Potenti
al
of
web-col
l
aborati
ve
pl
atforms
to
support
knowl
edge
exchange
i
n
ri
ver
management
V.J. Cortes
Areval
o (1), S.J.M.H. Hul
scher (1) & M.C. van der Voort (2)
(1) Department of Water Engi
neeri
ng and Management,
(2) Human Centred Desi
gn at the Facul
ty of Engi
neeri
ng
Technol
ogy,
Uni
versi
ty of
Twente, PO Box 217, 7500
AE Enschede,
The Netherl
ands
Correspondi
ng author: v.j
.cortesareval
o@utwente.nl
WEB-
COLLABORATI
VE
PLATFORM
e.
g.
i
dent
i
f
yi
ng
cr
i
t
i
cal
poi
nt
s
e.
g.
communi
cat
i
ng
sci
ent
i
f
i
c
assumpt
i
ons
e.
g.
el
i
ci
t
at
i
on
of
deci
si
on
cr
i
t
er
i
a
Data upload and sharing Problem identification Alternatives identification Decision-making preferences
Knowl
edge
exchange
i
n
r
i
ver
management
-
Adapt
i
ve
and
i
nt
egr
at
ed
r
i
ver
management
i
s
i
ncr
easi
ngl
y
r
equi
r
ed
t
o
cope
wi
t
h
changi
ng
r
i
ver
syst
ems
and
mul
t
i
-
f
unct
i
onal
r
equi
r
ement
s
[
1]
.
-
The
i
mpor
t
ance
of
col
l
abor
at
i
on
bet
ween
di
f
f
er
ent
st
akehol
der
s
gr
oups
i
n
a
mul
t
i
di
sci
pl
i
nar
y
envi
r
onment
i
s
bei
ng
wi
del
y
r
ecogni
zed
t
o
suppor
t
knowl
edge
ex-change
i
n
r
i
ver
management
[
2]
.
-
Knowl
edge
exchange
can
be
f
or
exampl
e
by
[
3]
,
[
4]
&
[
5]
:
-
Web-
based
I
S
and
DSS
can
f
aci
l
i
t
at
e
a
knowl
edge
man-agement
base
and
col
l
abor
at
i
ve
i
nt
er
act
i
ons
bet
ween
t
he
var
i
et
y
of
user
gr
oups
i
nvol
ved.
-
The
gap
bet
ween
syst
em
desi
gn
and
use
[
6,
7]
r
equi
r
es
user
cent
er
ed
desi
gn
appr
oaches
and
i
t
er
at
i
ve
desi
gn
of
pr
ot
ot
ypes.
Focus
i
s
on
usef
ul
ness
cr
i
t
er
i
a
and
cor
e-
f
unc-t
i
onal
i
t
i
es.
User
-
cent
er
ed
desi
gn
of
i
nf
or
mat
i
on
(
I
S)
and
deci
si
on
suppor
t
syst
ems
(
DSS)
Dat
a
base
t
i
er
(
i
ncl
udi
ng
met
adat
a)
Backgr
ound
document
s
Sci
ent
i
f
i
c
model
l
i
ng
out
put
s
Dat
a
f
r
om
of
f
i
ci
al
sour
ces
Backgr
ound
spat
i
al
dat
a
*Li
nk
wi
t
h
deci
si
on
suppor
t
and
eval
uat
i
on
met
hods
Dat
a
expl
or
at
i
on,
synt
hesi
s
and
anal
ysi
s
Dat
a
access
&
vi
sual
i
zat
i
on
Logi
c
t
i
er
*
Li
nk
wi
t
h
r
i
ver
management
opt
i
mi
zat
i
on
sub-
pr
oj
ect
i
n
Ri
ver
Car
e
**
Li
nk
wi
t
h
t
he
vi
r
t
ual
game
sub-
pr
oj
ect
i
n
Ri
ver
Car
e
***
Li
nk
wi
t
h
gover
nance
pr
oj
ect
i
n
Ri
ver
Car
e
Col
l
abor
at
i
ve
t
ool
s
WI
KI
(
connect
A)
synchr
i
on
onous
vi
**
r
t
Li
ual
nk
game
wi
t
h
Pr
esent
at
i
on
t
i
er
Dat
a
upl
oad
and
shar
i
ng
Dat
a
di
ssemi
nat
i
on
e.
g.
i
dent
i
f
yi
ng
cr
i
t
i
cal
poi
nt
s
e.
g.
communi
cat
i
ng
sci
ent
i
f
i
c
assumpt
i
ons
e.
g.
el
i
ci
t
at
i
on
of
deci
si
on
cr
i
t
er
i
a
Pr
obl
em
i
dent
i
f
i
cat
i
on
Al
t
er
nat
i
ves
i
dent
i
f
i
cat
i
on
Deci
si
on-
maki
ng
pr
ef
er
ences
Knowl
edge
exchange
i
n
r
i
ver
management
***User
groups
Expertpanel Authorities
Is localexperience/under -standing also knowledge? Do we count?
I’m local authority
Irepresentthe regionalone
Pot
ent
i
al
usef
ul
ness
and
appl
i
cabi
l
i
t
y:
Ri
ver
Car
e
cont
ext
-
The
i
nt
ended
out
come
i
s
a
web-
col
l
abor
at
i
ve
pl
at
f
or
m
t
o
di
ssemi
nat
e
Ri
ver
Car
e
out
put
s
and
t
o
demonst
r
at
e
i
t
s
ap-pl
i
cabi
l
i
t
y
t
owar
ds
shar
ed-
under
st
adi
ng
of
l
ong-
t
er
m
r
i
ver
management
i
nt
er
vent
i
ons.
-
Knowl
edge
pr
ovi
der
s
compr
i
se
but
ar
e
not
l
i
mi
t
ed
t
o
t
he
Ri
ver
Car
e
r
esear
cher
s.
-
Knowel
dge
user
s
ar
e
i
nt
i
al
l
y
r
epr
esent
ed
by
t
he
i
nst
i
-t
ut
es,
compani
es
and
gover
nment
al
bodi
es
t
hat
i
nt
egr
at
e
t
he
Ri
ver
Car
e
user
st
af
f
commi
t
t
ees.
-
Desi
gn
and
devel
opment
i
s
bui
l
t
up
f
r
om
pr
evi
ous
pr
o-j
ect
exper
i
ences
(
e.
g.
Ref
or
m,
ZandMot
or
,
Nat
ur
eCoast
&
Changes)
.
-
Al
t
hough
t
he
out
come
i
s
a
pr
ot
ot
ype
web-
pl
at
f
or
m
such
out
come
wi
l
l
not
aut
omat
i
cal
l
y
i
mpl
y
hi
gher
i
n-t
er
act
i
ons
bet
ween
t
he
user
gr
oups
i
nvol
ved.
-
Thus,
we
ai
m
at
eval
uat
i
ng
t
he
usef
ul
ness
and
ap-pl
i
cabi
l
i
t
y
of
such
out
come
as
means
t
owar
ds
a
shar
ed
under
st
andi
ng
of
l
ong
t
er
m
r
i
ver
manage-ment
i
nt
er
vent
i
ons.
-
The
desi
gn
pr
ocess
shoul
d
be
based
on
SMART
out
comes
(
speci
f
i
c,
measur
abl
e,
at
t
ai
nabl
e,
r
el
e-vant
and
t
i
me-
bounded)
t
o
be
agr
eed
wi
t
h
t
he
i
nt
en-ded
user
s.
Concl
udi
ng
r
emar
ks
Aknowl
edgement
s:
Ri
ver
Car
e
i
s
f
unded
by
STW,
par
t
of
t
he
Dut
ch
Or
gani
za-t
i
on
f
or
Sci
ent
i
f
i
c
Resear
ch
under
gr
ant
number
P12-
P14
(
Per
spect
i
ve
Pr
ogamme)
.
Ref
er
ences:
[1]Pahl-Wostl,C.2006.The Importance ofSocialLearning in Restoring the Multifunctionality ofRivers and Floodplains.Ecology and Society 11(1):10.
[2]Reed,M.S.,L.C.Stringer,I.Fazey,A.C.Evely,and J.H.J.Kruijsen 2014.Five Principles forthe Practice ofKnowledge change in EnvironmentalManagement.JournalofEnvironmentalManagement146:337–345.
[3]Evers,M.,A.Jonoski,č.Maksimovič,etal.2012 Collaborative Modelling forActive InvolvementofStakeholders in Urban Flood Risk Management.NaturalHazards and Earth System Science 12(9):2821–2842.
[4]
[4]Voinov,A.and Bousquet,F.2010 Modelling with Stakeholders.EnvironmentalModelling & Software 25:1268–1281.
[5]Aye,Z.C.,Sprague,T.,Cortes Arevalo,V.J.etal.Submitted,A Collaborative (web-GIS)Framework based on Observations ofThree Case Studies in Europe forRisk ManagementofHydro-MeteorologicalHazards.InternationalJournalofDisasterRisk Reduction.
[7]McIntosh,B.S.,C.Giupponi,A.A.Voinov,etal.2008 ChapterThree Bridging the Gaps between Design and Use:Developing Tools to SupportEnvironmentalManagementand Policy.Developments in Integrated EnvironmentalAssessment3:33–48. [8]Junie
[8]Junier,S.and Mostert,E.2014 A Decision SupportSystem forthe Implementation ofthe WaterFramework Directive in the Netherlands:Process,Validity and UsefulInformation.EnvironmentalScience & Policy 40:49–56.
