CHILDREN’S RIGHTS AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
CHILDREN’S RIGHTS AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
A Multidisciplinary Reader
Edited by
Jan CM Willems
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Children’s Rights and Human Development. A Multidisciplinary Reader Jan CM Willems (ed.)
Cover photograph: © Phovoir
© 2010 Intersentia
Antwerp – Oxford – Portland www.intersentia.com
ISBN 978-94-000-0032-2 D/2010/7849/28
NUR 828
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Intersentia v
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION . . . 1
Children’s rights and Human development. . . 1
Task/text 0.1: Th e Human Development Concept . . . 16
Task/text 0.2: Myths about children’s rights . . . 19
Task/text 0.3: Stop parent discrimination . . . 23
Task/text 0.4: Th e Convention on the Rights of the Child as a source of parental duties and responsibilities . . . 24
Task/text 0.5: L’histoire se répète ? . . . 39
Task/text 0.5.1: Cruelty to children – Th e Mary Ellen case . . . 39
Task/text 0.5.2: Switzerland – An advocate for animals? What about children? . . . 41
Task/text 0.5.3: Th e Netherlands – A Party for the Animals (What about a party for children’s rights …? (1)) . . . 42
Task/text 0.5.4: Dutch court approves pedophile political party (What about a party for children’s rights …? (2)) . . . 43
1. VIOLENCE AGAINST CHILDREN – UN STUDY AND RELATED ISSUES . . . 45
Task/text 1.1: Summary of the report of the independent expert for the United Nations study on violence against children, A/61/299 . . . 45
Task/text 1.2 . . . 56
Task/text 1.2.1: UN – New post to combat violence against children . . . . 56
Task/text 1.2.2: Mission impossible? In search of an SRSG . . . 58
Task/text 1.2.3: Violence against children – Secretary-General names Special Representative . . . 59
Task/text 1.3: Violence against children (OHCHR) . . . 61
Task/text 1.4: Violence against women (OHCHR) . . . 62
Task/text 1.5: UN consultation on violence against children in Europe and Central Asia (5–7 july 2005, Ljubljana, Slovenia) . . . 63
Task/text 1.6: Iran – Girl, 16, hanged . . . 66
Task/text 1.7 . . . 68
Task/text 1.7.1: Statement by UN High Commissioner for Human Rights on the entry into force of the Arab Charter on Human Rights . . . 68
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Task/text 1.7.2: Death Penalty – New Arab Charter deviates from the
Convention on the Rights of the Child. . . 69
Task/text 1.8 . . . 71
Task/text 1.8.1: Somalia – Girl of 13 stoned for being raped . . . 71
Task/text 1.8.2: Afghanistan – Girls attacked with acid for going to school . . . 72
Task/text 1.9 . . . 73
Task/text 1.9.1: Security Council and child rights . . . 73
Task/text 1.9.2: Security Council – Call to end impunity of child rights violators . . . 76
Task/text 1.10 . . . 77
Task/text 1.10.1: European [EU] Parliament – EU Strategy . . . 77
Task/text 1.10.2: EU Agency for Fundamental Rights – Developing indicators . . . 83
Task/text 1.11 . . . 84
Task/text 1.11.1: 25,000 Young children will die today for lack of basic survival needs . . . 84
Task/text 1.11.2: Toddler beaten and unconscious. Infant found starved. Child shaken to death. Baby discovered dead in sweltering car … . . . 85
Task/text 1.11.3: UK child migrants apology planned . . . 86
Task/text 1.12: New website highlights what works to prevent violence . . . 87
Task/text 1.13: Promotion and protection of the rights of children . . . 89
Task/text 1.14: National strategies for the protection of children from violence . . . 100
2. VIOLENCE AGAINST CHILDREN – CHILD ABUSE AND NEGLECT / CHILD MALTREATMENT . . . 127
Task/text 2.1 . . . 127
Task/text 2.1.1: Child abuse and neglect – Th e need for courage . . . 127
Task/text 2.1.2: Neglect the child, damage the adult . . . 134
Task/text 2.1.3: Brain doc in Trenton [says] early childhood crucial . . . 136
Task/text 2.2 . . . 137
Task/text 2.2.1: World Health Organization’s defi nition of child abuse . 137 Task/text 2.2.2: International Society for Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect (ISPCAN) – Defi nition of CAN [Child Abuse and Neglect] . . . 138
Task/text 2.2.3: Th e Interview for Traumatic Events in Childhood (ITEC) . . . 139
Task/text 2.3: Parents who kill their children . . . 141
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Task/text 2.4 . . . 141
Task/text 2.4.1: UK – Prevalence of child abuse . . . 141
Task/text 2.4.2: Pupils on abuse . . . 142
Task/text 2.4.3: Abuse of Indian children ‘common’ . . . 146
Task/text 2.5: Parents main perpetrators of rampant child abuse . . . 148
Task/text 2.6: Crude/sketchy estimate of child abuse . . . 149
Task/text 2.7 . . . 150
Task/text 2.7.1: Total estimated cost of child abuse and neglect in the US . . . 150
Task/text 2.7.2: [April is] Child abuse prevention month . . . 152
Task/text 2.8: Th e story of Mikey . . . 153
Task/text 2.9: United Kingdom – Over-cautious parents stop play (new form of child abuse?) . . . 156
Task/text 2.10: Recognizing child abuse – What you should know . . . 157
Task/text 2.11: Emotional child abuse . . . 160
Task/text 2.12: A continuum of educational, supportive and therapeutic services . . . 163
Task/text 2.13 . . . 167
Task/text 2.13.1: Child abuse prevention month proclamation . . . 167
Task/text 2.13.2: Prevent Child Abuse America – Obama transition team letter . . . 167
Task/text 2.13.3: Prevent Child Abuse America – Pinwheels for prevention . . . 170
Task/text 2.14 . . . 171
Task/text 2.14.1: Awareness of child abuse . . . 171
Task/text 2.14.2: Child abuse as cause of crime . . . 172
Task/text 2.14.3: Child maltreatment can be prevented . . . 172
Task/text 2.14.4: Broad access to parenting support reduces risk of child maltreatment . . . 173
Task/text 2.14.5: Why a World Day for prevention of child abuse? . . . 174
Task/text 2.14.6: Neglect [by parents] is violence to be prevented – And neglect by NGOs . . . 175
Task/text 2.15 . . . 176
Task/text 2.15.1: Adverse childhood experiences and smoking – Lives gone up in smoke . . . 176
Task/text 2.15.2: Ten ACEs & related health and social problems . . . 181
Task/text 2.15.3: ACE study fi ndings . . . 183
2BIS. THE LANCET’S SERIES ON CHILD MALTREATMENT . . . 189
Task/text 2.16 . . . 189
Task/text 2.16.1: Staff ‘too timid’ on child abuse . . . 189
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Task/text 2.16.2: Child abuse much more common than offi cial
statistics indicate . . . 191 Task/text 2.16.3: When childhood dies . . . 192 Task/text 2.16.4: Th e landscape of child maltreatment . . . 194 Task/text 2.16.5: Supporting paediatricians who work in child
maltreatment . . . 196 Task/text 2.16.6: Safeguarding children – A call to action . . . 197 Task/text 2.16.7: Burden and consequences of child maltreatment
in high-income countries . . . 199 Task/text 2.16.8: Promotion of children’s rights and prevention
of child maltreatment . . . 214 Task/text 2.16.9: Paulo Sérgio Pinheiro’s presentation from the
series launch . . . 232 Task/text 2.17: Progress for children . . . 239
2TER. US SURVEY OF CHILDREN’S EXPOSURE TO VIOLENCE . . . 245
Task/text 2.18: Children’s exposure to violence: a comprehensive national survey (NatSCEV) . . . 245
3. VIOLENCE AGAINST CHILDREN – SEXUAL EXPLOITATION . . . 261
Task/text 3.1: Council of Europe Convention on the protection of children against sexual exploitation and sexual abuse . . . 261 Task/text 3.2: Child pornography and child molesting . . . 276 Task/text 3.3: Canada – First mandatory reporting law for child
pornography . . . 279 Task/text 3.4: UK has 5,000 child prostitutes . . . 281 Task/text 3.5: Th ird World Congress on commercial sexual exploitation
(Brazil) . . . 282 Task/text 3.6: Child on child abuse . . . 284 Task/text 3.7: 18,000 Women and children traffi cked into UK sex trade . . . 285 Task/text 3.8: New proposals will make all obscene images of children
illegal . . . 287 Task/text 3.9: Ending lawful assault of children – A foundation for
eliminating sexual exploitation and abuse . . . 288 Task/text 3.10: Japan – Child porn cases hit record high . . . 291 Task/text 3.11: Launch of the ‘StopX’ online community to fi ght child
sexual exploitation . . . 292 Task/text 3.12: Exploitation – Vatican to be sued over sex abuse claims . . . 293
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Task/text 3.13: Ireland – church ‘routinely covered up’ child sexual
abuse for 30 years . . . 294
4. VIOLENCE AGAINST CHILDREN – CHILD MARRIAGE, CORPORAL PUNISHMENT AND OTHER TRADITIONAL
PRACTICES . . . 297
Task/text 4.1: Child marriage . . . 297 Task/text 4.2: Marriage without consent – ‘Be wary of culture’ . . . 306 Task/text 4.3: Saudi Arabia – Girl, eight, married off to 58-year-old is
denied annulment . . . 307 Task/text 4.4: India – Child marriage is major peril . . . 308 Task/text 4.5 . . . 309
Task/text 4.5.1: Fighting female genital mutilation – Mobilization in Switzerland . . . 309 Task/text 4.5.2: Burkina Faso – Cutters turn razors on babies to
evade FGM/C law . . . 310 Task/text 4.5.3: Berlin – Kampagne ‘Schutz von Patenmädchen
vor Genitalverstümmelung’ . . . 312 Task/text 4.5.4: Uganda – Female circumcision still a vote winner . . . . 313 Task/text 4.6: Strengthening the protection of women from torture . . . 317 Task/text 4.7 . . . 319
Task/text 4.7.1: Denmark – Plan to ban all circumcision [Stop
messing with children’s genitals] . . . 319 Task/text 4.7.2: Australia – Concerns over male circumcision . . . 319
4BIS. CORPORAL PUNISHMENT . . . 321
Task/text 4.8: Council of Europe campaign for the abolition of corporal
punishment, Autumn 2007 . . . 321 Task/text 4.9: Netherlands becomes 17th European state to ban corporal
punishment by parents . . . 321 Task/text 4.10 . . . 323
Task/text 4.10.1: New Zealand – Father convicted for smacking son under new law . . . 323 Task/text 4.10.2: New Zealand – Battle over corporal punishment
comes to a head . . . 324 Task/text 4.10.3: Th e campaign [pro-/]against smacking in New
Zealand . . . 325 Task/text 4.10.4: Smacking poll ‘no’ landslide confi rmed . . . 327
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Task/text 4.11 . . . 328
Task/text 4.11.1: Uruguay – First Latin American country to ban corporal punishment . . . 328
Task/text 4.11.2: Venezuela – Second Latin American country to ban corporal punishment . . . 328
Task/text 4.11.3: Spain – Parents banned from smacking children . . . 330
Task/text 4.11.4: Chile – Corporal punishment banned . . . 330
Task/text 4.11.5: Costa Rica – Ban on corporal punishment approved . 331 Task/text 4.11.6: Costa Rica achieves full prohibition; more European states commit themselves to abolition . . . 332
Task/text 4.11.7: Moldova – Corporal punishment banned in all settings . . . 333
Task/text 4.11.8: Inter-American Court confi rms obligation to prohibit all corporal punishment . . . 334
Task/text 4.12: Europe is moving towards a total ban of domestic violence against children . . . 335
Task/text 4.13: Corporal punishment – Make me a criminal; preventing youth crime . . . 338
Task/text 4.14: Child discipline . . . 339
Task/text 4.15: Th e right not to be hit, also a children’s right . . . 341
Task/text 4.16: Raise your hand against smacking! . . . 351
Task/text 4.17: Speech by Maud de Boer-Buquicchio, Deputy Secretary General of the Council of Europe . . . 353
Task/text 4.18: UAE – Non-violent discipline is key . . . 355
Task/text 4.19: Corporal punishment – Guide to legal reform for Europe’s parliaments . . . 356
Task/text 4.20: Africa – Speak out against all corporal punishment, committee urged . . . 357
Task/text 4.21: Being hit by parents most ignored child trauma . . . 359
Task/text 4.22: Spare the rod – Why you shouldn’t hit your kids . . . 360
Task/text 4.23: Respect works out – Szacunek-to działa – Mit Respekt geht’s besser! . . . 363
Task/text 4.24: Eff ective discipline for children – Th e report on physical punishment in the United States . . . 365
Task/text 4.25: United Kingdom – Judge rules slapping and kicking child is not ‘signifi cant harm’ . . . 366
Task/text 4.26 . . . 368
Task/text 4.26.1: Ten reasons not to hit your child (Dr. William and Martha Sears) . . . 368
Task/text 4.26.2: Twelve ways to help your child build self-confi dence (Dr. William and Martha Sears) . . . 382
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Intersentia xi
Task/text 4.27: Corporal punishment – Summary by vice-chair of the
Committee on the Rights of the Child . . . 397
Task/text 4.28 . . . 400
Task/text 4.28.1: Spanking detrimental to children, study says . . . 400
Task/text 4.28.2: Early spankings make for aggressive toddlers, study shows . . . 402
Task/text 4.29: Can I be a good Muslim/Christian/Jew in a country that forbids physical punishment? . . . 404
5. SAFETY AND DEVELOPMENT – AFFECTION, SECURE ATTACH- MENT, BRAIN DEVELOPMENT, EARLY CHILDHOOD . . . 407
Task/text 5.1 . . . 407
Task/text 5.1.1: Secure attachment . . . 407
Task/text 5.1.2: Introduction to attachment theory and research . . . 409
Task/text 5.2: Th e eff ects of maltreatment on the developing brain . . . 415
Task/text 5.3 . . . 420
Task/text 5.3.1: Interview with Bruce Perry (Child Trauma Academy) . 420 Task/text 5.3.2: Nobody’s children . . . 423
Task/text 5.3.3: All they need is love . . . 426
Task/text 5.3.4: Resilient children are made, not born . . . 430
Task/text 5.3.5: Animal assisted therapies (translational neuroscience) . . . 430
Task/text 5.4: Andrew Vachss – Lawyer, author, juvenile justice and child abuse consultant . . . 431
Task/text 5.5 . . . 432
Task/text 5.5.1: Alice Miller – Th e roots of violence . . . 432
Task/text 5.5.2: Alice Miller – Th e childhood trauma . . . 434
Task/text 5.6: ECEC (Early Childhood Education and Care) – A right to education … from birth . . . 435
Task/text 5.7 . . . 437
Task/text 5.7.1: UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre on early childhood development . . . 437
Task/text 5.7.2: Th e child care transition – A league table of early childhood education and care in economically advanced countries . . . 438
Task/text 5.7.3: Th e child care transition – Ignore quality at your peril . . . 439
Task/text 5.8: Supporting healthy relationships between young children and their parents . . . 440
Task/text 5.9: Working Group on the Quality of Childhood within the European Parliament . . . 447
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Task/text 5.10 . . . 450
Task/text 5.10.1: Attachments needs at diff erent ages . . . 450
Task/text 5.10.2: Th e importance of attachment . . . 450
Task/text 5.11: Speaking on behalf of babies . . . 451
Task/text 5.12 . . . 452
Task/text 5.12.1: Tobacco and pregnancy . . . 452
Task/text 5.12.2: Alcohol use during pregnancy – A dangerous ‘cocktail’ . . . 455
Task/text 5.13 . . . 456
Task/text 5.13.1: Parenting education for all parents, always, everywhere (1) . . . 456
Task/text 5.13.2: Parenting education for all parents, always, everywhere (2) . . . 458
Task/text 5.13.3: Parenting education for all parents, always, everywhere (3) . . . 458
Task/text 5.14 . . . 459
Task/text 5.14.1: Global strategy for infant and young child feeding . . . 459
Task/text 5.14.2: Exclusive breastfeeding . . . 460
Task/text 5.14.3: World Breastfeeding Week . . . 462
Task/text 5.14.4: Kyrgyzstan – Draft law to curb formula milk sales, boost breastfeeding . . . 464
Task/text 5.14.5: Breastfeeding – More than loving contact . . . 466
Task/text 5.14.6: Longer nursing may aid kids’ mental health; breastfeeding for 6 months or more may reduce issues, study suggests . 467 Task/text 5.15: Demographic renewal. . . 468
Task/text 5.16: Obama pledge stirs hope in early education . . . 470
Task/text 5.17: Childhood experience and the expression of genetic potential – What childhood neglect tells us about nature and nurture . . . 474
Task/text 5.18: Why health at conception needs to be immaculate . . . 492
Task/text 5.19 . . . 493
Task/text 5.19.1: Educate people … on fi rst experiences . . . 493
Task/text 5.19.2: Transitions . . . 496
Task/text 5.19.3: How we remember . . . 499
Task/text 5.19.4: Hope springs eternal . . . 502
Task/text 5.20: New early learning development standards highlight needed reforms and investments . . . 504
Task/text 5.21: Th e science of early childhood development . . . 506
Task/text 5.22: Early childhood programmes and the role of the family . . . 509
Task/text 5.23 . . . 515
Task/text 5.23.1: Babies of less educated parents have more diffi cult temperament . . . 515
Task/text 5.23.2: Temperament caused by nurture rather than nature . . 516
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Intersentia xiii
6. BEST INTERESTS OF THE CHILD – POSITIVE PARENTING,
PUBLIC POLICY . . . 521
Task/text 6.1: Demands on the family . . . 521
Task/text 6.2 . . . 521
Task/text 6.2.1: Policy to support positive parenting . . . 521
Task/text 6.2.2: Explanatory report [on policy to support positive parenting] . . . 532
Task/text 6.3: Council of Europe Conference of Ministers responsible for family aff airs . . . 552
Task/text 6.4: Commission of the European Communities – Improving the mental health of the population . . . 558
Task/text 6.5: Th e role of parents and the support from the governments in the EU . . . 560
Task/text 6.6: Parents with intellectual disabilities (ID) or borderline intellectual functioning (BIF) . . . 579
Task/text 6.7: Modern life leads to more depression among children . . . 580
Task/text 6.8: Mental health improvements for nations’ development . . . 581
Task/text 6.9: Th e best interests of the child – What it means and what it demands from adults . . . 581
Task/text 6.10: Joint parental authority (and contact) aft er divorce and the best interests of the child . . . 593
Task/text 6.11: Good health, strong families, positive early learning experiences – An overview of the policy agenda for infants and toddlers; baby matters . . . 594
Task/text 6.12 . . . 597
Task/text 6.12.1: Preventing mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders among young people (1) . . . 597
Task/text 6.12.2: Preventing mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders among young people (2) . . . 601
Task/text 6.13: Perception of children on parenting practices . . . 604
Task/text 6.14 . . . 608
Task/text 6.14.1: Investing in children makes economic sense . . . 608
Task/text 6.14.2: Child development is economic development . . . 610
Task/text 6.14.3: Fears over reduced spending on children in industrialised nations . . . 614
Task/text 6.15: US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention – Child Development . . . 615
Task/text 6.16: Strengthening families – Five protective factors in families . . 617
Task/text 6.17: Backing the future – Why investing in children is good for us all . . . 619
Task/text 6.18: Mental health problems threaten the knowledge economy . . . 625
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xiv Intersentia
Task/text 6.19: Mental capital – Th e economic signifi cance of mental health . 627
Task/text 6.20: Money or mental health . . . 637
Task/text 6.21: New Horizons – Working together for better mental health . . 643
7. DIRECTION AND GUIDANCE – POSITIVE DISCIPLINE, PARENT EDUCATION . . . 649
Task/text 7.1: Positive discipline – What it is and how to do it; author interview . . . 649
Task/text 7.2: Worldwide alternatives to violence. . . 654
Task/text 7.3: Parents as teachers . . . 656
Task/text 7.4: Peace-teaching parenting pledge . . . 657
Task/text 7.5: Bullying prevention . . . 659
Task/text 7.6 . . . 661
Task/text 7.6.1: Synthesis on obesity . . . 661
Task/text 7.6.2: Childhood obesity . . . 664
Task/text 7.7 . . . 666
Task/text 7.7.1: Eight essential parental responsibilities . . . 666
Task/text 7.7.2: Ten parental responsibilities & ten parental rights . . . 668
Task/text 7.8: Israel – Reality show ‘exploits children’ . . . 669
Task/text 7.9: Discipline – How much is enough? . . . 671
Task/text 7.10: Nearly one-third of US parents don’t know what to expect of infants . . . 672
Task/text 7.11: Six tips for better family communication . . . 673
Task/text 7.12: Th e fi ve critical emotional needs of children . . . 676
Task/text 7.13 . . . 677
Task/text 7.13.1: Attachment parenting . . . 677
Task/text 7.13.2: Does attachment parenting ensure secure attachment? . . . 692
Task/text 7.14 . . . 694
Task/text 7.14.1: National eff ective parenting plan . . . 694
Task/text 7.14.2: Eff ective parenting petition . . . 696
Task/text 7.14.3: An eff ective parenting initiative . . . 696
Task/text 7.15 . . . 716
Task/text 7.15.1: Do we know what competent parenting is? [1994] . . . . 716
Task/text 7.15.2: Do we know what good parenting is? And can public policy promote it? [1999]. . . 717
Task/text 7.15.3: Activating a grass-roots parents’ movement [1999] . . . 724
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8. EVOLVING CAPACITIES – PARTICIPATION, IDENTITY, YOUTH
VIOLENCE, YOUTH RIGHTS . . . 729
Task/text 8.1: Address by Severn Suzuki (12 years) . . . 729
Task/text 8.2 . . . 731
Task/text 8.2.1: Norway – Children’s ombudsman calls to lower voting age . . . 731
Task/text 8.2.2: Austria – Children allowed to vote . . . 732
Task/text 8.2.3: Motion for a resolution presented to the Counsel of Europe’s parliamentary assembly: ‘Expansion of democracy by lowering the voting age to 16’ . . . 733
Task/text 8.3 . . . 735
Task/text 8.3.1: Campaign for a CRC complaints mechanism . . . 735
Task/text 8.3.2: Achieving a communications procedure for the Convention on the Rights of the Child – Commentary on a draft optional protocol . . . 739
Task/text 8.3.3: Communications procedure – Go-ahead for ICESCR signals green light for CRC . . . 745
Task/text 8.3.4: Open-ended working group on an optional protocol to the [CRC] to provide a communications procedure . . . 746
Task/text 8.4: Council of Europe – Listen seriously to the views of children . 747 Task/text 8.5 . . . 750
Task/text 8.5.1: Biological origins of IVF children . . . 750
Task/text 8.5.2: Right to information . . . 751
Task/text 8.6: APA on youth violence (American Psychological Association) 752 Task/text 8.7: United Kingdom – Child aggression warning to parents . . . 755
Task/text 8.8: Kinder haben rechte! . . . 756
Task/text 8.9: A home remedy for juvenile off enders . . . 757
Task/text 8.10 . . . 760
Task/text 8.10.1: Sexual (youth) rights – Choice for youth . . . 760
Task/text 8.10.2: International Planned Parenthood Federation – Comprehensive Sexuality Education . . . 763
Task/text 8.11: Bravery and children’s rights . . . 766
Task/text 8.12: Canada – Supreme Court to hear child rights and religious beliefs case . . . 767
Task/text 8.13: Education for Successful Parenting (ESP) . . . 768
Task/text 8.14: Protection and participation in the new information and communications environment . . . 769
Task/text 8.15: India – Child rights election manifesto launched . . . 774
Task/text 8.16: United States – Legal representation for abused and neglected children . . . 775
Task/text 8.17: Evolving capacities explained . . . 776
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9. AIMS OF EDUCATION – PSYCHOLOGICAL, HUMAN RIGHTS/
CITIZENSHIP AND CHILD RIGHTS EDUCATION . . . 781
Task/text 9.1: UK – Pupils to get lessons in social and emotional skills . . . 781
Task/text 9.2: An example of psychological education for students, partners, parents – By APA (American Psychological Association) . . . 782
Task/text 9.3: Education for democratic citizenship and human rights . . . 789
Task/text 9.4: India – Child rights to be taught in school . . . 790
Task/text 9.5: Education – Fears over child rights education misplaced . . . 791
Task/text 9.6: England – Human rights added to citizenship curriculum . . . . 792
Task/text 9.7: Keep the cool in school – Promoting non-violent behavior in children . . . 793
Task/text 9.8: UN Declaration on Human Rights Education and Training . . . 814
Task/text 9.9: CASEL – Collaborative for Academic, Social and Emotional Learning . . . 817
Task/text 9.10: Human rights education is a priority – More concrete action is needed . . . 818
Task/text 9.11: Human rights education and training – Questionnaire to governments . . . 820
Task/text 9.12: Parenthood education – Guidance for schools . . . 821
Task/text 9.13: Adult attachment representations . . . 827
Task/text 9.14: Early relationships infl uence teen pain and depression . . . 836
10. VARIOUS ITEMS AND ISSUES – LEGAL, OTHER . . . 839
Task/text 10.1: Human rights education associates – Children’s rights . . . 839
Task/text 10.2: European Social Charter (revised) (1996) . . . 839
Task/text 10.3: European Forum on the Rights of the Child . . . 840
Task/text 10.4: State of the World’s Mothers 2007 – Th e best and worst countries to be a mother . . . 841
Task/text 10.5: Child rights could prompt smoking ban in homes . . . 843
Task/text 10.6: Nigeria – Government sues tobacco fi rms for damage to children . . . 845
Task/text 10.7: Don’t forget about child poverty now! . . . 846
Task/text 10.8 . . . 847
Task/text 10.8.1: Kinderrechte im Grundgesetz . . . 847
Task/text 10.8.2: Ecuador – New constitution strengthens children’s rights . . . 850
Task/text 10.9 Th e new disability convention and the protection of children . . . 851
Table of Contents
Intersentia xvii
Task/text 10.10 . . . 855 Task/text 10.10.1: US ratifi cation of the CRC . . . 855 Task/text 10.10.2: United States – Parental rights v. child rights?
First shots fi red in phoney war . . . 857 Task/text 10.11: Th e African Committee of Experts on the Rights and
Welfare of the Child . . . 859 Task/text 10.12: 60th Anniversary of the Universal Declaration of
Human Rights . . . 863 Task/text 10.13: Sarah Blaff er Hrdy, Mothers and others . . . 867 Task/text 10.14: Concluding observations of the Committee on the Rights of the Child – Th e Kingdom of Th e Netherlands . . . 878 Task/text 10.15: Petition for ratifi cation of Amendment VI of the
Constitution of the United States of America . . . 880 Task/text 10.16: Many crimes against children continue to go unpunished . . 881 Task/text 10.17: Germany – Neo-nazi youth group banned for trying
to indoctrinate children . . . 883 Task/text 10.18: Realising children’s rights requires more than rhetoric –
Systematic and concrete actions are now needed . . . 885 Task/text 10.19: Twenty years on: the clinical importance of children’s
rights . . . 888 Task/text 10.20: Cairo declaration on the CRC and shariah law . . . 890 Task/text 10.21: Society has an obligation to support abandoned children and off er them a positive home environment – Also when budget
resources are limited . . . 896 Task/text 10.22: Guidelines for the Alternative Care of Children . . . 899
APPENDIX: CONVENTION ON THE RIGHTS OF THE CHILD . . . 927
