Eighteenth-century Gujarat : the dynamics of its political economy, 1750-1800 Nadri, G.A.

In many ways, they were able to contain the major political powers such as the Mughal governors, the Maratha military leaders or even the English company, in the exercise of

54 That some intermediaries were instrumental in the employment and management of the large labour force required by the European companies in Surat is analogous to the crucial

A number of prominent Parsi and Bania merchants and shipowners remained under the protection of the Dutch Company in the second half of the eighteenth century.. If

In the second half of the eighteenth century, the Company’s sales in Gujarat thrived primarily on three major items namely spices (cloves and nutmeg), Japanese copper, and sugar.

54 The revenue figures for earlier periods refer to the jama and not to the actual collection (hasil); hence it is difficult to identify if there was any improvement in

Contrary to the notion of the state as the motor of economic change in Asia, this study suggests that the role of the state in the political economy of Gujarat was at best confined

Note: In the sources, the prices in the years between 1707 and 1744 are quoted in guilders per pond and for the subsequent years they are given in guilders per 100 ponds. I

—— ‘Restrictive Trading Regimes: VOC and the Asian Spice Trade in the Seventeenth Century’, in Pearson (ed.), Spices in the Indian Ocean World (Aldershot: Ashgate, 1996),