Cover Page
The handle http://hdl.handle.net/1887/43099 holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation
Author: Jansen, Maarten
Title: The wisdom of Virgil : the Aeneid, its commentators, and the organization of knowledge in early modern scholarship
Issue Date: 2016-09-20
The Wisdom of Virgil
The Aeneid, Its Commentators, and the Organization of Knowledge in Early Modern Scholarship
PROEFSCHRIFT
TER VERKRIJGING VAN
DE GRAAD VAN DOCTOR AAN DE UNIVERSITEIT LEIDEN, OP GEZAG VAN RECTOR MAGNIFICUS PROF. MR.C.J.J.M.STOLKER,
VOLGENS BESLUIT VAN HET COLLEGE VOOR PROMOTIES TE VERDEDIGEN OP DINSDAG 20 SEPTEMBER 2016
KLOKKE 16.15 UUR
DOOR
Maarten Hubert Kees Jansen
GEBOREN TE ’S-GRAVENHAGE IN 1984
Promotiecommissie Promotoren
Prof. dr. Ineke Sluiter (Universiteit Leiden)
Prof. dr. Craig Kallendorf (Texas A&M University) Leden
Dr. Susanna de Beer (Universiteit Leiden) Prof. dr. Mariken Teeuwen (Universiteit Utrecht) Prof. dr. Arnoud Visser (Universiteit Utrecht Prof. dr. Antje Wessels (Universiteit Leiden)
Omslagillustratie: Salomon Koninck (1609-1656), ‘Een geleerde in zijn studeerkamer’ (1635-1656; olieverf op paneel). Rijksmusem Amsterdam.
Gedrukt door CPI – Koninklijke Wöhrmann - Zutphen Copyright © 2016 M.H.K. Jansen
TABLEOFCONTENTS
List of illustrations ...vi
Acknowledgments ... vii
1. Introduction ... 1
1. Commentaries ... 1
2. Latin Renaissance Commentaries on Virgil’s Aeneid ... 1
2.1 The Commentary as a Genre: What Makes a Commentary? ... 3
2.2 The ‘Renaissance Commentary’? ... 7
3. The Virgilian Commentary and Early Modern Knowledge Management ... 9
4. Research Topic and Research Questions ... 11
4.1 Set-up of the Book ... 12
5. An Introductory Example: A. 1.257-296 (Jupiter’s Speech) ... 13
6. The Virgilian Tradition: A Diachronic Perspective on Virgilian Commentaries ... 20
6.1 Classical Antiquity... 20
6.2 The Middle Ages ... 23
6.3 Virgil in Early Modern Education ... 25
7. The Latin Renaissance Virgil Commentary: Status Quaestionis ... 26
8. Methodological Considerations... 30
9. Corpus ... 35
9.1 Core Commentaries ... 36
10. Terminology, Orthography, Sources ... 36
2. A Case-based view on Grammar, Rhetoric and Poetical Theory in Renaissance Latin Commentaries on Virgil’s Aeneid... 39
1. Introduction: Poetry and the Task of the Grammarian ... 39
1.1 Set-up of this Chapter ... 41
2. The Educational Context of the Aeneid-commentary... 41
2.1 Cristoforo Landino: the Allegorical Commentary ... 41
2.2 Jacobus Pontanus: a Jesuit Commentary ... 44
2.3 Two School Commentaries: Thomas Farnaby and Charles de la Rue .... 49
3. Poetics: A. 1.1a-d, Ille ego...: Jacobus Pontanus on A. 1.1a-1d Ille ego and the Conventions of Genre ... 54
4. Grammar: A. 1.2 Italiam and Etymology ... 61
6. Rhetoric: A. 1.4 vi and Tiberius Claudius Donatus ... 72
7. Poetics: A. 1.8 Musa and the furor poeticus ... 76
8. Conclusion ... 82
3. Juan Luis de La Cerda on the Roman Toga: Classical Antiquity in a Renaissance Commentary ... 85
1. Introduction ... 85
2. The Early Modern View of the (Classical) Past ... 85
3. Juan Luis de La Cerda (1558-1643) ... 89
4. A First Look at La Cerda and the Roman Toga ... 90
5. A. 1.282: the Roman Toga ... 94
6. Classical Antiquity in La Cerda’s commentary ... 104
7. A ‘modern commentary’? ... 113
8. Viewing the Classical World: the Antiquarian Movement. ... 118
9. Conclusion ... 121
10. Appendix: La Cerda on the Roman toga ... 123
4. The Virgilian Commentary and the Rise of the Sciences ... 127
1. Introduction ... 127
1.1 Organization of this Chapter ... 128
1.2 Terminology ... 129
Part 1: The Scientific Disciplines ... 130
2. The Scientific Disciplines in the Classical, Medieval and Early Modern World. ... 130
2.1 Key Features of Modern Science ... 132
2.2 The Classical Study of Nature and its Reception in the Medieval and Early Modern Era. ... 135
3. Early Modern Science and the Humanities... 148
Part 2: Early Modern Aeneid-commentaries ... 151
4. The Sciences in Early Modern Commentaries on the Aeneid: Introduction .... ... 151
4.1 The Philosophy of Nature... 153
4.2 The quadrivium: Astronomy ... 159
4.3 Natural History ... 193
5. Conclusion ... 200
6. Appendix: Jean Regnault, part from the preface to Traduction de l’Éneide de
Virgile (1681) ... 202
5. The Commentary and the Reader: Reader Annotations and Knowledge Organization ... 205
1. Introduction ... 205
1.1 Annotation in Renaissance Commentaries ... 206
1.2 Introduction to the Case Studies ... 209
2. The Reader: Case Studies of Annotated Aeneid-commentaries ... 211
2.1 Restructuring the Text ... 213
2.2 Bringing Knowledge to the Text ... 226
2.3 Emending the Text through Comparison of Editions ... 240
2.4 Destroying the Text: Coetier (1647-1723) ... 243
2.5 The Commentary as a Proto-Encyclopedia: Broekhuizen (1649-1707) 251 3. Conclusion ... 258
6. General Conclusion ... 261
Bibliography ... 267
Index Locorum Aeneidos... 287
Nederlandse samenvatting ... 289
Curriculum Vitae ... 299
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
1-3 P. Virgilii Maronis Aeneidos libri sex priores (Cologne, 1628) (Google Books; originally from Bayerische Staatsbibliothek).
4. Celestial equator and ecliptic [CC BY-SA 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons).
5. A print of the copperplate engraving for Johann Bayer’s Uranometria (1661), showing the constellation Orion (courtesy of the United States Naval Observatory Library, via Wikimedia Commons).
6. The constellation Orion [CC BY-SA 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons).
7. The Sun’s apparent position in the Zodiac (copyrightAddison Wesley Longman).
8a Earth’s orbital motion (copyright L. McNish of RASC Calgary).
8b. Earth’s orbit: Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn. Illustration. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Web. 08 Jun. 2016. (courtesy of Encyclopædia Britannica® Online).
9-41. Various annotated volumes from the collection of Leiden University Library.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Far and away the best prize that life has to offer is the chance to work hard at work worth doing.
– Theodore Roosevelt
Many people and institutions have contributed to the realization of this thesis. The research for this dissertation was partly funded by the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) as part of the research program ‘The New Management of Knowledge in the Early Modern Period: The Transmission of Classical Latin Literature via Neo-Latin Commentaries’ (directed by Karl Enenkel).
I am particularly grateful for the support from Ineke Sluiter’s Spinoza-grant for funding the final year of my research and for enabling me to visit Craig Kallendorf at Texas A&M University in September 2013. In addition, I would like to thank the o.t. board of the Leiden Centre for the Arts in Society (LUCAS), Kitty Zijlmans, Frans-Willem Korsten and Korrie Korevaart, for their enduring support for my research project. In addition to my work as a scholar, I have greatly enjoyed combining the vita contemplativa of academic research with the vita activa of university policy through my membership of the University Council of Leiden University (2010-2013).
This dissertation could not have been completed without the support of my supervisors Ineke Sluiter and Craig Kallendorf. I have profited greatly from their stimulating and generous criticism, as well as their enthusiasm and encouragement.
In these past years, I have also benefited from the fruitful discussion of my research with scholars both from Leiden and abroad. I would especially like to express my gratitude to my former colleagues at the Leiden Classics department and my fellow PhD-students at LUCAS. I also wish to thank all those who have been so attentive as to always inquire after the progress of my research, especially my family and friends, and my colleagues at Pels Rijcken.
Among the many good things that studying and doing research at Leiden has brought me, is the friendship of my ‘paranymphs’, Han Lamers and Coen Maas.
Inside and outside academia they have proven to be reliable friends and brothers- in-arms. Having been raised in a house full of books and learning, I owe much gratitude to my parents and my brother Geerten for their lasting support for my academic and professional endeavors in life. Finally, these past few years of my (academic) life have been infinitely more pleasant because of the cheerful and encouraging presence of Wieneke, sine qua non.
