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University of Groningen

Mental Fatigue and Motivation

Herlambang, Mega Bagus

DOI:

10.33612/diss.135819347

IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from it. Please check the document version below.

Document Version

Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record

Publication date: 2020

Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research database

Citation for published version (APA):

Herlambang, M. B. (2020). Mental Fatigue and Motivation: Effects and mechanisms. Rijksuniversiteit Groningen. https://doi.org/10.33612/diss.135819347

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Mental Fatigue and Motivation

Effects and mechanisms

Mega Bagus Herlambang

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Mental fatigue and motivation

Effects and mechanisms

Mega Bagus Herlambang PhD Thesis

Cognitive Modeling,

Bernoulli Institute for Mathematics, Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, University of Groningen

October 2020

Cover design: Zaenudin Zanno, zannoism.com Layout design: Proefschriftmaken

Printing: Proefschriftmaken ISBN: 978-94-6380-978-8

The research reported in this thesis was performed in the research group of Cognitive Modeling, Bernoulli Institute for Mathematics, Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence of The University of Groningen (The Netherlands), according to the requirements of the Graduate School of Science and Engineering. This research was funded by Lembaga Pengelola Dana Pendidikan (LPDP), Ministry of Finance, Republic of Indonesia.

©2020 Mega Bagus Herlambang

All rights reserved. No part of this thesis may be reproduced, stored, or transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior permission of the copyright holder, or when applicable, of the publishers of the scientific papers.

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Mental Fatigue and Motivation

Effects and Mechanisms

PhD thesis

to obtain the degree of PhD at the University of Groningen

on the authority of the Rector Magnificus Prof. C. Wijmenga

and in accordance with the decision by the College of Deans. This thesis will be defended in public on Tuesday 27 October 2020 at 12.45 hours

by

Mega Bagus Herlambang

born on 10 March 1988 in Semarang, Indonesia

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Supervisor

Prof. N.A. Taatgen

Co-supervisor

Dr. F. Cnossen

Assessment Committee

Prof. K.A. Brookhuis Prof. D. Van Der Linden Prof. P.A. Hancock

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Table of contents

Chapter 1 – Introduction 11

1.1. Research questions 14

1.2. Approach of the thesis 14 1.3. Overview of the thesis 16

Chapter 2 - The Role of Motivation as A Factor in Mental

Fatigue 21 Abstract 22 2.1. Introduction 23 2.2. Method 24 2.2.1. Participants 24 2.2.2. Experimental task 24 2.2.3. Apparatus 26 2.2.4. Measures 27 2.2.5. Procedure 28 2.2.6. Statistical Analysis 29 2.3. Results 30 2.3.1. Subjective measures 30 2.3.2. Performance measures 31 2.3.3. Physiological measures 33 2.4. Discussion 39 2.5. Funding 40

Chapter 3 - The Effects of Intrinsic Motivation on Mental

Fatigue 43 Abstract 44 3.1. Introduction 45 3.2. Method 47 3.2.1. Participants 47 3.2.2. Procedure 48 3.2.3. Task 48 3.2.4. Materials 49 3.2.5. Measures 50 3.2.6. Statistical Analysis 52 3.3. Results 52 3.3.1. Subjective measures 53 3.3.2. Performance measures 56 3.3.3. Physiological measures 57 3.4. Discussion 62

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3.4.2. Extrinsic and intrinsic motivation 64

3.5. Funding 65

Chapter 4 - Modeling Motivation Using Goal Competition in

Mental Fatigue Studies 69

Abstract 70

4.1. Introduction 71

4.1.1. Fatigue and motivation 71 4.1.2. PRIMs cognitive architecture 72 4.2. Building the cognitive models 76

4.2.1. Vowel task 76

4.2.2. Monitoring task 82

4.2.3. N-back task 85

4.2.4. Goal activation value adjustment 87

4.3. Discussion 88

4.3.1. Goal activation and performance 89 4.3.2. Operator firing and effort 89 4.3.3. Goal competition, motivation, and resources 90 4.3.4. Limitation, challenge, and future research 91

4.4. Funding 91

4.5. Supplementary materials 91

Chapter 5 - Discussion 95

5.1. Main findings 96

5.1.1. Extrinsic motivation and mental fatigue 96 5.1.2. Intrinsic motivation and mental fatigue 97 5.1.3. Cognitive models of mental fatigue 97 5.2. Motivation and resources 98 5.3. Implication of the models 100 5.4. Practical implications 101 5.5. Limitations and future research 103

References 107

Summary 119

Samenvatting 121

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