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BIBLIOGRAPHY Abeliovich, A., Schmitz, Y., Farinas, I., Choii-Lunberg, D., Ho, W.-H., Castillo, P.E., Shinsky, N., Verdugo, J.M.G., Armanini, M., Ryan, A., Hynes, M., Phillips, H., Sulzer, D. & Rosenthal,

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

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ADDENDUM

PAGE

LIST OF 1H-NMR AND 13C-NMR SPECTRA. 119

LIST OF IR SPECTROSCOPY DATA. 136

LIST OF MS SPECTROMETRY DATA. 141

LIST OF HPLC DATA. 146

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LIST OF 1H-NMR AND 13C-NMR SPECTRA.

(2E)-1-(5-chlorothiophen-2-yl)-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-prop-2-en-1-one (10a) 1H-NMR (10a) 13C-NMR (10a) S Cl O CF3 4 3 6' 5' 3' 2' 3 2 1 " "

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(2E)-3-(3-chlorophenyl)-1-(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (10b) 13C-NMR (10b) 1H-NMR (10b) O Cl N H 5 4 3 6' 5' 4' 2' 3 2 1 " " "

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(2E)-3-(3-chlorophenyl)-1-(6-methoxypyridin-3-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (10c) 1H-NMR (10c) 13C-NMR (10c) N O H3C O Cl 6' 5' 4' 2' 3 2 1 5 4 2 " " "

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(2E)-3-(5-chlorothiophen-2-yl)-1-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (10d) 1H-NMR(10d) 13C-NMR (10d) S Cl O OH O H3C 6 5 3 4' 3' 3 2 1 " " "

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(2E)-3-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-1-(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (10e) 1H-NMR (10e) 13C-NMR (10e) N O Br F H 5 4 3 6' 5' 2' 3 2 1 " " "

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124

DEPT 90 (10e) COSY (10e)

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125

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(2E)-1-(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]prop-2-en-1-one (10f) 1H-NMR (10f) 13C-NMR (10f) N O CF3 H 5 4 3 3 2 1 6' 5' 3' 2' " " "

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127

DEPT 90 (10f) HSQC (10f)

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128

(2E)-1-(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)-3-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]prop-2-en-1-one (10g) 1H-NMR (10g) 13C-NMR (10g) N O CF3 H 5 4 3 6' 5' 4' 2' 3 2 1 " " "

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129

DEPT 135 (10g) COSY (10g)

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P ag e

130

HSQC (10g) HMBC (10g)

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(2E)-3-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-1-(5-chlorothiophen-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (10h) 1H-NMR (10h) 13C-NMR (10h) S O Cl Br F 4 3 6' 5' 2' 3 2 1 " "

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132

DEPT 90 (10h) COSY (10h)

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133

HSQC (10h) HMBC (10h)

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134

(2E)-3-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-1-(5-methylthiophen-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (10i) 1H-NMR (10i) 13C-NMR (10i) S O H3C Br F 1 2 3 2' 5' 6' 3 4" "

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135

(2E)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-prop-2-en-1-one (8) 1H-NMR (8) 13C-NMR (8) O O OH Cl H3C 6' 5' 3' 2' 3 2 1 6 5 3" " "

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136

LIST OF IR SPECTROSCOPY DATA.

(2E)-1-(5-chlorothiophen-2-yl)-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-prop-2-en-1-one (10a) (2E)-3-(3-chlorophenyl)-1-(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (10b) S Cl O CF3 4 3 6' 5' 3' 2' 3 2 1 " " O Cl N H 5 4 3 6' 5' 4' 2' 3 2 1 " " "

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137

(2E)-3-(3-chlorophenyl)-1-(6-methoxypyridin-3-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (10c) (2E)-3-(5-chlorothiophen-2-yl)-1-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (10d) N O H3C O Cl 6' 5' 4' 2' 3 2 1 5 4 2 " " " S Cl O OH O H3C 6 5 3 4' 3' 3 2 1 " " "

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138

(2E)-3-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-1-(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (10e) (2E)-1-(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]prop-2-en-1-one (10f) N O Br F H 5 4 3 6' 5' 2' 3 2 1 " " " N O CF3 H 5 4 3 3 2 1 6' 5' 3' 2' " " "

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139

(2E)-1-(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)-3-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]prop-2-en-1-one (10g) (2E)-3-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-1-(5-chlorothiophen-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (10h) N O CF3 H 5 4 3 6' 5' 4' 2' 3 2 1 " " " S O Cl Br F 4 3 6' 5' 2' 3 2 1 " "

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(2E)-3-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-1-(5-methylthiophen-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (10i) (2E)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-prop-2-en-1-one (8) S O H3C Br F 1 2 3 2' 5' 6' 3 4" " O O OH Cl H3C 6' 5' 3' 2' 3 2 1 6 5 3" " "

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LIST OF MS SPECTROMETRY DATA.

(2E)-1-(5-chlorothiophen-2-yl)-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-prop-2-en-1-one (10a) Meas.m/z 315.9928 # 2 Formula C14H8ClF3OS Score 41.16 m/z 315.9931 err [mDa] 0.3 err [ppm] 0.9 mSigma 479.7 rdb 9.0 N-Rule ok e ̅ Conf odd (2E)-3-(3-chlorophenyl)-1-(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (10b) Meas.m/z 231.0439 # 1 Formula C13H10ClNO Score 100 m/z 231.0445 err [mDa] 0.6 err [ppm] 2.7 mSigma 457.7 rdb 9.0 N-Rule ok e ̅ Conf odd

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(2E)-3-(3-chlorophenyl)-1-(6-methoxypyridin-3-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (10c) Meas.m/z 273.0551 # 1 Formula C15H12ClNO2 Score 100 m/z 273.0551 err [mDa] 0.1 err [ppm] 0.2 mSigma 437.7 rdb 10.0 N-Rule ok e ̅ Conf odd (2E)-3-(5-chlorothiophen-2-yl)-1-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (10d) Meas.m/z 294.0109 # 2 Formula C14H11ClO3S Score 1.59 m/z 294.0112 err [mDa] 0.3 err [ppm] 1.1 mSigma 428.1 rdb 9.0 N-Rule ok e ̅ Conf odd

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(2E)-3-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-1-(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (10e) Meas.m/z 292.9847 # 1 Formula C13H9BrFNO Score 100 m/z 292.9846 err [mDa] -0.1 err [ppm] -0.2 mSigma 538.5 rdb 9.0 N-Rule ok e ̅ Conf odd (2E)-1-(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]prop-2-en-1-one (10f) Meas.m/z 265.0705 # 1 Formula C14H10F3NO Score 100 m/z 265.0709 err [mDa] 0.4 err [ppm] 1.5 mSigma 540.2 rdb 9.0 N-Rule ok e ̅ Conf odd

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144

(2E)-1-(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)-3-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]prop-2-en-1-one (10g) Meas.m/z 265.0714 # 1 Formula C14H10F3NO Score 100 m/z 265.0709 err [mDa] -0.5 err [ppm] -1.9 mSigma 501.4 rdb 9.0 N-Rule ok e ̅ Conf odd (2E)-3-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-1-(5-chlorothiophen-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (10h) Meas.m/z 343.9067 # 1 Formula C13H7BrClFOS Score 100 m/z 343.9068 err [mDa] 0.1 err [ppm] 0.2 mSigma 467.9 rdb 9.0 N-Rule ok e ̅ Conf odd

(43)

P ag e

145

(2E)-3-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-1-(5-methylthiophen-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (10i) Meas.m/z 323.9609 # 1 Formula C14H10BrFOS Score 100 m/z 323.9614 err [mDa] 0.5 err [ppm] 1.5 mSigma 512.5 rdb 9.0 N-Rule ok e ̅ Conf odd (2E)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-prop-2-en-1-one (8) Meas.m/z 288.0543 # 1 Formula C16H13ClO3 Score 100 m/z 288.0548 err [mDa] 0.5 err [ppm] 1.8 mSigma 403.5 rdb 10.0 N-Rule ok e ̅ Conf odd

(44)

P ag e

146

LIST OF HPLC DATA. (2E)-1-(5-chlorothiophen-2-yl)-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-prop-2-en-1-one (10a) (2E)-3-(3-chlorophenyl)-1-(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (10b)

(45)

P ag e

147

(2E)-3-(3-chlorophenyl)-1-(6-methoxypyridin-3-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (10c) (2E)-3-(5-chlorothiophen-2-yl)-1-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (10d)

(46)

P ag e

148

(2E)-3-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-1-(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (10e) (2E)-1-(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]prop-2-en-1-one (10f)

(47)

P ag e

149

(2E)-1-(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)-3-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]prop-2-en-1-one (10g) (2E)-3-(3-bromo-4-fluoro-phenyl)-1-(5-chlorothiophen-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (10h)

(48)

P ag e

150

(2E)-3-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-1-(5-methylthiophen-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (10i) (2E)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-prop-2-en-1-one (8)

(49)

P

ag

e

151

LIST OF DOCKING RESULTS. Compound 10a

Compound 10b

(50)

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152

Compound 10d Compound 10e Compound 10f

(51)

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153

Compound 10g Compound 10h Compound 10i

(52)

P

ag

e

154

(53)

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e

155

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I would like to thank the following people for assisting me with my master’s degree; your help and guidance were valuable and much appreciated.

 My supervisor Dr. A.C.U. Lourens

 My co-supervisors Prof. J.P. Petzer and Dr. A. Petzer  Mr. A Joubert  Dr. J. Jordaan  Prof J. Du Preez  Miss. M. Geldenhuys  Mr. S.J. Robinson  Miss. J. Kleynhans  Miss. M. Hoon  Miss. L. Meiring  NRF for funding  MRC for funding

 NWU for funding and facilities provided.

 All my friends & family for their support and love.

 And lastly for God for giving me the strength and opportunities to follow my dreams.

A last word….

There are two sayings that come to mind, when I think about my Master’s degree:

The first one - try and try again, in the end you will succeed - is absolutely applicable to a post graduate degree and all the effort that comes with it. The second, but most important - with God anything is possible, look to Him, He will guide you – reminds us that we all need some extra help and guidance sometimes, God will always be there for His children.

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