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RB Verordening Speelautomatenhal Asten 2019

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(1)

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&# YVKKRG[ZUSGZKTNGR/ KKT OTXOINZOTM! HKYZKSJ US NKZ V[HROKQ MKRKMKTNKOJ ZK MK\KT KKT YVKR JUUX SOJJKR \GT YVKKRG[ZUSGZKT ZK HKUKLKTKT! GRY HKJUKRJ OT GXZOQKR (% I!

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(# YVKKRG[ZUSGGZ/ KKT ZUKYZKR! OTMKXOINZ \UUX JK HKUKLKTOTM \GT KKT YVKR! JGZ HKYZGGZ [OZ KKT JUUX JK YVKRKX OT ]KXQOTM MKYZKRJ SKINGTOYIN! KRKQZXOYIN UL KRKQZXUTOYIN VXUIKY! ]GGXHOP NKZ XKY[RZGGZ QGT RKOJKT ZUZ JK SOJJKRROPQK UL UTSOJJKRROPQK [OZQKXOTM

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JGGXZUK MKHUJKT SOJJKRKT GLNGTMZ UL KT OT ]KRQK SGZK JK YVKRJ[[X \KXRKTMJ UL NKZ XKINZ UV MXGZOY YVKRKT \KXQXKMKT ]UXJZ0

*# QGTYYVKRG[ZUSGGZ/ KKT YVKKRG[ZUSGGZ! JOK MKKT HKNKTJOMNKOJYG[ZUSGGZ OY0 +# JK ]KZ/ JK DKZ UV JK QGTYYVKRKT#

,# HKNKKXJKX/ JK TGZ[[XROPQK VKXYUUT UL VKXYUTKT JOK SKZ NKZ JGMKROPQY ZUK`OINZ KT JK UTSOJJKRROPQK RKOJOTM OT JK YVKKRG[ZUSGZKTNGR OY HKRGYZ0

-# UTJKXTKSKX/ JK TGZ[[XROPQK UL XKINZYVKXYUUT JOK JK YVKKRG[ZUSGZKTNGR!

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.# UVKTHGXK ]KM/ GRRK \UUX NKZ UVKTHGGX XOP" UL GTJKX \KXQKKX UVKTYZGGTJK ]KMKT UL VGJKT! JGGXUTJKX HKMXKVKT JK JGGXOT MKRKMKT HX[MMKT KT J[OQKXY! JK ZUZ JOK ]KMKT UL VGJKT HKNUXKTJK HKXSKT KT `OPQGTZKT! GRYSKJK QGSVKKXVRGGZYKT KT JK GGT JK ]KMKT UL VGJKT ROMMKTJK KT GRY `UJGTOM GGTMKJ[OJK VGXQKKXZKXXKOTKT0

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&# 7KZ OY \KXHUJKT `UTJKX \KXM[TTOTM \GT JK H[XMKSKKYZKX KKT YVKKRG[ZUSGZKTNGR ZK

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)# 4K H[XMKSKKYZKX QGT JK \KXM[TTOTM YRKINZY \KXRKTKT \UUX KKT YVKKRG[ZUSGZKTNGR TGJGZ GGT VUZKTZObRK MKMGJOMJKT JUUX JK H[XMKSKKYZKX MKJ[XKTJK KKT TGJKX HOP HKRKOJYXKMKRY JUUX NKS \GYZ ZK YZKRRKT VKXOUJK MKRKMKTNKOJ OY MKMK\KT KKT GGT\XGGM US KKT \KXM[TTOTM OT ZK JOKTKT KT JGGXSKK SKK ZK JOTMKT TGGX JK \KXM[TTOTM#

*# 4K H[XMKSKKYZKX SGGQZ! \UUXGLMGGTJ GGT JK OT NKZ JKXJK ROJ HKJUKRJK VKXOUJK! JUUX

\GYZYZKRROTM \GT HKRKOJYXKMKRY HKQKTJ UV ]KRQK ]OP`K KT UV ]KRQ SUSKTZ JK OT NKZ

\UXOMK ROJ HKJUKRJK MKRKMKTNKOJ ZUZ SKJKJOTMOTM ]UXJZ MKHUJKT#

+# 8T JK ZK \KXRKTKT \KXM[TTOTM ]UXJZ HKVGGRJ NUK\KKR QGTYYVKRG[ZUSGZKT HOTTKT JK YVKKRG[ZUSGZKTNGR GGT]K`OM SUMKT `OPT# 7KZ ZUZGRK GGTZGR QGTYYVKRG[ZUSGZKT ]UXJZ

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'# 1GT\XGMKX NKKLZ KKT ZKXSOPT \GT `KY ]KQKT \GTGL JK JGM \GT HKQKTJSGQOTM US KKT GGT\XGGM OT ZK JOKTKT#

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*# 2OP KKT UT\URRKJOMK GGT\XGGM QXOPMZ JK GGT\XGMKX KKT XKJKROPQK ZKXSOPT \GT `KY ]KQKT US `OPT GGT\XGGM GGT ZK \[RRKT#

+# <G NKZ \KXYZXOPQKT \GT JK GGT\[RROTMYZKXSOPT JGT]KR TG NKZ UT\URRKJOM GGT\[RRKT \GT JK GGT\XGGM OY NKZ TOKZ SKKX SUMKROPQ GGT\[RRKTJK MKMK\KTY OT ZK JOKTKT#

,# 4K UTJKXTKSKX JOKTZ HOP JK GGT\XGGM NKZ \URMKTJK ZK U\KXRKMMKT/

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G# 4K VKXYUTGROG \GT JK GGT\XGMKX OT TGZ[[XROPQK VKXYUUT! OTJOKT GGT\XGMKX KKT XKINZYVKXYUUT OY! JK MKMK\KTY \GT GRRK GGTJKKRNU[JKXY "OTJOKT JOZ UUQ

XKINZYVKXYUTKT `OPT/ GRRK MKMK\KTY ZUZ JK TGZ[[XROPQK VKXYUUT" KT JK HKNKKXJKX Y !

\UUX`OKT \GT KKT QUVOK \GT KKT MKRJOM RKMOZOSGZOKHK]OPY#

H# KKT HK]OPY \GT OTYINXOP\OTM HOP JK 9GSKX \GT QUUVNGTJKR! TOKZ U[JKX JGT + SGGTJKT0

I# KKT \KXQRGXOTM USZXKTZ NKZ MKJXGM! TOKZ U[JKX JGT ( SGGTJKT! \GT JK UTJKXTKSKX JGT ]KR! OTJOKT JK UTJKXTKSKX KKT XKINZYVKXYUUT OY! \GT JK XKINZYVKXYUUT `KRL KT UUQ \GT JKMKTK T JOK JK UTJKXTKSOTM QXGINZKTY JK YZGZ[ZKT \KXZKMKT]UUXJOMZ KT KT \GT JK HKNKKXJKX Y \GT JK YVKKRG[ZUSGZKTNGR0

J# KKT \URRKJOM OTMK\[RJ KT UTJKXZKQKTJ \XGMKTLUXS[ROKX OT NKZ QGJKX \GT JK DKZ HK\UXJKXOTM OTZKMXOZKOZYHKUUXJKROTMKT JUUX NKZ UVKTHGGX HKYZ[[X! `UGRY JGZ ]UXJZ MKNGTZKKXJ JUUX JK 9GTYYVKRG[ZUXOZKOZ#

K# KKT TG[]QK[XOMK HKYINXOP\OTM \GT JK OTXOINZOTM ]GGXHOP OY UVMKTUSKT JK UVVKX\RGQZK JGGX\GT! GRYSKJK KKT VRGZZKMXUTJ ]GGXOT OY GGTMKMK\KT UV ]KRQK VRGGZY OT JK YVKKRG[ZUSGZKTNGR KT OT ]KRQ GGTZGR JK QGTYYVKRKT KT$UL HKNKTJOMNKOJYG[ZUSGZKT ]UXJKT UVMKYZKRJ0

L# KKT HK]OPY ]GGX[OZ HROPQZ ]GZ JK ZUZGRK OT\KYZKXOTM OY KT JGZ JK`K SKZ \URJUKTJK

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M# KKT VRGT ]GGXOT ]UXJZ HKYINXK\KT ]KRQK SGGZXKMKRKT JK K^VRUOZGTZ TKKSZ ZKX HKYINKXSOTM \GT JK UVKTHGXK UXJK! \KOROMNKOJ! NKZ ]UUT" KT RKKLQROSGGZ KT JK MK`UTJNKOJ ]GGXUTJKX JK ]OP`K ]GGXUV ZUKMGTMYIUTZXURK VRGGZY\OTJZ0

N# KKT VRGT ]GGXOT ]UXJZ HKYINXK\KT ]KRQK SGGZXKMKRKT JK GGT\XGMKX TKKSZ ZKX VXK\KTZOK KT HKYZXOPJOTM \GT MUQ\KXYRG\OTM KT JK ]OP`K ]GGXUV NOP JK MKJXGMY" KT XKIRGSKIUJK \UUX QGTYYVKRKT TGRKKLZ0

O# KKT VRGT ]GGXOT ]UXJZ HKYINXK\KT UV ]KRQK ]OP`K JK YVKKRG[ZUSGZKTNGR VGYZ HOTTKT JK USMK\OTM SKZ JGGXOT \UUX `U\KX KX YZXOPJOMNKOJ OY SKZ NKZ HKYZKSSOTMYVRGT NKZ

\KX`UKQ US KKT VXOTIOVK GQQUUXJ \GT NKZ IURRKMK JGZ `OP \UUXTKSKTY OY SKJK]KXQOTM ZK \KXRKTKT GGT JK X[OSZKROPQK VXUIKJ[XK! TUJOM US JK SKZ NKZ HKYZKSSOTMYVRGT YZXOPJOMK K^VRUOZGZOK UL \KYZOMOTM \GT JK YVKKRG[ZUSGZKTNGR UV ZK NKLLKT# 4OZ VXOTIOVK GQQUUXJ JOKTZ \ddX JK KOTJJGZ[S \UUX NKZ OTJOKTKT \GT JK YZ[QQKT ZKT HKNUK\K \GT JK JKKRTGSK GGT JK \KXMKROPQKTJK ZUKZY ZK `OPT \KXQXKMKT0

P# 5KT SUZO\KXOTM ]GGX[OZ JK SKKX]GGXJK I#W# ZUKMK\UKMJK ]GGXJK \GT JK YVKKRG[ZUSGZKTNGR \UUX JK MKSKKTZK 1YZKT HROPQZ0

Q# KKT HK]OPY \GT ROJSGGZYINGV \GT JK UTJKXTKSKX HOP C1< 9GTYYVKRKT

2XGTINKUXMGTOYGZOK! KKT YINXOLZKROPQ HK]OPYYZ[Q ]GGXSKK JK UTJKXTKSKX GGTTKSKROPQ SGGQZ OT NKZ KKXYZK PGGX \GT JK K^VRUOZGZOK \GT JK YVKKRG[ZUSGZKTNGR NKZ

ROJSGGZYINGV \GT JK C1< 9GTYYVKRKT 2XGTINKUXMGTOYGZOK ZK `[RRKT \KXQXOPMKT UL KKT YINXOLZKROPQK KT MKSUZO\KKXJK \KXQRGXOTM JOK GGTZUUTZ JGZ JK HKUUMJK HKJXOPLY\UKXOTM OT Q]GROZGZOK\K `OT MKROPQ]GGXJOM OY GGT JK KOYKT JOK \KXHUTJKT `OPT GGT NKZ C1<"

ROJSGGZYINGV# 8T JK`K MKROPQ]GGXJOMNKOJY\KXQRGXOTM SUKZ OT OKJKX MK\GR MKSUZO\KKXJ

`OPT [OZKKT MK`KZ UL JK HKJXOPLY\UKXOTM \URJUKZ GGT JK KOYKT JOK JK C1<

UTJKXTKSKXYIUJK NOKXGGT YZKRZ \GYZMKYZKRJ OT JK 1RMKSKTK :KJKT\KXMGJKXOTM \GT '+ SGGXZ '%&) 0

R# KKT GLYINXOLZ \GT NKZ 3KXZOLOIGGZ 1S[YKSKTZYIKTZXG \GT JK 459?1! KKT YINXOLZKROPQ HK]OPYYZ[Q ]GGXSKK JK UTJKXTKSKX GGTTKSKROPQ SGGQZ OT NKZ KKXYZK PGGX \GT JK K^VRUOZGZOK \GT JK YVKKRG[ZUSGZKTNGR KKT 3KXZOLOIGGZ 1S[YKSKTZYIKTZXG \GT JK 459?1 ZK `[RRKT \KXQXOPMKT UL KKT YINXOLZKROPQ MKSUZO\KKXJK \KXQRGXOTM ]GGX[OZ HROPQZ

(4)

S#

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JGZ JK HKUUMJK HKJXOPLY\UKXOTM OT Q]GROZGZOK\K `OT MKROPQ]GGXJOM OY GGT JK KOYKT JOK JK 459?1 NOKXGGT YZKRZ0

NKZ HK]OPYYZ[Q GRY HKJUKRJ OT GXZOQKR + \GT JK ?KMKROTM ]KX\OTM! XKIRGSK KT

\KXYRG\OTMYVXK\KTZOK QGTYYVKRKT 7KZ 66E <KJKXRGTJ IKXZOLOIGGZ

\KXYRG\OTMYVXUHRKSGZOKQ \UUX YVKKRG[ZUSGZKTIKTZXG \GT JK OT JK \KXM[TTOTM HKTUKSJK HKNKKXJKXY0

SOZY GGT]K`OM/ KKT GLYINXOLZ \GT GRRK K\KTZ[KKR KKXJKX \KXRKKTJK \KXM[TTOTMKT \UUX KKT YVKKRG[ZUSGZKTNGR! K^IR[YOKL HOPRGMKT JOK UV TGGS `OPT MKYZKRJ \GT JK

UTJKXTKSKX OT JK GLMKRUVKT &% PGGX! UL GTJKX JUI[SKTZ ]GGX[OZ KX\GXOTM \GT JK UTJKXTKSKX OT JK YVKKRG[ZUSGZKTNGRRKTHXGTINK HROPQZ0

KKT GLYINXOLZ \GT JK K^VRUOZGZOK\KXM[TTOTM \KXQXKMKT UV MXUTJ \GT JK DKZ UV JK 9GTYYVKRKT JOKTZ ZK ]UXJKT ZUKMK\UKMJ0

-# 4K H[XMKSKKYZKX QGT TUM TGJKXK KOYKT YZKRRKT GGT JK OT ZK JOKTKT HKYINKOJKT JGT ]KR GGT\[RRKTJK MKMK\KTY TOKZ KKXJKX MKTUKSJ OT NKZ QGJKX \GT JK OTXOINZOTM \GT JK YVKKRG[ZUSGZKTNGR! UVKTHGXK UXJK KT \KOROMNKOJ KT JK VXK\KTZOK \GT

MUQ\KXYRG\OTM#

,NPFHBI & -BOIFOPBNJFGK

&# 7KZ HK\UKMJK HKYZ[[XYUXMGGT UL HK\UKMJ MK`GM HKYROYZ UV KKT GGT\XGGM \UUX KKT

\KXM[TTOTM UL UTZNKLLOTM HOTTKT Z]GGRL ]KQKT TG JK JGZ[S \GT UTZ\GTMYZ \GT JK GGT\XGGM#

'# 7KZ HK\UKMJK HKYZ[[XYUXMGGT UL HK\UKMJ MK`GM QGT JK ZKXSOPT \UUX ZKT NUUMYZK Z]GGRL ]KQKT \KXJGMKT#

(# 7KZ MKYZKRJK OT NKZ KKXYZK KT Z]KKJK ROJ MKRJZ TOKZ \UUX `U\KX KRJKXY OT JK`K

\KXUXJKTOTM GTJKXY OY HKVGGRJ#

)# >GXGMXGGL )#&#(#(# \GT JK 1RMKSKTK ]KZ HKYZ[[XYXKINZ VUYOZOK\K LOIZOK\K HKYINOQQOTM HOP TOKZ ZOPJOM HKYROYYKT OY TOKZ \GT ZUKVGYYOTM#

*# DGTTKKX HOP KKT \GT JK GGT\XGMKT GGT\[RRKTJK MKMK\KTY TUUJ`GQKROPQ `OPT ]UXJZ JK ZKXSOPT OT GL]OPQOTM SKZ ROJ ' UVMKYINUXZ ZUZ ZKT NUUMYZK &- ]KQKT#

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,NPFHBI ' ;BNDQKKFKD

&# 4K \KXM[TTOTM OY RUIGZOK " KT XKINZY VKXYUUTYMKHUTJKT KT TOKZ U\KXJXGGMHGGX KT QGT [OZYR[OZKTJ ]UXJKT MKYZKRJ ZKT TGSK \GT JK UTJKXTKSKX#

5KT GGTJKRKTZXGTYGIZOK! OTJOKT JK \KXM[TTOTM OY \KXRKKTJ GGT KKT XKINZYVKXYUUT!

]UXJZ OT JK`K \KXUXJKTOTM MKROPQ MKYZKRJ SKZ KKT ]OP`OMOTM \GT JK UTJKXTKSKX JUUX OTJOXKIZK U\KXJXGINZ \GT JK \KXM[TTOTM! ZKT MK\URMK ]GGX\GT JK \KXM[TTOTM QUSZ ZK

\KX\GRRKT#

8T JK \KXM[TTOTM ]UXJZ ZK\KTY JK TGGS \GT JK HKNKKXJKX Y \KXSKRJ#

1GT JK \KXM[TTOTM ]UXJKT \UUXYINXOLZKT KT HKVKXQOTMKT \KXHUTJKT# 4K`K NKHHKT OT KRQ MK\GR HKZXKQQOTM UV/

G# JK UVKTOTMY" KT YR[OZOTMYZOPJKT \GT JK YVKKRG[ZUSGZKTNGR0 NKZ ZUK`OINZ OT JK YVKKRG[ZUSGZKTNGR0

NKZ GGTZGR YVKKRG[ZUSGZKT KT YVKRKXYVRGGZYKT OT JK YVKKRG[ZUSGZKTNGR JGZ SGM ]UXJKT UVMKYZKRJ UL GGT]K`OM SGM `OPT#

7KZ Z_VK YVKKRG[ZUSGZKT JGZ SGM ]UXJKT UVMKYZKRJ! ]UXJZ \GYZMKRKMJ OT JK

\KXM[TTOTM0

JK K^VRUOZGZOK \GT JK NGR0 JK OTXOINZOTM \GT JK NGR0 H#

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(5)

M# NKZ TKSKT \GT SGGZXKMKRKT JUUX JK \KXM[TTOTMNU[JKX US MUQ\KXYRG\OTM HOP QGTYYVKRKXY ZKMKT ZK MGGT KT$UL ZK HKVKXQKT#

N# JK RKMOZOSGZOK\KXVROINZOTM \UUX HK`UKQKXY \GT JK OTXOINZOTM! NKZ OY JK

\KXM[TTOTMNU[JKX \KXHUJKT VKXYUTKT ZUKMGTM ZK \KXRKTKT ZUZ JK

YVKKRG[ZUSGZKTNGR JOK JK RKKLZOPJ \GT &- PGGX TUM TOKZ NKHHKT HKXKOQZ! UL ]GGX\GT TOKZ UV JK[MJKROPQK ]OP`K OY \GYZMKYZKRJ JGZ JK`K JK RKKLZOPJ \GT &- PGGX NKHHKT HKXKOQZ#

*# 4K \KXM[TTOTMGGT\XGGM ]UXJZ OT KRQ MK\GR HKUUXJKKRJ UV/

G# UVKTHGXK UXJK SUZOK\KT0 H# OTLXGYZX[IZ[[X0

I# \RUKXUVVKX\RGQZK \GT JK YVKKRG[ZUSGZKTNGR0

J# HKRKOJ UV \UUXQUSKT \GT \KXYRG\OTM JUUX JK GGT\XGMKX KT K^VRUOZGTZ#

+# 4K \KXM[TTOTMNU[JKX \KXQXOPMZ HOTTKT KKT ZKXSOPT \GT SG^OSGGR & PGGX TG OTMKHX[OQTGSK \GT JK YVKKRG[ZUSGZKTNGR NKZ 4K9?1"IKXZOLOIGGZ OT`GQK GS[YKSKTZYIKTZXG#

,NPFHBI ( <BFDBNFKDODNLKABK! " LKPEBCCFKD

&# 5KT \KXM[TTOTM UL UTZNKLLOTM QGT JUUX JK H[XMKSKKYZKX ]UXJKT MK]KOMKXJ OT NKZ HKRGTM \GT/

G# JK UVKTHGXK UXJK0 H# JK UVKTHGXK \KOROMNKOJ0 I# JK \URQYMK`UTJNKOJ0

J# JK HKYINKXSOTM \GT NKZ SOROK[#

'# 4K \KXM[TTOTM ]UXJZ OT KRQ MK\GR MK]KOMKXJ OTJOKT/

G# TOKZ ]UXJZ \URJGGT GGT JK HKVGROTMKT HOP UL QXGINZKTY JK DKZ UV JK QGTYYVKRKT0

H# NKZ SG^OSGGR GGTZGR \GT ' \KXM[TTOTMKT \UUX KKT YVKKRG[ZUSGZKTNGR OY

\KXRKKTJ0

I# JK YVKKRG[ZUSGZKTNGR TOKZ [OZYR[OZKTJ XKINZYZXKKQY \GTGL JK UVKTHGXK ]KM

\UUX NKZ V[HROKQ ZUKMGTQKROPQ OY0

J# JK HKNKKXJKX Y JK RKKLZOPJ \GT '& PGGX TUM TOKZ NKKLZ NKHHKT HKXKOQZ0 K# JK UTJKXTKSKX UL HKNKKXJKX OT KTOM UV`OINZ \GT YRKINZ RK\KTYMKJXGM MKZ[OMZ0 L# JK UTJKXTKSKX UL JK HKNKKXJKX Y UTJKX I[XGZKRK YZGGZ YZGGT UL HK]OTJ OY

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(6)

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(7)

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(8)

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(9)

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(10)

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