Nederland Europese Unie Internationaal

(1)

Bijlage 13: SPSS Resultaten

Chikwadraattoets Regio, 3 categorieën

**Jaar * Regio3 * Krant Crosstabulation**

Krant Regio3 Total

Nederland Europese Unie Internationaal

Financieele Dagblad

Jaar

1999 Count 42 23 22 87

Expected Count 46,1 25,8 15,2 87,0

2005 Count 66 32 17 115

Expected Count 60,9 34,1 20,0 115,0

2011 Count 44 30 11 85

Expected Count 45,0 25,2 14,8 85,0

Total Count 152 85 50 287

Expected Count 152,0 85,0 50,0 287,0

Volkskrant

Jaar

1999 Count 43 16 33 92

Expected Count 48,5 16,9 26,6 92,0

2005 Count 68 23 31 122

Expected Count 64,3 22,4 35,3 122,0

2011 Count 64 22 32 118

Expected Count 62,2 21,7 34,1 118,0

Total Count 175 61 96 332

Expected Count 175,0 61,0 96,0 332,0

Leeuwarder Courant

Jaar

1999 Count 81 10 11 102

Expected Count 73,5 15,1 13,4 102,0

2005 Count 83 15 18 116

Expected Count 83,6 17,2 15,2 116,0

2011 Count 50 19 10 79

Expected Count 56,9 11,7 10,4 79,0

Total Count 214 44 39 297

Expected Count 214,0 44,0 39,0 297,0

(2)

**Jaar * Regio3 * Krant Crosstabulation**

Krant Regio3 Total

Nederland Europese Unie Internationaal

Total

Jaar

1999 Count 166 49 66 281

Expected Count 166,0 58,3 56,8 281,0

2005 Count 217 70 66 353

Expected Count 208,5 73,2 71,3 353,0

2011 Count 158 71 53 282

Expected Count 166,6 58,5 57,0 282,0

Total Count 541 190 185 916

Expected Count 541,0 190,0 185,0 916,0

Case Processing Summary

Cases

Valid Missing Total

N Percent N Percent N Percent

Jaar * Regio3 * Krant 916 99,8% 2 0,2% 918 100,0%

(3)

Chi-Square Tests

Krant Value df Asymp. Sig.

(2-sided)

Financieele Dagblad

Pearson Chi-Square 6,685

^b

4 ,153

Likelihood Ratio 6,385 4 ,172

Linear-by-Linear Association 1,886 1 ,170

N of Valid Cases 287

Volkskrant

Pearson Chi-Square 3,144

^c

4 ,534

Likelihood Ratio 3,080 4 ,545

Linear-by-Linear Association 1,578 1 ,209

N of Valid Cases 332

Leeuwarder Courant

Pearson Chi-Square 9,112

^d

4 ,058

Likelihood Ratio 8,644 4 ,071

Linear-by-Linear Association 2,981 1 ,084

N of Valid Cases 297

Total

Pearson Chi-Square 7,257

^a

4 ,123

Likelihood Ratio 7,116 4 ,130

Linear-by-Linear Association ,059 1 ,808

N of Valid Cases 916

a. 0 cells (,0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 56,75.

b. 0 cells (,0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 14,81.

c. 0 cells (,0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 16,90.

d. 0 cells (,0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 10,37.

(4)

Chikwadraattoets Regio, 5 categorieën

Case Processing Summary

Cases

Valid Missing Total

N Percent N Percent N Percent

Jaar * Regio5 916 100,0% 0 0,0% 916 100,0%

**Jaar * Regio5 Crosstabulation**

Regio5 Total

Nederland Land Europese Unie Europese Unie Land Internationaal Internationaal

Jaar

1999

Count 166 20 29 37 29 281

% within Jaar 59,1% 7,1% 10,3% 13,2% 10,3% 100,0%

% within Regio5 30,7% 23,0% 28,2% 30,3% 46,0% 30,7%

% of Total 18,1% 2,2% 3,2% 4,0% 3,2% 30,7%

2005

Count 217 26 44 45 21 353

% within Jaar 61,5% 7,4% 12,5% 12,7% 5,9% 100,0%

% within Regio5 40,1% 29,9% 42,7% 36,9% 33,3% 38,5%

% of Total 23,7% 2,8% 4,8% 4,9% 2,3% 38,5%

2011

Count 158 41 30 40 13 282

% within Jaar 56,0% 14,5% 10,6% 14,2% 4,6% 100,0%

% within Regio5 29,2% 47,1% 29,1% 32,8% 20,6% 30,8%

% of Total 17,2% 4,5% 3,3% 4,4% 1,4% 30,8%

Total

Count 541 87 103 122 63 916

% within Jaar 59,1% 9,5% 11,2% 13,3% 6,9% 100,0%

% within Regio5 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

% of Total 59,1% 9,5% 11,2% 13,3% 6,9% 100,0%

(5)

Chi-Square Tests

Value df Asymp. Sig.

(2-sided)

Pearson Chi-Square 20,115

^a

8 ,010

Likelihood Ratio 18,997 8 ,015

Linear-by-Linear Association 1,041 1 ,307

N of Valid Cases 916

a. 0 cells (,0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 19,33.

(6)

Multivariate Variantieanalyse instituties

Multivariate Tests

^a

Effect Value F Hypothesis df Error df Sig. Partial Eta Squared Noncent. Parameter Observed Power

^d

Intercept

Pillai's Trace ,587 432,418

^b

3,000 911,000 ,000 ,587 1297,255 1,000

Wilks' Lambda ,413 432,418

^b

3,000 911,000 ,000 ,587 1297,255 1,000

Hotelling's Trace 1,424 432,418

^b

3,000 911,000 ,000 ,587 1297,255 1,000

Roy's Largest Root 1,424 432,418

^b

3,000 911,000 ,000 ,587 1297,255 1,000

Jaar

Pillai's Trace ,019 2,901 6,000 1824,000 ,008 ,009 17,408 ,899

Wilks' Lambda ,981 2,901

^b

6,000 1822,000 ,008 ,009 17,408 ,899

Hotelling's Trace ,019 2,901 6,000 1820,000 ,008 ,009 17,407 ,899

Roy's Largest Root ,014 4,279

^c

3,000 912,000 ,005 ,014 12,836 ,865

a. Design: Intercept + Jaar b. Exact statistic

Descriptive Statistics

Jaar Mean Std. Deviation N

InstitutiesNL

1999 1,38 1,454 281

2005 1,65 1,795 353

2011 1,24 1,385 282

Total 1,44 1,583 916

InstitutiesEU

1999 ,32 ,685 281

2005 ,35 ,724 353

2011 ,32 ,720 282

Total ,33 ,710 916

InstitutiesIN

1999 ,27 ,676 281

2005 ,20 ,584 353

2011 ,17 ,522 282

Total ,21 ,597 916

Between-Subjects Factors

Value Label N

Jaar

1 1999 281

2 2005 353

3 2011 282

(7)

c. The statistic is an upper bound on F that yields a lower bound on the significance level.

d. Computed using alpha = ,05

a. R Squared = ,012 (Adjusted R Squared = ,010) b. R Squared = ,000 (Adjusted R Squared = -,002) c. R Squared = ,005 (Adjusted R Squared = ,003) d. Computed using alpha = ,05

Tests of Between-Subjects Effects Source Dependent Variable Type III Sum of

Squares

df Mean Square F Sig. Partial Eta

Squared

Noncent.

Parameter

Observed Power

^d

Corrected Model

InstitutiesNL 27,502

^a

2 13,751 5,540 ,004 ,012 11,081 ,854

InstitutiesEU ,170

^b

2 ,085 ,168 ,845 ,000 ,337 ,076

InstitutiesIN 1,556

^c

2 ,778 2,189 ,113 ,005 4,378 ,448

Intercept

InstitutiesNL 1829,798 1 1829,798 737,225 ,000 ,447 737,225 1,000

InstitutiesEU 100,188 1 100,188 198,158 ,000 ,178 198,158 1,000

InstitutiesIN 42,004 1 42,004 118,178 ,000 ,115 118,178 1,000

Jaar

InstitutiesNL 27,502 2 13,751 5,540 ,004 ,012 11,081 ,854

InstitutiesEU ,170 2 ,085 ,168 ,845 ,000 ,337 ,076

InstitutiesIN 1,556 2 ,778 2,189 ,113 ,005 4,378 ,448

Error

InstitutiesNL 2266,074 913 2,482

InstitutiesEU 461,607 913 ,506

InstitutiesIN 324,505 913 ,355

Total

InstitutiesNL 4190,000 916

InstitutiesEU 564,000 916

InstitutiesIN 368,000 916

Corrected Total

InstitutiesNL 2293,576 915

InstitutiesEU 461,777 915

InstitutiesIN 326,061 915

(8)

Estimated Marginal Means

Jaar

Dependent Variable Jaar Mean Std. Error 95% Confidence Interval Lower Bound Upper Bound

InstitutiesNL

1999 1,381 ,094 1,196 1,565

2005 1,646 ,084 1,481 1,810

2011 1,238 ,094 1,053 1,422

InstitutiesEU

1999 ,324 ,042 ,241 ,407

2005 ,351 ,038 ,277 ,426

2011 ,323 ,042 ,240 ,406

InstitutiesIN

1999 ,274 ,036 ,204 ,344

2005 ,198 ,032 ,136 ,261

2011 ,174 ,036 ,104 ,243

(9)

Post Hoc Tests (Jaar)

Multiple Comparisons Tukey HSD

Dependent Variable (I) Jaar (J) Jaar Mean Difference (I-J)

Std. Error Sig. 95% Confidence Interval Lower Bound Upper Bound

InstitutiesNL

1999 2005 -,27 ,126 ,089 -,56 ,03

2011 ,14 ,133 ,528 -,17 ,45

2005 1999 ,27 ,126 ,089 -,03 ,56

2011 ,41

^*

,126 ,003 ,11 ,70

2011 1999 -,14 ,133 ,528 -,45 ,17

2005 -,41

^*

,126 ,003 -,70 -,11

InstitutiesEU

1999 2005 -,03 ,057 ,880 -,16 ,11

2011 ,00 ,060 1,000 -,14 ,14

2005 1999 ,03 ,057 ,880 -,11 ,16

2011 ,03 ,057 ,870 -,10 ,16

2011 1999 ,00 ,060 1,000 -,14 ,14

2005 -,03 ,057 ,870 -,16 ,10

InstitutiesIN

1999 2005 ,08 ,048 ,251 -,04 ,19

2011 ,10 ,050 ,114 -,02 ,22

2005 1999 -,08 ,048 ,251 -,19 ,04

2011 ,02 ,048 ,864 -,09 ,14

2011 1999 -,10 ,050 ,114 -,22 ,02

2005 -,02 ,048 ,864 -,14 ,09

Based on observed means.

The error term is Mean Square(Error) = ,355.

*. The mean difference is significant at the ,05 level.

(10)

Multivariate variantieanalyse identiteit, 3 categorieën

Multivariate Tests

^a

Effect Value F Hypothesis df Error df Sig. Partial Eta Squared Noncent. Parameter Observed Power

^d

Intercept

Pillai's Trace ,181 67,059

^b

3,000 911,000 ,000 ,181 201,177 1,000

Wilks' Lambda ,819 67,059

^b

3,000 911,000 ,000 ,181 201,177 1,000

Hotelling's Trace ,221 67,059

^b

3,000 911,000 ,000 ,181 201,177 1,000

Roy's Largest Root ,221 67,059

^b

3,000 911,000 ,000 ,181 201,177 1,000

Jaar

Pillai's Trace ,012 1,859 6,000 1824,000 ,084 ,006 11,151 ,699

Wilks' Lambda ,988 1,860

^b

6,000 1822,000 ,084 ,006 11,160 ,699

Hotelling's Trace ,012 1,862 6,000 1820,000 ,084 ,006 11,169 ,700

Roy's Largest Root ,011 3,343

^c

3,000 912,000 ,019 ,011 10,029 ,760

Descriptive Statistics

Jaar Mean Std. Deviation N

ReferentiesNL

1999 ,85 1,994 281

2005 1,40 3,916 353

2011 1,67 4,886 282

Total 1,31 3,815 916

ReferentiesEU2

1999 ,23 1,197 281

2005 ,24 1,024 353

2011 ,46 2,304 282

Total ,30 1,576 916

ReferentiesIN2

1999 ,26 1,028 281

2005 ,29 1,408 353

2011 ,28 1,130 282

Total ,28 1,216 916

Between-Subjects Factors

Value Label N

Jaar

1 1999 281

2 2005 353

3 2011 282

(11)

a. Design: Intercept + Jaar b. Exact statistic

c. The statistic is an upper bound on F that yields a lower bound on the significance level.

d. Computed using alpha = ,05

Tests of Between-Subjects Effects Source Dependent Variable Type III Sum of

Squares

df Mean Square F Sig. Partial Eta

Squared

Noncent.

Parameter

Observed Power

^d

Corrected Model

ReferentiesNL 96,917

^a

2 48,459 3,347 ,036 ,007 6,693 ,633

ReferentiesEU2 9,560

^b

2 4,780 1,929 ,146 ,004 3,858 ,401

ReferentiesIN2 ,190

^c

2 ,095 ,064 ,938 ,000 ,128 ,060

Intercept

ReferentiesNL 1544,194 1 1544,194 106,644 ,000 ,105 106,644 1,000

ReferentiesEU2 86,814 1 86,814 35,033 ,000 ,037 35,033 1,000

ReferentiesIN2 70,083 1 70,083 47,318 ,000 ,049 47,318 1,000

Jaar

ReferentiesNL 96,917 2 48,459 3,347 ,036 ,007 6,693 ,633

ReferentiesEU2 9,560 2 4,780 1,929 ,146 ,004 3,858 ,401

ReferentiesIN2 ,190 2 ,095 ,064 ,938 ,000 ,128 ,060

Error

ReferentiesNL 13220,160 913 14,480

ReferentiesEU2 2262,461 913 2,478

ReferentiesIN2 1352,264 913 1,481

Total

ReferentiesNL 14897,000 916

ReferentiesEU2 2357,000 916

ReferentiesIN2 1424,000 916

Corrected Total

ReferentiesNL 13317,078 915

ReferentiesEU2 2272,021 915

ReferentiesIN2 1352,454 915

a. R Squared = ,007 (Adjusted R Squared = ,005)

(12)

b. R Squared = ,004 (Adjusted R Squared = ,002) c. R Squared = ,000 (Adjusted R Squared = -,002) d. Computed using alpha = ,05

Estimated Marginal Means

Jaar

Dependent Variable Jaar Mean Std. Error 95% Confidence Interval Lower Bound Upper Bound

ReferentiesNL

1999 ,854 ,227 ,409 1,300

2005 1,397 ,203 ,999 1,794

2011 1,667 ,227 1,222 2,111

ReferentiesEU2

1999 ,228 ,094 ,043 ,412

2005 ,244 ,084 ,079 ,408

2011 ,457 ,094 ,273 ,641

ReferentiesIN2

1999 ,260 ,073 ,117 ,402

2005 ,295 ,065 ,167 ,422

2011 ,280 ,072 ,138 ,422

(13)

Post Hoc Tests (Jaar)

Multiple Comparisons Tukey HSD

Dependent Variable (I) Jaar (J) Jaar Mean Difference (I-J)

Std. Error Sig. 95% Confidence Interval Lower Bound Upper Bound

ReferentiesNL

1999 2005 -,54 ,304 ,176 -1,26 ,17

2011 -,81

^*

,321 ,031 -1,57 -,06

2005 1999 ,54 ,304 ,176 -,17 1,26

2011 -,27 ,304 ,648 -,98 ,44

2011 1999 ,81

^*

,321 ,031 ,06 1,57

2005 ,27 ,304 ,648 -,44 ,98

ReferentiesEU2

1999 2005 -,02 ,126 ,991 -,31 ,28

2011 -,23 ,133 ,194 -,54 ,08

2005 1999 ,02 ,126 ,991 -,28 ,31

2011 -,21 ,126 ,205 -,51 ,08

2011 1999 ,23 ,133 ,194 -,08 ,54

2005 ,21 ,126 ,205 -,08 ,51

ReferentiesIN2

1999 2005 -,03 ,097 ,932 -,26 ,19

2011 -,02 ,103 ,979 -,26 ,22

2005 1999 ,03 ,097 ,932 -,19 ,26

2011 ,01 ,097 ,988 -,21 ,24

2011 1999 ,02 ,103 ,979 -,22 ,26

2005 -,01 ,097 ,988 -,24 ,21

Based on observed means.

The error term is Mean Square(Error) = 1,481.

*. The mean difference is significant at the ,05 level.

(14)

Multivariate variantieanalyse identiteit, 5 categorieën

Between-Subjects Factors

Value Label N

Jaar

1 1999 281

2 2005 353

3 2011 282

Descriptive Statistics

Jaar Mean Std. Deviation N

ReferentiesNL

1999 ,85 1,994 281

2005 1,40 3,916 353

2011 1,67 4,886 282

Total 1,31 3,815 916

ReferentiesLE

1999 ,04 ,290 281

2005 ,07 ,456 353

2011 ,28 1,554 282

Total ,13 ,926 916

ReferentiesEU

1999 ,19 1,156 281

2005 ,17 ,918 353

2011 ,18 1,699 282

Total ,18 1,273 916

ReferentiesLI

1999 ,21 ,955 281

2005 ,17 ,939 353

2011 ,15 ,681 282

Total ,18 ,873 916

ReferentiesIN

1999 ,05 ,307 281

2005 ,12 ,875 353

2011 ,13 ,904 282

Total ,10 ,759 916

(15)

104 a. Design: Intercept + Jaar

b. Exact statistic

c. The statistic is an upper bound on F that yields a lower bound on the significance level.

d. Computed using alpha = ,05

Multivariate Tests

^a

Effect Value F Hypothesis df Error df Sig. Partial Eta Squared Noncent. Parameter Observed Power

^d

Intercept

Pillai's Trace ,185 41,173

^b

5,000 909,000 ,000 ,185 205,865 1,000

Wilks' Lambda ,815 41,173

^b

5,000 909,000 ,000 ,185 205,865 1,000

Hotelling's Trace ,226 41,173

^b

5,000 909,000 ,000 ,185 205,865 1,000

Roy's Largest Root ,226 41,173

^b

5,000 909,000 ,000 ,185 205,865 1,000

Jaar

Pillai's Trace ,023 2,143 10,000 1820,000 ,019 ,012 21,430 ,913

Wilks' Lambda ,977 2,148

^b

10,000 1818,000 ,018 ,012 21,480 ,914

Hotelling's Trace ,024 2,153 10,000 1816,000 ,018 ,012 21,531 ,914

Roy's Largest Root ,021 3,811

^c

5,000 910,000 ,002 ,021 19,053 ,940

Tests of Between-Subjects Effects Source Dependent Variable Type III Sum of

Squares

df Mean Square F Sig. Partial Eta

Squared

Noncent.

Parameter

Observed Power

^f

Corrected Model

ReferentiesNL 96,917

^a

2 48,459 3,347 ,036 ,007 6,693 ,633

ReferentiesLE 9,724

^b

2 4,862 5,724 ,003 ,012 11,447 ,866

ReferentiesEU ,024

^c

2 ,012 ,007 ,993 ,000 ,015 ,051

ReferentiesLI ,547

^d

2 ,273 ,359 ,699 ,001 ,717 ,108

ReferentiesIN 1,195

^e

2 ,597 1,038 ,355 ,002 2,076 ,232

Intercept

ReferentiesNL 1544,194 1 1544,194 106,644 ,000 ,105 106,644 1,000

ReferentiesLE 15,595 1 15,595 18,358 ,000 ,020 18,358 ,990

ReferentiesEU 28,820 1 28,820 17,755 ,000 ,019 17,755 ,988

ReferentiesLI 29,214 1 29,214 38,317 ,000 ,040 38,317 1,000

ReferentiesIN 8,801 1 8,801 15,289 ,000 ,016 15,289 ,974

Jaar

ReferentiesNL 96,917 2 48,459 3,347 ,036 ,007 6,693 ,633

ReferentiesLE 9,724 2 4,862 5,724 ,003 ,012 11,447 ,866

ReferentiesEU ,024 2 ,012 ,007 ,993 ,000 ,015 ,051

ReferentiesLI ,547 2 ,273 ,359 ,699 ,001 ,717 ,108

(16)

Tests of Between-Subjects Effects Source Dependent Variable Type III Sum of

Squares

df Mean Square F Sig. Partial Eta

Squared

Noncent.

Parameter

Observed Power

^f

Error

ReferentiesNL 13220,160 913 14,480

ReferentiesLE 775,586 913 ,849

ReferentiesEU 1481,971 913 1,623

ReferentiesLI 696,091 913 ,762

ReferentiesIN 525,565 913 ,576

Total

ReferentiesNL 14897,000 916

ReferentiesLE 800,000 916

ReferentiesEU 1511,000 916

ReferentiesLI 726,000 916

ReferentiesIN 536,000 916

Corrected Total

ReferentiesNL 13317,078 915

ReferentiesLE 785,310

^a

915 ReferentiesEU 1481,995

^b

915 ReferentiesLI 696,638

^c

915 ReferentiesIN 526,760

^d

915 a. R Squared = ,007 (Adjusted R Squared = ,005)

b. R Squared = ,012 (Adjusted R Squared = ,010)

c. R Squared = ,000 (Adjusted R Squared = -,002)

d. R Squared = ,001 (Adjusted R Squared = -,001)

e. R Squared = ,002 (Adjusted R Squared = ,000)

f. Computed using alpha = ,05

(17)

Estimated Marginal Means

Post Hoc Tests (Jaar)

Multiple Comparisons

Tukey HSD

Dependent Variable (I) Jaar (J) Jaar Mean Difference (I-J)

Std. Error Sig. 95% Confidence Interval Lower Bound Upper Bound

ReferentiesNL

1999 2005 -,54 ,304 ,176 -1,26 ,17

2011 -,81

^*

,321 ,031 -1,57 -,06

2005 1999 ,54 ,304 ,176 -,17 1,26

2011 -,27 ,304 ,648 -,98 ,44

2011 1999 ,81

^*

,321 ,031 ,06 1,57

2005 ,27 ,304 ,648 -,44 ,98

Jaar

Dependent Variable Jaar Mean Std. Error 95% Confidence Interval Lower Bound Upper Bound

ReferentiesNL

1999 ,854 ,227 ,409 1,300

2005 1,397 ,203 ,999 1,794

2011 1,667 ,227 1,222 2,111

ReferentiesLE

1999 ,043 ,055 -,065 ,151

2005 ,071 ,049 -,025 ,167

2011 ,280 ,055 ,172 ,388

ReferentiesEU

1999 ,185 ,076 ,036 ,334

2005 ,173 ,068 ,040 ,306

2011 ,177 ,076 ,028 ,326

ReferentiesLI

1999 ,214 ,052 ,111 ,316

2005 ,173 ,046 ,082 ,264

2011 ,152 ,052 ,050 ,255

ReferentiesIN

1999 ,046 ,045 -,043 ,135

2005 ,122 ,040 ,043 ,201

2011 ,128 ,045 ,039 ,216

(18)

Tukey HSD Multiple Comparisons Dependent Variable (I) Jaar (J) Jaar Mean Difference

(I-J)

Std. Error Sig. 95% Confidence Interval Lower Bound Upper Bound

ReferentiesLE

1999 2005 -,03 ,074 ,923 -,20 ,14

2011 -,24

^*

,078 ,007 -,42 -,06

2005 1999 ,03 ,074 ,923 -,14 ,20

2011 -,21

^*

,074 ,013 -,38 -,04

2011 1999 ,24

^*

,078 ,007 ,06 ,42

2005 ,21

^*

,074 ,013 ,04 ,38

ReferentiesEU

1999 2005 ,01 ,102 ,992 -,23 ,25

2011 ,01 ,107 ,997 -,24 ,26

2005 1999 -,01 ,102 ,992 -,25 ,23

2011 ,00 ,102 ,999 -,24 ,23

2011 1999 -,01 ,107 ,997 -,26 ,24

2005 ,00 ,102 ,999 -,23 ,24

ReferentiesLI

1999 2005 ,04 ,070 ,829 -,12 ,20

2011 ,06 ,074 ,685 -,11 ,23

2005 1999 -,04 ,070 ,829 -,20 ,12

2011 ,02 ,070 ,954 -,14 ,18

2011 1999 -,06 ,074 ,685 -,23 ,11

2005 -,02 ,070 ,954 -,18 ,14

ReferentiesIN

1999 2005 -,08 ,061 ,427 -,22 ,07

2011 -,08

^*

,064 ,411 -,23 ,07

2005 1999 ,08 ,061 ,427 -,07 ,22

2011 -,01 ,061 ,995 -,15 ,14

2011 1999 ,08

^*

,064 ,411 -,07 ,23

2005 ,01 ,061 ,995 -,14 ,15

Based on observed means. The error term is Mean Square(Error) = ,576.

*. The mean difference is significant at the ,05 level.

(19)

Multivariate Variantieanalyse citaten

Multivariate Tests

^a

Effect Value F Hypothesis df Error df Sig. Partial Eta Squared Noncent. Parameter Observed Power

^d

Intercept

Pillai's Trace ,468 267,314

^b

3,000 911,000 ,000 ,468 801,943 1,000

Wilks' Lambda ,532 267,314

^b

3,000 911,000 ,000 ,468 801,943 1,000

Hotelling's Trace ,880 267,314

^b

3,000 911,000 ,000 ,468 801,943 1,000

Roy's Largest Root ,880 267,314

^b

3,000 911,000 ,000 ,468 801,943 1,000

Jaar

Pillai's Trace ,017 2,532 6,000 1824,000 ,019 ,008 15,190 ,847

Wilks' Lambda ,984 2,530

^b

6,000 1822,000 ,019 ,008 15,180 ,847

Hotelling's Trace ,017 2,528 6,000 1820,000 ,019 ,008 15,170 ,846

Roy's Largest Root ,011 3,362

^c

3,000 912,000 ,018 ,011 10,085 ,763

a. Design: Intercept + Jaar b. Exact statistic

c. The statistic is an upper bound on F that yields a lower bound on the significance level.

d. Computed using alpha = ,05

Descriptive Statistics

Jaar Mean Std. Deviation N

CitatieNL

1999 ,80 1,158 281

2005 1,12 1,621 353

2011 ,89 1,445 282

Total ,95 1,443 916

CitatieEU

1999 ,28 ,830 281

2005 ,28 ,774 353

2011 ,41 1,163 282

Total ,32 ,928 916

CitatieIN

1999 ,30 ,959 281

2005 ,23 ,719 353

2011 ,36 ,964 282

Total ,29 ,877 916

Between-Subjects Factors

Value Label N

Jaar

1 1999 281

2 2005 353

3 2011 282

(20)

a. R Squared = ,009 (Adjusted R Squared = ,007) b. R Squared = ,004 (Adjusted R Squared = ,002) c. R Squared = ,004 (Adjusted R Squared = ,002) d. Computed using alpha = ,05

Tests of Between-Subjects Effects Source Dependent Variable Type III Sum of

Squares

df Mean Square F Sig. Partial Eta

Squared

Noncent.

Parameter

Observed Power

^d

Corrected Model

CitatieNL 17,540

^a

2 8,770 4,243 ,015 ,009 8,485 ,743

CitatieEU 3,411

^b

2 1,706 1,987 ,138 ,004 3,973 ,412

CitatieIN 2,909

^c

2 1,455 1,897 ,151 ,004 3,793 ,395

Intercept

CitatieNL 794,421 1 794,421 384,319 ,000 ,296 384,319 1,000

CitatieEU 94,701 1 94,701 110,302 ,000 ,108 110,302 1,000

CitatieIN 79,854 1 79,854 104,113 ,000 ,102 104,113 1,000

Jaar

CitatieNL 17,540 2 8,770 4,243 ,015 ,009 8,485 ,743

CitatieEU 3,411 2 1,706 1,987 ,138 ,004 3,973 ,412

CitatieIN 2,909 2 1,455 1,897 ,151 ,004 3,793 ,395

Error

CitatieNL 1887,249 913 2,067

CitatieEU 783,867 913 ,859

CitatieIN 700,264 913 ,767

Total

CitatieNL 2733,000 916

CitatieEU 881,000 916

CitatieIN 781,000 916

Corrected Total

CitatieNL 1904,789 915

CitatieEU 787,278 915

CitatieIN 703,174 915

(21)

Estimated Marginal Means

Jaar

Dependent Variable Jaar Mean Std. Error 95% Confidence Interval Lower Bound Upper Bound

CitatieNL

1999 ,797 ,086 ,629 ,965

2005 1,119 ,077 ,969 1,269

2011 ,894 ,086 ,726 1,062

CitatieEU

1999 ,281 ,055 ,173 ,390

2005 ,278 ,049 ,181 ,374

2011 ,411 ,055 ,303 ,520

CitatieIN

1999 ,302 ,052 ,200 ,405

2005 ,227 ,047 ,135 ,318

2011 ,362 ,052 ,259 ,464

(22)

Post Hoc Tests Jaar

Multiple Comparisons

Tukey HSD

Dependent Variable (I) Jaar (J) Jaar Mean Difference (I-J)

Std. Error Sig. 95% Confidence Interval Lower Bound Upper Bound

CitatieNL

1999 2005 -,32

^*

,115 ,014 -,59 -,05

2011 -,10 ,121 ,706 -,38 ,19

2005 1999 ,32

^*

,115 ,014 ,05 ,59

2011 ,23 ,115 ,122 -,04 ,49

2011 1999 ,10 ,121 ,706 -,19 ,38

2005 -,23 ,115 ,122 -,49 ,04

CitatieEU

1999 2005 ,00 ,074 ,999 -,17 ,18

2011 -,13 ,078 ,218 -,31 ,05

2005 1999 ,00 ,074 ,999 -,18 ,17

2011 -,13 ,074 ,168 -,31 ,04

2011 1999 ,13 ,078 ,218 -,05 ,31

2005 ,13 ,074 ,168 -,04 ,31

CitatieIN

1999 2005 ,08 ,070 ,525 -,09 ,24

2011 -,06 ,074 ,702 -,23 ,11

2005 1999 -,08 ,070 ,525 -,24 ,09

2011 -,14 ,070 ,131 -,30 ,03

2011 1999 ,06 ,074 ,702 -,11 ,23

2005 ,14 ,070 ,131 -,03 ,30

Based on observed means.

The error term is Mean Square(Error) = ,767.

*. The mean difference is significant at the ,05 level.

(23)

Chikwadraattoets Externe bijdragen

Case Processing Summary

Cases

Valid Missing Total

N Percent N Percent N Percent

Jaar * Extern 127 13,9% 789 86,1% 916 100,0%

**Jaar * Extern Crosstabulation**

Extern Total

Nederland Europese Unie Internationaal

Jaar

1999

Count 20 1 2 23

% within Jaar 87,0% 4,3% 8,7% 100,0%

% within Extern 17,7% 12,5% 33,3% 18,1%

% of Total 15,7% 0,8% 1,6% 18,1%

2005

Count 40 3 4 47

% within Jaar 85,1% 6,4% 8,5% 100,0%

% within Extern 35,4% 37,5% 66,7% 37,0%

% of Total 31,5% 2,4% 3,1% 37,0%

2011

Count 53 4 0 57

% within Jaar 93,0% 7,0% 0,0% 100,0%

% within Extern 46,9% 50,0% 0,0% 44,9%

% of Total 41,7% 3,1% 0,0% 44,9%

Total

Count 113 8 6 127

% within Jaar 89,0% 6,3% 4,7% 100,0%

% within Extern 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

% of Total 89,0% 6,3% 4,7% 100,0%

(24)

Chi-Square Tests

Value df Asymp. Sig.

(2-sided)

Pearson Chi-Square 5,266

^a

4 ,261

Likelihood Ratio 7,543 4 ,110

Linear-by-Linear Association 2,487 1 ,115

N of Valid Cases 127

a. 6 cells (66,7%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 1,09.