw-Messemaker 517708-L-bw-Messemaker 517708-L-bw-Messemaker 517708-L-bw-Messemaker Processed on: 7-3-2018 Processed on: 7-3-2018 Processed on: 7-3-2018

Processed on: 7-3-2018 PDF page: 6PDF page: 6PDF page: 6PDF page: 6

Chapter 1

General introduction

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