Sugar trade in the Eighteenth-Century Persian Gulf Daito, N.

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Sugar trade in the Eighteenth-Century Persian Gulf

Daito, N.

Citation

Daito, N. (2017, November 28). Sugar trade in the Eighteenth-Century Persian Gulf. Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/1887/57562

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License: Licence agreement concerning inclusion of doctoral thesis in the Institutional Repository of the University of Leiden

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Cover Page

The handle http://hdl.handle.net/1887/57562 holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation

Author: Daito, Norifumi

Title: Sugar trade in the Eighteenth-Century Persian Gulf

Date: 2017-11-28

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181

Appendix 1: Sugar prices at the Isfahan market, 1737–41 (maḥmūdīs per man-i shāhī)

Year Javanese

castor sugar

Javanese candy sugar

Bengali castor sugar called caluppie

April 1737 13 ¼ 15 ½

June 1737 13 ¼ 15 ½

July 1737 11 ¼ 13 ½

August 1737 11 ¼ 13 ½ 8 ½

October 1737 10 ¼ 13 ½ 8 ¼

December 1738 11 15

June 1739 11 15

12 August 1739 16 ½ 18 ½

18 August 1739 11 ½ 12 4/5

March 1740 18 21

April 1740 16 ½ 20

July 1740 16 ½ 21

June 1741 18 ½ 25

August 1741 17 27

October 1741 17 27

November 1741 17 27

Sources: NA VOC2448 pp. 1576-86, 1589-92; VOC2476 pp. 1396-8; VOC2510 pp. 1472-7; VOC2511 pp.

1429-40; VOC2584 pp. 2444-9, 2453-7.

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Appendix 2: Sales of sugar by the VOC at Bandar Abbas, 1701–56 (Dutch pounds and guilders)

Year Castor sugar (pounds)

Invoice value (guilders)

Sale value (guilders)

Profit (%)

Candy sugar (pounds)

Profit (%)

Total invoice value (guilders)

Total sale value (guilders)

1701-02 935.250 84.317 195.019 131 0 0 1.032.389

1702-03 1.303.181 99.484 323.080 224,7 165.047 24.912 49.562 98,9 24.912 995.036

1703-04 1.724.236 127.398 464.107 264,3 406.302 61.933 129.509 109 61.933 1.331.067

1704-05 1.871.135 139.018 397.616 186 336.737 50.602 107.335 112 50.602 1.222.708

1705-06 1.871.135 139.018 397.616 186 336.736 50.602 107.335 112 50.602 1.222.708

1706-07 1.562.469 141.570 298.213 110,6 67.435 11.378 21.495 89 11.378 1.362.191

1707-08 1.160.713 117.991 212.085 72 106.242 16.718 33.112 87 16.718 1.511.840

1708-09 1.297.434 124.048 241.241 94,5 225.794 38.692 70.372 81,9 38.692 1.294.171

1709-10 1.630.142 138.430 288.671 108,5 543.719 78.548 154.054 96 78.548 1.475.822

1710-11 1.076.561 80.291 190.641 137,4 382.536 54.659 113.804 108,2 54.659 980.354

1711-12 588.347 44.642 114.603 136,7 286.890 41.205 85.350 107 41.205

1712-13 755.450 56.408 149.831 165,4 411.721 60.409 122.487 102,7 60.409 914.512

1713-14 640.095 640.095 131.486 172,5 179.807 25.076 52.259 106 25.076 806.696

1714-15 817.104 60.517 173.635 186 240.250 34.150 69.773 104 34.150 1.195.012

1715-16 1.575.808 117.307 351.602 198,2 50.351 7.091 16.049 126,2 7.091 1.149.675

1716-17 1.350.321 99.215 310.855 213 54.060 7.499 22.976 206,4 7.499 867.909

1717-18 1.283.047 94.227 304.456 223 288.980 41.032 120.770 193,9 41.032 938.580

1718-19 1.057.393 80.733 262.145 224,4 287.021 40.236 111.019 177,9 40.236 1.335.549

1719-20 1.157.799 85.057 266.535 213,4 313.653 45.109 99.977 121,6 45.109 1.259.000

1720-21 940.616 92.110 193.211 109 145.871 26.562 46.469 75 26.562 1.222.644

1721-22 866.662 148.934

1722-23 1723-24

1724-25 57.065 5.285 11.116 110,3 5.973 1.077 2.539 136 1.077 54.430

1725-26 139.801 12.940 28.534 120,6 61.937 10.471 26.333 151,5 10.471 122.426

1726-27 75.041 6.944 15.946 129,6 69.047 12.173 31.790 161 12.173 117.428

1727-28 522 51 91 77,2 29.954 4.858 10.650 180,5 4.858 159.879

1728-29 385.458 60.524 52.387 13,2 82.983 13.856 28.586 106,2 13.856 398.561

1729-30 0 0 0 0 153.461

1730-31

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1731-32 98.393 8.701 18.836 116,5 91.366 15.269 27.486 80 15.269 287.846

1732-33 161.914 14.995 35.425 136,2 33.431 5.320 11.429 114,9 5.320 263.535

1733-34 41.781 3.880 7.998 106 6.655 1.059 2.184 106,2 1.059 291.112

1734-35 331.686 29.630 63.498 114,5 120.696 19.205 39.610 106,2 19.205 432.261

1735-36

1736-37 129.434 10.205 24.179 136 39.530 6.295 10.595 68,3 6.295 227.749

1737-38

1738-39 189.713 16.238 35.281 117 69.146 11.002 18.531 68 11.002 175.838

1739-40 293.323 25.145 57.749 51.435 6.590 14.320 6.590 161.589

1740-41 90,2

1741-42 0 0 2.183 351 672 91 351 196.642

1742-43 0 0 0 0 156.696

1743-44 9.878 908 1.760 94 14.286 2.242 3.712 65,5 2.242 75.481

1744-45 140.311 12.311 25.483 107 45.182 6.562 11.593 82 6.562 131.021

1745-46 125.551 10.719 24.859 131 34.896 5.013 10.364 106,5 5.013 138.119

1746-47 9.879 932 2.557 131 654 88 307 106 88 37.073

1747-48 0 0 0 0 59.506

1748-49 134.244 12.517 29.483 135 41.857 5.601 16.631 198 5.601 234.439

1749-50 125.244 10.948 35.131 221 0 0 169.691

1750-51 0 0 0 0 89.551

1751-52

1752-53 113.427 9.271 26.514 186 6.002 943 3.217 241 943 135.098

1753-54 173.433 15.034 36.486 142 64.468 9.182 21.097 129 9.182 165.549

1754-55 170.327 15.034 34.065 113 25.671 3.584 7.701 114,7 3.584 192.766

1755-56 189.171 17.702 35.943 103 105.094 14.451 30.290 109,5 14.451 188.056

1756-57 549.700 48.227 87.846 82 176.425 24.430 43.899 80 24.430 208.667

Note: Data for 1722–23, 1723–24, 1730–31, 1735–36, 1737

–

38, 1740

–

41, and 1751

–

52 are not available. For the years 1704–05 and 1705–06, the VOC made one sales statement (NA VOC1747 1, pp. 373-4).

Source: G. Nadri, “The Dutch Intra-Asian Trade in Sugar in the Eighteenth Century,” International Journal of Maritime History 20, no. 1 (2008): 87-90.

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Appendix 3: Sales of sugar by the VOC at Bushire, 1737–48 (Dutch pounds and guilders)

Profit (%)

1737-38 18.896 1.504 4.412 193 32.768 5.215 11.438 119 11.577 32.456

1738-39 27.607 2.364 6.195 193 30.402 4.837 10.612 119 15.453 49.523

1739-40

1740-41 11.683 1.001 2.767 176 775 123 270 119 20.719 46.878

1741-42 0 0 13.574 35.599

1742-43 0 0 15.321 49.933

1743-44 1744-45

1745-46 34.934 3.107 7.685 147 19.268 3.001 6.325 111 13.023 35.646

1746-47 26.722 2.382 5.890 147 4.000 626 1.320 111 4.548 12.780

1747-48 47.086 4.421 10.523 138 20.061 2.922 7.154 145 14.982 45.430

1748-49 19.301 1.826 4.606 152 17.547 2.387 6.948 191 11.701 28.252

Note: Data for 1739–40, 1743–44 and 1744–45 are not available.

Sources: NA VOC2476 pp. 1388-9 (1737–38);VOC2510 pp. 146-7 (1738–39);VOC2584 pp. 2474-5 (1740–41); VOC2610 pp. 64-5 (1741–42);VOC2610 pp. 72-3 (1 September 1742–28 February 1743);VOC2710 fols. 1419v-20r (1745–46); VOC2710 fols. 1422v-3r (1746–47); VOC2766 pp. 24-5 (1 February 1748–31 August 1748);

VOC2766 pp. 26-7 (1 September 1748–28 February 1749).

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Appendix 4: Sales of sugar by the VOC at Basra, 1723–51 (Dutch pounds and guilders)

Profit (%)

1723-24 55.445 5.146 13.196 157 22.452 4.048 11.355 180 53.876 118.893

1724-25 0 0 19.204 41.510

1725-26 146.949 13.638 32.475 138 38.396 6.923 17.623 155 34.414 83.302

1726-27 55.740 6.038 12.096 100 27.987 5.505 13.325 142 53.212 108.402

1727-28 66.256 7.109 15.565 119 92.476 17.832 43.625 145 51.126 104.358

1728-29 33.570 2.465 4.258 72 0 22.428 36.431

1729-30 66.129 10.416 10.506 1 13.408 2.155 3.787 75 13.417 16.493

1730-31 70.250 11.066 10.497 -5 0 47.725 55.774

1731-32 0 0 25.611 27.282

1732-33

1733-34 85.638 7.704 15.040 95 1.325 210 481 128 74.827 101.873

1734-35 0 12.500 1.989 4.542 128 36.765 46.542

1735-36 15.000 1.148 2.725 137 19.925 3.170 7.240 128 74.285 104.000

1736-37 112.625 8.625 19.136 122 0 110.752 168.733

1737-38 40.650 3.088 6.943 124 0 31.834 47.473

1738-39 174.577 14.329 24.590 71 0 41.719 83.217

1739-40 108.410 9.293 19.045 109 24.546 3.940 3.904 86 80.592 127.196

1740-41 0 0 45.137 54.514

1741-42 0 0 52.749 60.848

1742-43 0 0 38.322 82.110

1743-44 15.083 1.375 3.041 121 22.898 3.594 7.122 98 12.293 75.481

1744-45

1745-46 87.834 8.286 17.707 113 17.973 2.718 5.590 105 43.654 103.775

1746-47 49.327 4.583 5.731 64 8.605 1.257 2.542 102 50.742 101.509

1747-48 271.004 23.689 52.447 121 106.855 14.572 30.691 110 209.504 406.134

1748-49 0 0 53.344 86.262

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1749-50 191.304 15.922 46.074 121 74.738 10.245 25.385 110 108.065 250.556

1750-51 85.266 6.957 17.693 154 94.493 13.416 27.702 106 56.322 139.681

1751-52 58.114 5.121 11.695 128 82.088 12.043 23.280 93 164.826 275.820

Note: Data for 1732–33 and 1744–45 are not available.

Sources: Nadri, “The Dutch Intra-Asian Trade,” 88-90 (1723–24, 1739–40, 1743–44); NA VOC2023 fol. 3352r (1724–25);VOC2042 fols. 3979v-80r (1725–26); VOC2042 fol. 3992 (1726–27);VOC2091 fols. 4927v-28r (1727–28); VOC2168 pp. 52-3 (1728–29);VOC2253 pp. 40-1 (1729–30);VOC2254 pp. 398-9 (1730–31); VOC2322 2 pp.

248-9 (1731–32); VOC2357 1 pp. 986-7 (1733–34);VOC2416 pp. 128-9 (1734–35);VOC2416 pp. 274-5 (1735–36); VOC2448 pp. 130-1 (1736–37);VOC2476 pp. 1384-5 (1737–38);VOC2510 pp. 52-3 (1738–39);VOC2584 pp. 2473-4 (1 September 1740–28 February 1741);VOC2610 pp. 60-1 (1741–42);VOC2610 pp. 70-1 (31 August 1742–28 February 1743);VOC2710 fols. 1418v-9r (1745–46); VOC2710 fols. 1421v-2r (1746–47);VOC2766 pp. 20-1 (1747–48);VOC2766 pp. 22-3 (1748–49);VOC2787

pp. 12-3 (1 January 1750–31 August 1750);VOC2804 pp. 6-7 (1750–51); VOC2824 pp. 6-9 (1751–52).

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Appendix 5: Sales of sugar by the VOC at Kharg, 1753–64 (Dutch pounds and guilders)

Profit (%)

1753-54 12.869 1.137 3.024 165,8 13.646 1.870 4.442 137,5 18.752 44.065

1754-55 1755-56 1756-57 1757-58 1758-59

1759-60 918.445 73.612 142.358 93 196.540 27.660 40.703 47 296.387 566.974

1760-61 771.000 67.669 127.215 88 615.027 91.330 132.001 44 249.660 501.881

1761-62 694.375 60.823 124.987 105 0 0 0 106.320 284.090

1762-63 1.035.507 90.868 192.829 113 45.171 7.520 11.563 52 132.903 358.438

1763-64 667.666 51.651 112.949 119 28.000 4.299 6.496 51 74.686 181.254

1764-65 243.380 18.892 38.940 106 95.717 15.358 22.206 44 70.630 176.370

Note: Data for 1754–55, 1755–56, 1756–57, 1757–58 and 1758–59 are not available.

Sources: Nadri, “The Dutch Intra-Asian Trade,” 90 (1753–54); NA VOC3027 pp. 10-1 (1759–60);VOC3064 pp. 6-7 (1760–61);VOC3092 p. 8 (1761–62);VOC3156 pp. 6-7 (1762–63);VOC3156 pp. 18-9 (1763–64);VOC3184 pp. 38-9 (1764–65).

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Appendix 6: Non-VOC sugar suppliers to Bandar Abbas, 1694–1715 (number)

Year Sugar

suppliers Others

1694-95 2 2

1695-96 0 2

1696-97 2 10

1697-98 4 7

1698-99 5 16

1699-1700 8 9

1700-01 4 5

1701-02 2 9

1702-03 5 7

1703-04 3 8

1704-05 8 3

1705-06 6 3

1706-07 5 9

1707-08 3 8

1708-09 3 17

1709-10 4 7

1710-11 6 12

1711-12 8 5

1712-13 6 8

1713-14 5 7

1714-15 4 4

1715-16 1 4

Note: Sugar suppliers shown in the figure include those who conveyed cargoes of conserves.

Sources: NA VOC1582, pp. 179-81; VOC9054 pp. 188-90 (28 June 1695–31 October 1695); VOC1598 1, pp. 71-3 (1 November 1696–31 March 1697); VOC1598 1, pp. 90-2 (1 April 1697–8 June 1697); VOC1598 2, pp. 26-8 (8 June 1697–31

August 1697); VOC1611 1, p. 49 (1 September 1697–8 January 1698); VOC1611 1, pp. 106-7 (1 February 1698–26 March 1698); VOC1611 2, pp. 69-72 (5 April 1698–28 July 1698); VOC1626 1, pp. 103-8 (2 September 1698–22 March 1699);

VOC1626 2, pp. 30-4 (26 March 1699–1 July 1699); VOC1639, pp. 23-7 (15 September 1699–31 May 1700); VOC1650, pp.

29-30; VOC8367, pp. 51-3 (10 June 1700–11 December 1700); VOC1667, pp. 248-52 (28 February 1701–27 January 1702);

VOC1667, pp. 484-6 (27 January 1702–30 April 1702); VOC1679, pp. 136-8 (1 May 1702–30 September 1702); VOC1679, pp. 249-50 (19 November 1702–29 March 1703); VOC1652, fols. 1013r-v (1 January 1703–23 July 1703); VOC1685, p.

2572 (20 May 1704–31 July 1705); VOC1694, pp. 109-11 (28 March 1703–20 August 1703); VOC1694, pp. 346-8 (14 December 1703–24 May 1704); VOC1714 1, pp. 343-4 (31 May 1704–31 March 1705); VOC1714 1, pp. 382-4 (1 April

1705–18 July 1705); VOC1732, pp. 590-3 (19 July 1705–15 April 1706); VOC1747 1, pp. 375-7 (13 April 1706–30 November 1706); VOC1763, pp. 342-8 (30 November 1706–21 December 1707); VOC1768, fols. 1884r-v (1 November 1708–23 December 1709); VOC1779, pp. 318-27 (21 December 1707–12 January 1709); VOC1785, fols. 421r-v (7 June 1710–17 July 1711); VOC1798 1, pp. 154-60 (15 January 1709–9 March 1710); VOC1798 1, pp. 464-6 (9 March 1710–31

May 1710); VOC1802, fols. 2114r-5v (7 June 1710–17 July 1711); VOC1802, fols. 2204r-5v (9 March 1712–22 October 1712); VOC1812, pp. 245-9 (18 May 1710–11 December 1710); VOC1829, pp. 178-91, VOC8081, pp. 94-103 (11 December 1710–23 May 1712); VOC1834, fols. 2669r-71r (22 October 1712–23 April 1714); VOC1843 1, pp. 278-81 (18

May 1712–15 March 1713); VOC1843 2, pp. 197-201 (10 March 1713–23 June 1713); VOC1856, pp. 1146-53 (22 March 1713–23 May 1714); VOC1870, p. 335 (15 June 1714–25 September 1714); VOC1870, pp. 650-2 (30 September 1714–13

April 1715); VOC1886 pp. 401-4 (13 April 1715–15 February 1716).

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Appendix 7: Registrations of arrivals at Bandar Abbas, 1694–1715 (number)

Nationality English EIC English private Muslim Local Portuguese Arab Danish Danish company French French company Armenian Unknown

Sugar suppliers 65 0 4 14 1 0 0 5 1 2 0 1 1

Others 58 8 1 62 8 7 6 0 0 2 1 0 9

Appendix 8: Origins of English arrivals at Bandar Abbas, 1694–1715 (number)

Origin Europe/England Basra Kong Surat Bombay Calicut Madras Bengal Batavia China Accident Unknown

Sugar

suppliers 0 1 0 8 5 1 2 46 1 5 0 0

Others 2 5 4 17 25 2 1 8 0 0 1 2

Appendix 9: Origins of Muslim arrivals at Bandar Abbas, 1694–1715 (number)

Origin Mocha Basra Kong Kishm

Island Ghogha Patan Bharuch Surat Bombay Mangalore Bengal Unknown Sugar

suppliers 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 0 0 2 0

Others 2 1 14 2 3 2 4 27 1 2 1 3

Sources: See Appendix 6.

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Appendix 10: Family-tree of the Rawals

Bilbilderdas

Kumarchand d. c. 1753

Kishendas

d. February 1707

Bonidas

d. October 1712

Coridas

d. January 1702

Rawal

Tokidas

d. June 1712

Nath

d. April 1713

Uttamchand

d. 1737

Ishwardas

d. July 1736

Dharmdas

d. April 1721

Bhagwandas d. March 1719

Thakurdas Abchand Bishambardas

d. 1745

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Appendix 11: Family-tree of the Sahids

Jacob Jan

Ibrahim Francois

d. Feb. 1721

Lewis

Elias Joseph David

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