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Duurzame energiemix voor Drenthe (interview met S. Stremke)

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Bargerveen, Drenthe

178

Population density (inhabitants/ km2

178

power plant (60 MW) gas extraction gas processing oil-pump wind turbine historical windmill

combined head-power plant (2 x 30 KW)

waste incinerator

buildings

greenhouses

municipality border

border case study

1 - 100 101 - 500 501 - 1000 1001 - 2000 2001 - 4000 4001 - 6000 6001 - 8540 Present energy consumption/

conversion and provision

harbour

hospital

gas station

holiday park

indoor swimming pool

waste-water-treatment plant

heavy industry

other industry

district heating

greenhouse heat and CO2-grid

storage tank

gas pipeline (national)

gas pipeline (regional/ NAM + Gasunie

8 bar gas pipeline (regional)

2-3 bar gas pipeline (local/ cityscale)

oil pipeline (not in use)

freeway

highway

railroad

overhead electricity powerline 380 kV

overhead electricity powerline 110 kV

179

179

Duurzame energiemix voor Drenthe

Sustainable energy mix for Drenthe

sv e n .s tr e m k e @ w u r.n l

Nabijheid en een mix van energiebronnen. Dat zijn de kernwoorden voor de energievoorziening van de toekomst, op basis van hernieuwbare energie. ‘De provincie Drenthe zou zich over der-tig jaar helemaal via hernieuwbare energiebron-nen van energie kunenergiebron-nen voorzien’, vertelt land-schapsarchitect Sven Stremke.

Stremke werkte als promovendus de afgelopen jaren mee in het SREX-project naar ‘exergieplan-ning’ op regionale schaal, ofwel: hoe kun je Nederland zo goed mogelijk organiseren en inrichten in de overgang naar duurzame energie. De veranderingen hoeven niet eens drastisch te zijn, vertelt Stremke. Wel verschillen de oplos-singen voor stedelijk en plattelandsgebied. ‘In steden kun je meer met netwerken doen en bij-voorbeeld restwarmte benutten van industrie voor een woonwijk. Een nieuwbouwwijk kun je energieneutraal maken of zelfs energie laten leveren.’ Huizen op het platteland zijn lastiger aan te sluiten op een warmtenetwerk. ‘Daar zijn kleinschaliger oplossingen nodig. Dorpen heb-ben meer aan een gezamenlijk beheerde kleine energiecentrale die draait op lokale biomassa.’ De onderzoekers brachten om te beginnen het regionale duurzame energiepotentieel in kaart. Daarna werden integrale energievisies ontwor-pen, gebaseerd op al bestaande sociaaleconomi-sche scenario’s. Voor elke regio werden vier ener-gievisies op kaart uitgewerkt. Als bijvoorbeeld de glastuinbouw in Zuid-Oost Drenthe uitbreidt, dan kun je de stad Emmen via een warmtenet-werk van energie gaan voorzien. Valt de glastuin-bouw weg omdat er door de hoge gasprijzen geen geld meer te verdienen is, dan zijn andere oplos-singen mogelijk.

De kaarten hebben volgens Stremke beleidsma-kers een beter beeld gegeven van een duurzame

energietoekomst van hun regio. ‘De kaarten waren belangrijke input bij discussies en overleg. Je hebt dit soort visualisaties echt nodig als je een integrale visie wilt ontwikkelen.’

Het onderzoek was het startdocument voor de energietransitie in Oost Drenthe en Zuid-Limburg. Stremke: ‘In Duitsland en Denemarken gebeurt de energietransitie al wel op lokale schaal. Juist de regionale schaal en de combina-tie van duurzame bronnen en restwarmte is het meest innovatieve in dit project.’ In 2011 werkt hij bij zijn leerstoelgroep Landschapsarchi tectuur verder aan energievisies voor vier ge -meenten in Overijssel en voor de Veenkoloniën.

Close proximity and a mix of energy sources. These are the key words for the energy supply of the future, based on renewable energy. ‘Thirty years from now, the province of Drenthe could get all of its energy from renewable energy sources’, says landscape architect Sven Stremke. Stremke worked for the last few years as a PhD researcher on the SREX project, which looked at ‘exergy’ planning on a regional scale. This means looking for the best ways to organise and equip the Netherlands for the transition to sustainable energy. The changes do not even have to be drastic, explains Stremke. The solutions are dif-ferent, however, for urban and rural areas. ‘In cities you can do more with networks and use residual heat produced by an industry for a neighbourhood. A new residential area can be made energy neutral or can even supply energy.’ It is more difficult to connect houses in rural areas to district heating. ‘More small-scale solu-tions are needed there. Villages can benefit more from a jointly managed small power station that operates on locally produced biomass.’ The

rese-archers began by mapping the regional sustaina-ble energy potential. They then designed integra-ted ‘energy visions’, based on existing socio-economic scenarios. Four energy visions were put on the map for each region. If, for example, greenhouse horticulture in South-East Drenthe were to expand, it could supply the city of Emmen with energy through district heating. If greenhouse horticulture were to decline because high gas prices make it no longer profitable, other solutions would be possible. Stremke believes the maps help policymakers visualise a sustainable energy future for their regions. ‘The maps served as important input in the discussi-ons and negotiatidiscussi-ons. You really need this kind of visualisation in order to develop an integrated vision.’ The research was the starting document for energy transfer in South-East Drenthe and South-Limburg. Stremke: ‘Energy transition already takes place on a local scale in Germany and Denmark. The regional scale and combina-tion of sustainable sources with district heating are what make this project unique.’ In 2011 he will be working further with his Landscape Architecture Chair Group on energy visions for four municipalities in Overijssel and for the Veenkoloniën area.

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180

180

1 - 100 101 - 500 501 - 1000 1001 - 2000 2001 - 4000 4001 - 6000 6001 - 8540 Energy potentials SE Drenthe

Biomass

buildings outside settlements

greenhouses

landfill

park; sportsground; allotment garden

nursery orchard deciduous forest mixed forest coniferous forest heather arable pasture

Population density (inhabitants/ km2)

organic waste collection

waste-water-treatment plant

reed/ swamp

storage tank

meat processing (Hendrix)

cattle farm zoo harbour hedge row of trees freeway highway regional road

181

181

Integrated energy vision 2040

electricity from geothermal energy

heat from geothermal source

micro-chp (base on wood/ building scale)

heat/ cold storage (aquifer)

gas storage (in depleted gas field)

ecological waste-water treatment plant (greywater)

waste-water tratment plant (surplus biogas to grid)

fermentation of manure boigas to grid

algae production (fuel)

chp based on gas

chp

heat cold pump (closed system)

gas extraction with potential carbon storage

greenhouse heat and CO2grid

existing district heating grid

new district heating grid

organic waste collection

biobased chemical industry (heat cascading)

swimming pool (heat required)

new overhead electricity powerline (renewable)

urban heat network

gas network

new greenhouses + dwellings (integrated)

energy neutral greenhouse area

search area wind park

mixed areas (PV and boiler)

pv-cells in business park and industry

second generation biomass (from nature areas)

new residential area with energy-neutral houses

search area carbon sequestening through nature development

road energy with potential heat/cold storage using aquifers in urban areas

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