Graphene and doped graphene from adsorbed molecules Zehra, Tashfeen
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Publication date: 2018
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Zehra, T. (2018). Graphene and doped graphene from adsorbed molecules. University of Groningen.
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121 ﮨ ﮯﺘﮭﮑﯾد جءﺎﺘﻧ ﯽﻠﯿﺼﻔﺗ ﮟﯿﻣ ﻢﮨرﺎﮩﭼ روا مءﻮﺳ بﺎﺑ ﺮﮐ هزاﺪﻧا ﺎﮐ تﺎﺑ سا ﻢﮨےءﻮ ﺮﯿﻏ ﺖﺳار هاﺮﺑ ﯽﮐ ﻦﯿﻓاﺮﮔ ﮉﭘوڈ راواﺪﯿﭘ ﮯﺳ ںﻮﻟﻮﯿﮑﯿﻟﺎﻣ هﺪﺷ بﺬﺟ ہﮐ ﮟﯿﮨ ﮯﺘﮑﺳ یءاﺪﺘﺑا ﮏﯾا ﻞﺻارد ۔ﮯﮨ ﯽﺘﮑﺳ ﻮﮨ ﺖﺑﺎﺛ رﺎﮔدﺪﻣ ﮯﯿﻟ ﮯﮐ راواﺪﯿﭘ ﺮﭘ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻞﺻﻮﻣ دﻮﺟﻮﻣ ںﻮﻧود ﺎﯾ نورﻮﺑ ﺎﯾ ﻦﺟوﺮﭨءﺎﻧ ﮭﺗﺎﺳ ﮭﺗﺎﺳ ﮯﮑﺳا روا ﻦﺑرﺎﮐ ﮟﯿﻣ ﺲﺟ ہﻤﻟﺎﺳ ﺮط هدﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﮯﺳ سا ںﻮﮨ ﻦﯿﻓاﺮﮔ ﮉﭘوڈ ﮟﯿﻣ ﺖﻗو روا ﻞﺣاﺮﻣ ﻢﮐ ﺎﺘﺒﺴﻧ ﮯﺳ ںﻮﻘﯾ -ﮯﮨ ﯽﺘﮑﺳ ﺎﺟ ﯽﮐ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ
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122 ﮯﯿﻟ ﮯﮐ ﮯﻧﺮﮐ ﻞﺻٓﺎﺣ ﻦﯿﻓاﺮﮔ ﮯﺳ ﺖﺨﯾر و ﺖﺴﮑﺷ ﯽﮐ (ﯽٰﭩﺴﮑﺳ ۔ﯽﺳ) ہﮐ ﺎﺴﯿﺟ ﻮﺟ ﺪﺼﻘﻣ ﻢﮨا ﮯﯿﻟ سا ،ﺎﮭﺗ هدﺎﯾز ﯽﮭﺑ ﯽﮭﺑا تراﺮﺣ ہﺟرد رﺎﮐرد ﯽﺳ ﻮﮐ ﻦﯿﻓاﺮﮔ ہﮐ ﯽﮭﺑا ﺮﭘ سا ،ﮯﮨ رﺎﮐرد ﮯﯿﻟ ﮯﮐ ﮯﻧﺮﮐ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺮﭘ تراﺮﺣ ہﺟرد ﻢﮐ ﮯﺳ یڈ یو روا ﯽﮭﺗ ﯽﺗﺎﯿﻤﻠﻘﻟا ﺮﯿﺜﮐ ﻦﯿﻓاﺮﮔ یءگ یءﺎﻨﺑ ۔ ﮯﮨ تروﺮﺿ ﯽﮐﮯﻧﺮﮐ مﺎﮐ ﺪﯾﺰﻣ نﺎﻣار روا ،ید ﺖﯿﻗﻮﻓ ﻮﮐ یﺪﻨﺑ رﺎﻄﻗ ﮟﯿﻣ ﺖﻤﺳ ﯽﮐ ﺢﻄﺳ ﯽﺗﺎھد دﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﮯﭽﯿﻧ ﮯﮨ تﺮﭘ ﯽﮨ ﮏﯾا ہﯾ ہﮐ ﻼﭼ ﺎﺘﭘ ﮯﺳ ﯽﭘﻮﮑﺳوﺮﭩﮑﭙﺳ ﮟﯿﻤﻠﻗ ﺎﯾ ﮯﻘﻠﺣ دﺪﻌﺘﻣ ﮟﯿﻣ ﺲﺟ ﮯﺳ تﺮﭘ ﮏﯾا ﻮﮐ راواﺪﯿﭘ ﯽﮐ ﻦﯿﻓاﺮﮔ ﺮﮔا ہﮐ ﮯﮨ ﺎﺘﮑﺳ ﻮﮨ ﻢﮨا ﺖﮩﺑ ہﯾ ۔ﮟﯿﮨ دﻮﺟﻮﻣ ۔ﮟﯾءﺎﺟ ﮯﯿﮐ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ جءﺎﺘﻧ ﺮﺘﮩﺑ ﮯﮐﺮﮐ مﺮﮔ ﺰﯿﺗ روا ےءﺎﺟ ﺎﯿﮐ عوﺮﺷ ﮯﺳ داﻮﻣ ﻢﮐ رﺎﮐ ہﻘﯾﺮط لدﺎﺒﺘﻣ ﮏﯾا ﮯﯿﻟ ﮯﮐ ﮯﻧﺎﻨﺑ ﻮﮐ ﻦﯿﻓاﺮﮔ ﮉﭘوڈ ﮯﻧ ﻢﮨ ﮟﯿﻣ ﻢﺸﺷ بﺎﺑﺮﺧﻻﺎﺑ ﻣ ،ﺎﯿﮐ شﻼﺗ (ﻦﯾا نءﺎﻧ ﯽﭩﻔﻓ ﯽﺳ) ﻦﯾرﻮﻠﻓاﺰﯾا هﺪﺷ بﺬﺟ ﺮﭘ (ااا۔ﺮﭘﺎﮐ)ﺮﭘ رﻮط ﮯﮐ لﺎﺜ ہﮐ ﻼﭼ ﺎﺘﭘ ﮯﺳ ﻦﺸﮑﯾﺮﻓءاڈ ناﺮﭩﮑﯿﻟا ﯽﺟﺮﻧا ﻮﻟ ،ﮯﺳ ﺖﺨﯾر و ﺖﺴﮑﺷ ﯽﺗراﺮﺣ ﯽﮐ ﮯﭽﯿﻧ روا ﮯﮨ ﻞﻤﺘﺸﻣ ﺮﭘ ںﻮﻘﻠﺣ دﺪﻌﺘﻣ ﻦﯿﻓاﺮﮔ یءگ یءﺎﻨﺑ ﮯﺳ ﮯﻘﯾﺮط سا دﻮﺟﻮﻣ ےرﺎﻤﮨ ﻢﮨﺎﺗ ۔ﮯﮨ ﯽﺘﯾد ﺢﯿﺟﺮﺗ ﻮﮐ ﮯﻨھﮍﺑ ﮟﯿﻣ ﺖﻤﺳ ﯽﮐ ﺢﻄﺳ دﻮﺟﻮﻣ ه ﮯﺳ ﯽﭘﻮﮑﺳوﺮﭩﮑﭙﺳ ناﺮﭩﮑﯿﻟا ﻮﭨﻮﻓ ےر ۔ ﺲﮑﯾا ﺐﺳﺎﻨﺗ ﺎﮐ ﻦﺟوﺮﭨءﺎﻧ ﮟﯿﻣ تﺎﺑﺮﺠﺗ سا ﺎﯿﮐ ہﮐ ﮯﯿﻟ ﮯﮐ ﻖﯾﺪﺼﺗ ﯽﮐ تﺎﺑ سا ،ہﺘﺒﻟا ۔ﺎﮭﺗ ﮯﭽﯿﻧ ﮯﺳ ﺪﺣ ﯽﮐ ﮯﻧﺎﮕﻟ ہﺘﭘ ﻦﺟوﺮﭨءﺎﻧ روا نورﻮﺑ ﺎﯿﮐ ہﮐ ہﯾ رواﮯﮨ ﯽﺘﮑﺳﺎﺟ ﯽﮐ رﺎﯿﺗ ﻦﯿﻓاﺮﮔ ﮉﭘوڈ ﮯﺳ ﮯﻘﯾﺮط ﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﺪﯾﺰﻣ ﮯﻧ ﻢﮨ ،ﮯﮨ ﺎﺘﮑﺳ ﺎﺟ ﺎﯿﮐ مﻮﻠﻌﻣ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﺗ ﺎﮐ یءﻮﮨ ﯽﮐ یﺪﻨﺑ ہﺑﻮﺼﻨﻣ ﯽﮐ تﺎ ۔ ۔ﮯﮨ
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123 ﺮﭘ ﮯﺒﻧﺎﺗ ﺎﻔﺼﻣ ﮯﻧ ﻢﮨ ﮟﯿﻣ مرﺎﮩﭼ بﺎﺑ ہﮐ ﻮﺟ ،ﻦﯿﻓاﺮﮔ ﮉﭘوڈ ﻦﺟوﺮﭨءﺎﻧ روا نورﻮﺑ ﻮﮐ ںﻮﮩﺗ ﯽﻤﻟﺎﺳ ﮏﯾ ﻊﻤﺟ ﮯﺳ ﮯﻘﯾﺮط رﺎﮐ دﻮﺧ ﯽﮐ ﻦﯾءازارﻮﺑ لﻮﯾءﺎﮭﺗ ﺎﮐ یءگ یءﺎﻨﺑ ﮯﮐ ﺮﮐ مﺮﮔ ﮟﯿﻣ ﺲﻧﺮﻓ مﻮﯿﮑﯾو ںازا ﺪﻌﺑ روا ﮯﮐﺮﮐزءاﺮﻤﯿﻟﺎﭘ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﺗ ﺎﮐ ﻦﺑرﺎﮐ روا ﻦﺟوﺮﭨءﺎﻧ نورﻮﺑ ﮯﻧ ﻢﮨ ہﭘ رﻮط صﺎﺧ ۔ﺎﯿﮐ ﺶﯿﭘ رﺎﮐ ہﻘﯾﺮط ﮔ ﮉﭘوڈ ہﮐ ﻮﺟ ،ﺎﯿﮐ مﻮﻠﻌﻣ مﻮﻠﻌﻣ ﮯﺳ ﮯﻘﯾﺮط سا ﮟﯿﻣ تﺎﻋﻮﻨﺼﻣ ﯽﻤﺘﺣ ﯽﮐ ﻦﯿﻓاﺮ لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳا ﮟﯿﺗرﺎﮩﻣ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﮯﯿﻟ ﮯﮐ ﮯﻨﭽﻧﺎﺟ رﺎﯿﻌﻣ ﺎﮐ ﻦﯿﻓاﺮﮔ ﮉﭘوڈ ۔ﮯﮨ ﯽﺘﮑﺳﺎﺟ ﯽﮐ ﺮﭘ ںﻮﮩﺗ ﮯﺳ ﺖﮩﺑ هو یءﻮﮨ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﻦﯿﻓاﺮﮔ ﻮﺟ ﺮﭘ رﻮط ﮯﮐ ﮯﺠﯿﺘﻧ ۔ﮟﯾءگ ﯽﮐ ہﺠﯿﺘﻧ ءاﺰﻓا ہﻠﺻﻮﺣ ﮏﯾا ﯽﮔدﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﯽﮐ ﻦﺟوﺮﭨءﺎﻧ روا نورﻮﺑ ﻦﮑﯿﻟ ۔ﯽﮭﺗ ﻞﻤﺘﺸﻣ ےرﺎﻤﮨﻮﺟ ﮯﮨ ،ﮯﯿﻟ ﮯﮐ ﮯﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﮯﮐ ﻞﺒﻘﺘﺴﻣ ۔ﮯﮨ ﺎﺗﺮﮐ ارﻮﭘ ﻮﮐ ﺪﺼﻘﻣ ےﺮﺴﯿﺗ تﺎﻤﻟﺎﺳ هﺪﺷ بﺬﺟ ﮟﯿﻣ ںﻮﺗﺮﭘ یءگ یءﺎﻨﺑ ﮯﺳ رﺎﮐ ہﻘﯾﺮط ےءگ ﮯﯿﮐ نﺎﯿﺑ ﺮﭘوا ﻦﯾءازارﻮﺑ لﻮﯾءﺎﮭﺗ ﻮﺗ ﺎﯾ ،ﺎﮔ ﻮﮨ ﺎﻧﮉﻧﻮھڈ ہﻘﯾﺮط ﺎﮐ ﮯﻧﺮﮐ ﻢﮐ ﻮﮐراﺪﻘﻣ ﯽﮐ ﻦﺑرﺎﮐ ﮟﯿﻣ ءﺎﺟ ﯽﮐ تﺎﻋوﺮﺷ ﮯﺳ ںﻮﮩﺗ ﯽﻤﻟﺎﺳ ﮏﯾ طﻮﻠﺨﻣ ﯽﮐ ﺰﻟﻮﯿﮑﯿﻟﺎﻣ ﮯﭨﻮﮭﭼ روا ﺎﯾ ،ے یدﺎﯿﻨﺑ ہﮐ ﻮﺟ ںﻮﮨ ﻦﺟوﺮﭨءﺎﻧ روا نورﻮﺑ ﮟﯿﻣ ﻦﺟ ﮟﯾءﺎﺟ ﮯﯿﻟ ﮯﻤﻟﺎﺳ ﮯﭨﻮﮭﭼ ﺮﮭﭘ ﺎ ﮐا ں۔ﮟﯿﮑﺳﻮﮨ لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳا ﺮﭘ رﻮط ﮯﮐ یءﺎﮐا ﻢﺠﻨﭘ بﺎﺑ ﮟﯿﻣ یءﺎﻤﯿﮐ و ﺖﺴﮑﺷ ﯽﺗراﺮﺣ ﯽﮐ ںﻮﻤﻟﺎﺳ (ﯽٰﭩﺴﮑﺳ ۔ﯽﺳ) هﺪﺷ بﺬﺟ ﻮﻟ ۔ﮯﮨ یءگ ﯽﮐ ﺖﺣﺎﺿو ﯽﮐ ﻦﯿﻓاﺮﮔ یءگ یءﺎﻨﺑ ﺮﭘ (ااا۔ﺮﭘﺎﮐ) ﮯﺳ ﺖﺨﯾر ناﺮﭩﮑﯿﻟا ﻮﭨﻮﻓ ےر ۔ ﺲﮑﯾا روا ﯽﭘﻮﮑﺳوﺮﭩﮑﭙﺳ نﺎﻣار ،ﻦﺸﮑﯾﺮﻓءاڈ ناﺮﭩﮑﯿﻟا ﯽﺟﺮﻧا ﯽﮐ ﻦﯿﻓاﺮﮔ هدﺮﮐ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﯽﻤﺘﺣ روا داﻮﻣ ﯽﻧﺎﯿﻣرد ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻮﮐ ﯽﭘﻮﮑﺳوﺮﭩﮑﭙﺳ ﯽﮔ اﺎﯿﮔ ﺎﯿﮐ لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳاﮯﯿﻟ ﮯﮐ ﮯﻨﻧﺎﺟ تﺎﯿﺻﻮﺼﺧ
526016-L-bw-Zehra 526016-L-bw-Zehra 526016-L-bw-Zehra 526016-L-bw-Zehra Processed on: 16-11-2018 Processed on: 16-11-2018 Processed on: 16-11-2018
Processed on: 16-11-2018 PDF page: 132PDF page: 132PDF page: 132PDF page: 132
124 بﺬﺟ ﯽﮐ ںﻮﺗﺮﭘ یﮍﺑ ﯽﮐ ﻦﯿﻓاﺮﮔ ﮉﭘوڈ روا ﻦﯿﻓاﺮﮔ ﺪﺼﻘﻣ ﻢﮨا ارﺎﻤﮨ ﮟﯿﻣ ہﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ سا ﺎﯿﮐ ہﮐ ﺎﮭﺗ ﯽﮭﺑ ﺎﻧﺮﮐ شﻼﺗ ہﯾ ﺪﺼﻘﻣ ﮏﯾا ۔ﺎﮭﺗ یرﺎﯿﺗ ﮯﺳ (لﻮﯿﮑﯿﻟﺎﻣ) تﺎﻤﻟﺎﺳ هﺪﺷ ﺎﺴﻣ ﮯﮐ یڈ یو ﯽﺳ ﮯﺳ ﮯﻘﯾﺮط یراواﺪﯿﭘ سا ﯽﮐ رﺎﯿﻌﻣ ﺮﺘﮩﺑ ﯽﮭﺑ ﮯﺳ سا ﺎﯾ یو ﺪﺼﻘﻣ اﺮﺳود ۔ﮯﮨ ﯽﺘﮑﺳ ﺎﺟ ﯽﮐ رﺎﯿﺗ ﺮﭘ تراﺮﺣ ہﺟرد ﻢﮐ ﮯﺳ یڈ یو ﯽﺳ ﻦﯿﻓاﺮﮔ رﺎﯿﺗ ﻦﯿﻓاﺮﮔﺮﭘ ںﻮﺤﻄﺳ ﻞﺻﻮﻣ ﺮﯿﻏ ﮯﺳ رﺎﮐ ہﻘﯾﺮط سا ﺎﯿﮐ ہﮐ ﺎﮭﺗ ﺎﻧﺮﮐ هﺪﮨﺎﺸﻣ ہﯾ ﮯﺳرﺎﮐ ہﻘﯾﺮط سا ﺎﯿﮐ ہﮐ ﺎﮭﺗ ﺎﻧﺮﮐ ﻊﺿاو ہﯾ ﺪﺼﻘﻣ اﺮﺴﯿﺗ روا ؟ ﮯﮨ ﯽﺘﮑﺳ ﺎﺟ ﯽﮐ ﺣ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﻦﯿﻓاﺮﮔ ﮉﭘوڈ ۔ﮯﮨ لﻮﺼ ۔ﮯﮨ لﻮﺼﺣ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﻦﯿﻓاﺮﮔ ﮉﭘوڈ ﯽﮐ ﻦﯿﻓاﺮﮔ ﺮﭘ ﮯﺒﻧﺎﺗ ڈذءاڈءﺎﺴﮐٓاروا ﺎﻔﺼﻣ ﺮﭘ رﻮط ﯽﺗﺎﯿﻗﺮﺑ ﮯﻧ ﻢﮨ ﮟﯿﻣ مءﻮﺳ بﺎﺑ هﺪﺷ ﻊﻤﺟ ﮯﺳ ﮯﻘﯾﺮط رﺎﮐ دﻮﺧ ہﮐ ﻮﺟ ﮯﮨ ﯽﮐ ﺖﺣﺎﺿو ﯽﮐ راواﺪﯿﭘ ١،١ ۔' ۔ لءﺎﻨﯿﻓءﺎﺑ ﮏﯾ ﮯﻠﮩﭘ ﮯﺳ ﺐﺳ ۔یءگ یءﺎﻨﺑ ﮯﺳ ہﮩﺗ ﯽﻤﻟﺎﺳ ﮏﯾ ﯽﮐ لﻮﯾءﺎﮭﺗ ۔ ﮟﯿﻣ ﺲﻧﺮﻓ مﻮﯿﮑﯾو ﮏﯾا ﻮﮐ سا ﺮﮭﭘ روا ﺎﯿﮔ ﺎﯾﺎﻨﺑ ﺮﻤﯿﻟﻮﭘ ﮯﺳ ﯽﻨﺷورﻮﮐ ںﻮﮩﺗ ﯽﻤﻟﺎﺳ ﮯﯿﻟ ﮯﮐ ﻖﯾﺪﺼﺗ ﯽﮐ داﻮﻣ ےءگ ےءﺎﻨﺑ ۔ﺎﯿﮔ ﺎﯿﮐ مﺮﮔ ﮯﯿﻟ ﮯﮐراواﺪﯿﭘ ﯽﮐ ﻦﯿﻓاﺮﮔ ﻮﻓ ،ےر ۔ﺲﮑﯾا ،ﻞﮕﻨﯾا ﭧﮑﯿﭩﻧﻮﮐ ﻼﺜﻣ رﺎﮐ ہﻘﯾﺮط ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ نﺎﻣار روا ناﺮﭩﮑﯿﻟا ﻮﭨ ﯽﭘﻮﮑﺳوﺮﮑﯾءﺎﻣ ناﺮﭩﮑﯿﻟا ﻦﺸﻤﺴﻧاﺮﭨ روا ناﺮﭩﮑﯿﻟا ﮓﻨﯿﮑﺳ ،ﯽﭘﻮﮑﺳوﺮﭩﮑﭙﺳ ﺎﻔﺼﻣرﺎﻌﯿﻣ ﺎﮐ ﻦﯿﻓاﺮﮔ یءگ یءﺎﻨﺑ ﺮﭘ ﮯﺒﻧﺎﺗ ڈﺬﯾءاڈءﺎﺴﮐٓا ۔ ﮟﯾءگ ﯽﮐ لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳا ﺎﮭﮑﯾد ﮯﻧ ﻢﮨ هوﻼﻋ ﮯﮐ سا ۔ﺎﮭﺗ ﺮﺘﮩﺑ ﮯﺳ ﻦﯿﻓاﺮﮔ یءگ یءﺎﻨﺑ ﺮﭘ تﺮﭘ ﯽﮐ ﮯﺒﻧﺎﺗ ءﺎﻨﺑ ﺮﭘ قرو ﮯﮐ ﮯﺒﻧﺎﺗ ﺎﻔﺼﻣ ہﮐ ﯽﮐ قرو ﮏﺗ ﺪﺣ ﺖﮩﺑرﺎﻌﯿﻣ ﺎﮐ ﻦﯿﻓاﺮﮔ یءگ ی ﯽﮐ ﻦﯿﻓاﺮﮔ ﮯﺳ ظﺎﺤﻟ ﮯﮐ ﺪﺻﺎﻘﻣ ےرﺎﻤﮨ ۔ﺎﮭﺗ ﺮﺼﺤﻨﻣ ﯽﮭﺑ ﺮﭘ ﺖﻤﺳ ﯽﺗﺎﻤﯿﻠﻗ ،ﮯﮨ ﯽﮐ ﯽﮨﺪﻧﺎﺸﻧ ﯽﮐ ﮯﻘﯾﺮط نﺎﺳٓا ﮏﯾا ﮯﻧ ﻢﮨ ﮯﯿﻟ ﮯﮐراواﺪﯿﭘﺮﭘ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻞﺻﻮﻣﺮﯿﻏ تراﺮﺣ ہﺟرد ﻮﺟ ﮯﯿﻟ ﮯﮐ ﮯﻧﺮﮐ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﻦﯿﻓاﺮﮔ ﯽﮐ رﺎﯿﻌﻣ ﮯﮭﭼا ﮏﯾا ﻦﮑﯿﻟ ط ﮯﮐ یڈ یو ﯽﺳ هو ﺎﮭﺗ یروﺮﺿ ۔ﮟﯿﮩﻧ ﻢﮐ ﮯﺳ ﻦﯿﻓاﺮﮔ هدﺮﮐ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﮯﺳ ہﻘﯾﺮ
526016-L-bw-Zehra 526016-L-bw-Zehra 526016-L-bw-Zehra 526016-L-bw-Zehra Processed on: 16-11-2018 Processed on: 16-11-2018 Processed on: 16-11-2018
Processed on: 16-11-2018 PDF page: 133PDF page: 133PDF page: 133PDF page: 133
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