Top 3 knelpunten online shoppen
5.2. Samenvattende conclusie
Het succes van technologische innovaties wordt in grote mate beïnvloed door een goede introductie-‐ of ‘go-‐to-‐ market’-‐strategie. Het is daarom belangrijk om een grondige kennis te hebben van de attitude en voorkeuren van consumenten ten aanzien van technologie-‐acceptatie. Naarmate technologische innovaties elkaar opvolgen en een toenemend aantal van deze innovaties faalt, worden diepgaande inzichten in de determinanten voor adoptie en effectief gebruik cruciaal. Dit om te vermijden dat de toekomst van voice shopping via smart speakers, of smart speakers tout court, zal eindigen zoals die van de Google Glass, QR-‐codes of 3D-‐brillen.
Met het originele technology acceptance model (TAM) van Davis als startpunt probeerden we een nieuw onderzoeksmodel op te bouwen dat specifiek de huidige adoptie-‐interesse van Vlaamse millennials naar e-‐ commerce via smart speakers onderzocht. Enkele wetenschappelijke werken wisten ons te overtuigen om perceived enjoyment, information quality, personalization, personal innovativeness en tangibility als determinanten te incorporeren in het originele model.
Het nieuwe onderzoeksmodel toonde voor beide producten een goede fit met de data en beschikte over voldoende interne consistentie en betrouwbaarheid. In totaal werden 18 van de 33 hypothesen gevalideerd. Het sterkste significante verband in dit onderzoek is de positieve invloed van de perceived enjoyment op de PEU in
het kledingmodel.
Uit de resultaten blijkt dat het grootste potentieel voor voice shopping bij search goods ligt, waarvoor wij ‘voeding’ als voorbeeld namen. De overkoepelende term ‘voeding’ representeerde het aankopen van een broccoli, om zo specifiek mogelijk te werk te kunnen gaan met de respondenten. Hoewel de resultaten eventueel voor verschillende voedingsproducten kunnen gelden, poogden wij niet te veralgemenen. Na interpretatie van de resultaten verwachten we dat de adoptie van smart speakers voor het aankopen van experience goods, in dit onderzoek ‘kleding’, grotendeels zal uitblijven indien er geen verandering komt in de werking van het toestel voor online shopping. Het gebrek aan het voelen en zien van de producten blijft een struikelblok.
Daarnaast wilden we achterhalen welke factoren precies een invloed uitoefenen op de gebruiksintentie. ‘Perceived enjoyment’ bleek voor beide productcategorieën de grootste beïnvloedende factor van alle originele TAM-‐determinanten te zijn en de attitude is in beide modellen de belangrijkste directe beïnvloeder van de ITU. Voor voeding afzonderlijk zagen we ook een significante relatie vanuit personal innovativeness, PU en PEU tot de ITU. Twee van de drie determinanten die in dit onderzoek gelinkt werden aan het HCCI-‐framework, namelijk ‘information quality’ en ‘personalization’, vertoonden geen significante correlaties.
Over het algemeen kan over dit onderzoek gezegd worden dat de adoptie-‐interesse van ‘de Vlaamse millennial’ in voice shoppen via een smart speaker tussen de tien en de twaalf procent ligt. Wanneer specifiek naar een productcategorie gevraagd werd binnen de intentie om een smart speaker te gebruiken voor de aankoop, werd duidelijk dat bijna de helft van de respondenten het gebruik ervan voor de aankoop van voeding ziet zitten. Voor kleding was dat slechts een tiende.
De beperkingen in rekening gebracht, tonen de resultaten toch aan dat de adoptie-‐intentie vrij hoog ligt bij voeding en laag bij kleding. Hoe de toekomst van deze smart speaker-‐toepassing er zal uitzien is moeilijk te voorspellen, maar indien producenten van smart speakers en de online retailindustrie kunnen voorzien in de noden en behoeften die in de studie zijn aangebracht, wordt binnenkort een revolutionaire manier van online shoppen verwacht.
Bibliografie
(1995). In E. M. Rogers, Diffusion of Innovations, 4th Edition.
Agarwal, R., & Prasad, J. (1977). The Role of Innovation Characteristics and Perceived Voluntariness in the Acceptance of Information Technologies. Decision Sciences, 28(3), 557-‐582.
Ahn, J.-‐H., Ju, J., Kim, D., Park, K., Park, Y., & Yun, J. (2017). Is Advertising on an AI Speaker Effective? The Role of Interactivity, Product type, and Thematic Congruence. Proceedings of the 2017 International Conference on
Information Technology, (pp. 360-‐365). Singapore.
Akram, M. S. (2018). Drivers and Barriers to Online Shopping in a Newly Digitalized Society. TEM Journal, 7(1), 118-‐ 127.
Alalwan, A. A., Baabdullah, A. M., Rana, N. P., Tamilmani, K., & Dwivedi, Y. K. (2018). Examining adoption of mobile internet in Saudi Arabia: Extending TAM with perceived enjoyment, innovativeness and trust. Technology in
Society, 55, 100-‐110.
All, A., Conradie, P., De Letter, J., De Marez, L., De Ruyck, O., Saldien, J., & Van Hove, S. (2018). 20th International Conference on Human-‐Computer Interaction HCII. Human-‐computer interaction to human-‐computer-‐context
interaction : towards a conceptual framework for conducting user studies for shifting interfaces. Berlijn:
Springer.
Balaji, M., & Roy, S. K. (2017). Value co-‐creation with Internet of things technology in the retail industry. Journal of
Marketing Management, 33, 7-‐31.
Balaji, Roy, S., Quazi, A., & Quaddus, M. (2018). Predictors of customer acceptance of and resistance to smart technologies in the retail sector. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 42, 147-‐160.
Baswani, S., George, J. F., & Townsend, A. M. (2018). Connected Homes and Online Retail: The Case of IoT Enabled Online Shopping. Twenty-‐fourth Americas Conference on Information Systems. New Orleans.
Bei, L.-‐T., Chen, E. Y., & Widdows, R. (2004). Consumers’ Online Information Search Behavior and the Phenomenon of Search vs. Experience Products. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 25(4), 449-‐467.
Belghmidi, L. (2018, oktober 9). Google lanceert smartphone, tablet en slimme speaker met scherm. Opgeroepen op februari 2019, van vrt nws: https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2018/10/09/google-‐lanceert-‐nieuwe-‐ smartphone-‐en-‐speaker-‐met-‐scherm/
Belghmidi, L. (2019, maart 15). De glazen bol van specialist e-‐commerce Steven Van Belleghem: "Slimme luidspreker
zal onze manier van consumeren veranderen". Opgeroepen op mei 2019, van vrt nws:
https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2019/03/13/de-‐glazen-‐bol-‐van-‐steven-‐van-‐belleghem-‐de-‐slimme-‐ luidspreker-‐g/
Belghmidi, L. (2019, mei 28). Hoe Google Home onze manier van consumeren in de toekomst zal veranderen. Opgeroepen op juni 2019, van vrt nws: https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2019/05/27/hoe-‐google-‐home-‐onze-‐ manier-‐van-‐consumeren-‐in-‐de-‐toekomst-‐zal-‐ve/
Belghmidi, L. (2019, mei 28). Hoe Google Home onze manier van consumeren in de toekomst zal veranderen. Opgeroepen op juni 2019, van vrt nws: https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2019/05/27/hoe-‐google-‐home-‐onze-‐ manier-‐van-‐consumeren-‐in-‐de-‐toekomst-‐zal-‐ve/
Bentley, F., Luvogt, C., Silverman, M., Wirasinghe, R., White, B., & Lottridge, D. (2018). Understanding the Long-‐Term Use of Smart Speaker Assistants. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous
Technologies, 2(3), 91.
Blazquez, M. (2014). Fashion shopping in multichannel retail: the role of technology in enhancing the customer experience. International Journal of Electronic Commerce, 18(4), 97-‐116.
Bond, S. (2017, april 3). Brands seek to be heard on voice-‐powered devices. Opgeroepen op mei 2019, van Financial Times: https://www.ft.com/content/cb1184b2-‐1642-‐11e7-‐80f4-‐13e067d5072c
Buyle, R., Van Compernolle, M., Vlassenroot, E., Vanlishout, Z., Mechant, P., & Mannens, E. (2018). “Technology Readiness and Acceptance Model” as a Predictor for the Use Intention of Data Standards in Smart Cities.
Media and Communication, 6(4), 127-‐139.
Cao, J., Du, X., Mokhtarian, P. L., & Zhen, F. (2018, januari). The association between spatial attributes and e-‐shopping in the shopping process for search goods and experience goods: Evidence from Nanjing. Journal of Transport
Geography, 66, 291-‐299.
Cao, X., Mokhtarian, P. L., Zhai, Q., & Zhen, F. (2017). The interactions between e-‐shopping and store shopping in the shopping process for search goods and experience goods. Transportation, 44, 885-‐904.
Capgemini. (2018). Conversational commerce: Why consumers are embracing voice assistants in their lives. Opgeroepen op juni 2018, van capgemini.com: https://www.capgemini.com/wp-‐ content/uploads/2018/01/dti-‐conversational-‐commerce.pdf
Cheng, X., & Shen, J. (2017). IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineerin1g23. Research on intelligent
recommendation algorithm of e-‐commerce based on association rules, 242, pp. 1-‐4.
Cheung, R., & Vogel, D. (2013). Predicting user acceptance of collaborative technologies: An extension of the technology acceptance model for e-‐learning. Computers & Education, 63, 160-‐175.
Cheung, R., & Vogel, D. (2013). Predicting user acceptance of collaborative technologies: An extensionof the technology acceptance model for e-‐learning. Computers & Education, 63, 160–175 .
Chi, T. (2018, september). Understanding Chinese consumer adoption of apparel mobile commerce: An extended TAM approach. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 44, 274-‐284.
Cho, S., & Workman, J. (2011). Gender, fashion innovativeness and opinion leadership, and need for touch: Effects on multi-‐channel choice and touch/non-‐touch preference in clothing shopping. Journal of Fashion Marketing
and Management: An International Journal, 15(3), 363-‐382.
Colombi, C., Kim, P., & Wyatt, N. (2018). Fashion retailing “tech-‐gagement”: engagement fueled by new technology.
Research Journal of Textile and Apparel, 22(4), 390-‐406.
Coskun-‐Setirek, A., & Mardikyan, S. (2017). Understanding the Adoption of Voice Activated Personal Assistants.
International Journal of E-‐Services and Mobile Applications, 9(3).
Davies, R., & Davies, S. (2018). Dynamic Location-‐Based Shopping Lists Using Smart Assistants. Technical Disclosure
Common.
Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, and User Acceptance of Information Technology. MIS
Quarterly, 10(3), pp. 319-‐340.
Davis, F. D., Bagozzi, R. P., & Warshaw, P. R. (1992). Extrinsic and intrinsic motivation to use computers in the workplace. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 22(14), 1111-‐1132.
De Bosschere, F. (2017a, maart 20). Are you talking to me? Opgehaald van In The Pocket: https://inthepocket.com/blog/2017/praat-‐jij-‐vanavond-‐met-‐de-‐vaatwas-‐schatje-‐1
Debbaudt, L. (2018). What is the current adoption of collaborative consumption platforms in Belgium? Adoption of Airbnb in Belgium on the basis of a revised technology acceptance model (TAM). Belgium.
Debruyne, M. (2019, januari 9). Wat na de iPhone? Opgeroepen op februari 2019, van De Tijd: https://www.tijd.be/opinie/column/wat-‐na-‐de-‐iphone/10085205.html
Deckmyn, D. (2018, oktober 9). Google Home spreekt vanaf nu Nederlands (maar begrijpt hij ook onze tongval?). Opgeroepen op juli 2019, van De Standaard: https://www.standaard.be/cnt/dmf20181009_03822741 Degeratu, A. M., Rangaswamy, A., & Wu, J. (2000). Consumer choice behavior in online and traditional supermarkets:
The effects of brand name, price, and other search attributes. International Journal of Research in Marketing,
17(1), 55-‐78.
Dewitte, S. (2012). Welke antecedenten beïnvloeden de acceptatie van e-‐readers bij studenten uit het hoger onderwijs? België.
Dimoka, A., Hong, Y., & Pavlou, P. A. (2011). On product uncertainty in online markets: Theory and evidence. MIS
Quarterly, 36, 1-‐32.
Drossos, D., Giaglis, G. M., Lekakos, G., Kokkinaki, F., & Stavraki, M. G. (2007). Determinants of effective SMS advertising: an experimental study. Journal of Interactive Advertising, 7(2).
Edwards, C., Edwards, A., Stoll, B., Lin, X., & Massey, N. (2019). Evaluations of an artificial intelligence instructor's voice: Social Identity Theory in human-‐robot interactions. Computers in Human Behavior, 90, 357-‐362.
Elliot, S., & Williams, S. P. (2000). Expectations versus reality: A snapshot of consumer experiences with Internet retailing. International Journal of Information Management, 20(5), 323-‐336.
eMarketer. (2017, mei 8). Alexa, say what?! Voice-‐enabled speaker usage to grow nearly 130% this year. Opgehaald van eMarketer: https://www.emarketer.com/Article/Alexa-‐Say-‐What-‐Voice-‐Enabled-‐Speaker-‐Usage-‐Grow-‐ Nearly-‐130-‐This-‐Year/1015812
Evanschitzky, H., Iyer, G., Pillai, K., Kenning, P., & Schütte, R. (2015). Consumer Trial, Continuous Use, and Economic Benefits of aRetail Service Innovation: The Case of the Personal ShoppingAssistant. Journal of Product
Innovation Management, 32(3), 459-‐475.
Gable, G., & Sedera , D. (2004). A factor and structural equation analysis of the enterprise systems success measurement model. Australia.
Gao, L., & Bai, X. (2014). A unified perspective on the factors influencing consumer acceptance of internet of things technology. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 26(2), 211-‐231.
Gonzalez-‐Benito, O., Martos-‐Partal, M., & San Martin, S. (2015). Brands as substitutes for the need for touch in online shopping. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 27, 121-‐125 .
Grohmann, B., Spangenberg, E. R., & Sprott, D. E. (2006). The influence of tactile input on the evaluationof retail product offerings. Journal of Retailing, 83(2), 237–245.
Ha, S., & Stoel, L. (2009). Consumer e-‐shopping acceptance: antecedents in a technology acceptance model. Journal
of Business Research, 62(5), 565-‐571.
Han, S., & Yang, H. (2018). Understanding adoption of intelligent personal assistants. Industrial Management & Data
Systems, 118(3), 618-‐636.
Hill, K., & Mattu, S. (2018, april). What Your Smart Devices Know About You. Opgeroepen op juli 2019, van TED: https://www.ted.com/talks/kashmir_hill_and_surya_mattu_what_your_smart_devices_know_and_share_ about_you?utm_campaign=social&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=facebook.com&utm_content=talk &utm_term=technology&fbclid=IwAR35BhOIN4pZ2XJpK3mUeme_mRy7sZnDjC8PC29oT
Hohlbaum, M., Huber, S., Huber, F., Baumann, T., Schürmann, K., & Haas, M. (2019). Perceived Product Risk while Shopping Online: Does Virtual Reality vs. 2D Reduce Uncertainty? Digitalen Wandel gestalten, 177-‐189. Hox, J., & Bechger, T. (1999). An Introduction to Structural Equation Modeling. Family Science Review, 11, 354-‐373. Huang, T., & Liao, S. (2015). A model of acceptance of augmented-‐reality interactive technology: the moderating role
of cognitive innovativeness. Electronic Commerce Research, 15(2), 269-‐295.
Huang, T.-‐L., & Liao, S. (2015). A model of acceptance of augmented-‐reality interactive technology: the moderating role of cognitive innovativeness. Electronic Commerce Research, 15(2), 269-‐295.
Hui, T. K., Sherratt, S., & Sanchez, D. D. (2017). Major requirements for building Smart Homes in Smart Cities based on Internet of Things technologies. Future Generation Computer Systems, 76, 358-‐369.
Hwang, S. (2018). The 22nd Biennial Conference of the International Telecommunications Society: "Beyond the boundaries: Challenges for business, policy and society". Would satisfaction with smart speakers transfer into
loyalty towards the smart speaker provider? Korea: International Telecommunications Society.
Hwang, S. (2018). Would satisfaction with smart speakers transfer into loyalty towards the smart speaker provider?
The 22nd Biennial Conference of the International Telecommunications Society: "Beyond the boundaries: Challenges for business, policy and society". Seoul.
Hyunmo, K., Seongcheol, K., & Changi, N. (2017). Speaker Wars begins: Which applications will be the killer content for smart speaker? 14th International Telecommunications Society (ITS) Asia-‐Pacific Regional Conference:
"Mapping ICT into Transformation for the Next Information Society". Kyoto: International
Telecommunications Society. imec. (2017). imec.digitmeter 2017.
imec. (2019). Digimeter 2019 -‐ Digitale mediatrends in Vlaanderen.
Ingber, A., Lazerson, A., Lewin-‐Eytan, L., Libov, A., & Osherovich, E. (2018, oktober). The Challenges of Moving from
Web to Voice in Product Search. Opgeroepen op december 2018, van Glare 2018:
http://glare2018.dei.unipd.it/talk/CIKM-‐GLARE-‐VoiceVsWeb_v2.pdf
Ingber, A., Lewin-‐Eytan, L., Libov, A., Maarek, Y., & Osherovich, E. (2018). Offline vs. Online Evaluation in Voice Product Search.
Ingber, A., Lewin-‐Eytan, L., Libov, A., Maarek, Y., & Osherovich, E. (2018). Offline vs. Online Evaluation in Voice Product Search. Proc. 1st International Workshop on Generalization in Information Retrieval (GLARE 2018).
Jiang, L. A., Yang, Z., & Jun, M. (2013). Measuring consumer perceptions of online shopping convenience. Journal of
Service Management, 24(2), 191-‐214.
Jones, C., & Kim, S. (2010). Influences of retail brand trust, off-‐line patronage, clothing involvement and website quality on online apparel shopping intention. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 34(6), 627-‐637.
Jongen, W. (2017). In Het einde van online winkelen: De toekomst van retail in een wereld die altijd verbonden is. Amsterdam: Business Contact.
Kempe, J. (2019, februari 4). Inspelen op stemgedrag? Opgeroepen op april 2019, van twinklemagazine: https://twinklemagazine.nl/2019/02/voice-‐shopping/index.xml
Kim, D., Park, K., Ju, J., & Ahn, J.-‐H. (2018). Alexa, Tell Me More: The Effect of Advertisements on Memory Accuracy from Smart Speakers. Twenty-‐Second Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems. Japan.
Kim, J., & Forsythe, S. (2010). Factors affecting adoption of product virtualization technology for online consumer electronics shopping. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 38(3), 190-‐204.
Kinsella, B. (2017, April 14). Gartner Predicts 75% of US Households will Have Smart Speakers by 2020. Opgehaald van voicebot.ai: https://voicebot.ai/2017/04/14/gartner-‐predicts-‐75-‐us-‐households-‐will-‐smart-‐speakers-‐2020/
Kiseleva, J., Williams, K., Jiang, J., Awadallah, A. H., Crook, A. C., Zitouni, I., & Anastasakos, T. (2016, maart). Understanding User Satisfaction with Intelligent Assistants. Proceedings of the 2016 ACM on Conference on
Human Information Interaction and Retrieval, (pp. 121-‐130).
Koivisto, K., Makkonen, M., Frank, L., & Riekkinen, J. (2016). Extending the Technology Acceptance Model with Personal Innovativeness and Technology Readiness: A Comparison of Three Models. BLED 2016 : Proceedings
of the 29th Bled eConference "Digital Economy" , (pp. 113-‐128).
Koli, A., Chowdhury, A., & Dhar, D. (2016, augustus 22). Requirement of New Media Features for Enhancing Online Shopping Experience of Smartphone Users. In Berretti, Thampi, & Dasgupta, Intelligent Systems Technologies
and Applications. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing (Vol. 385, pp. 423-‐435). Springer.
Koli, A., Chowdhury, A., & Dhar, D. (2016). Requirement of New Media Features for Enhancing Online Shopping Experience of Smartphone Users. In S. Berretti, Intelligent Systems Technologies and Applications. Zwitserland: Springer International Publishing.
Koufaris, M. (2002). Applying the Technology Acceptance Model and Flow Theory to Online Consumer Behavior.
Information Systems Research, 13(2), 205-‐223.
Kowalczuk, P. (2018). Consumer acceptance of smart speakers: a mixed methods approach. Journal of Research in
Interactive Marketing, 12(4), 418-‐431.
Lee, H., Yang, H., & Zo, H. (2017). User acceptance of smart home services: an extension of the theory of planned behavior. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 117(1), 68-‐89.
Lee, Y., Kozar, K. A., & Larsen, K. R. (2003). The technology acceptance model: past, present, and future.
Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 12(1), 751-‐781.
Lee, Y.-‐K., Park, J.-‐H., Chung, N., & Blakeney, A. (2012). A unified perspective on the factors influencing usage intention toward mobilefinancial services. Journal of Business Research, 65, 1590-‐1599.
Lei, X., Tu, G.-‐H., Li, C.-‐Y., & Xie, T. (2017). The insecurity of home digital voice assistants – Amazon Alexa as a case study. Michigan, USA.
Lennon, S., Park, J., & Stoel, L. (2005). On-‐Line Product Presentation: Effects on Mood, Perceived Risk,and Purchase Intention. Psychology & Marketing, 22(9), 695–719.
Lian, Y.-‐W., & Lin, T.-‐M. (2008). Effects of consumer characteristics on their acceptance of online shopping: comparisons among different product types. Computers in Human Behavior, 24(1), 48-‐65.
Lim, Y., Osman, A., Salahuddin, S. N., Romle, A. R., & Abdullah, S. (2016). Factors influencing online shopping behavior: the mediating role of purchase intention. Procedia Economics and Finance, 35, 401-‐410.
Liu, C., & Forsythe, S. (2011). Examining drivers of online purchase intensity: Moderating role of adoption duration in sustaining post-‐adoption online shopping. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 18(1), 101-‐109.
Lopez, G., Quesada, L., & Guerrero, L. (2017). Alexa vs. Siri vs. Cortana vs. Google Assistant: A Comparison of Speech-‐ Based Natural User Interfaces. In I. Nunes, Advances in Human Factors and Systems Interaction (Vol. 592, pp. 241-‐250). Springer.
Lyons, K. (2020, Februari 10). Amazon is still crushing Google and Apple in the smart speaker market. Opgeroepen op april 2020, van The Verge: https://www.theverge.com/2020/2/10/21131988/amazon-‐alexa-‐echo-‐google-‐ apple-‐smart-‐home-‐speaker
Lyons, S. (2019, februari 4). Alexa, Does Anyone Actually Use Voice Search? Opgeroepen op maart 2019, van Adworld: https://www.adworld.ie/2019/02/04/alexa-‐does-‐anyone-‐actually-‐use-‐voice-‐search/
Maarek, Y. (2018). Alexa and Her Shopping Journey. Torino.
Madhani, P. M. (2015). Enhancing customer lifetime value in fast fashion retailing with RFID initiatives. International
Journal of Business and Globalisation, 15(2), 205-‐237.
Martin, C. (2019, mei 31). Voice Assistants Grow, But Not For Shopping. Opgeroepen op juni 2019, van MediaPost: https://www.mediapost.com/publications/article/336452/voice-‐assistants-‐grow-‐but-‐not-‐for-‐shopping.html McTear, M., Callejas, Z., & Griol, D. (2016). In The conversational interface: talking to smart devices. Zwitserland:
Springer.
Mingolla, C., Hudders, L., Vanwesenbeeck, I., & Claerebout, E. (2019). Towards a biased mindset: An extended Theory of Planned Behaviour T framework to predict farmers’ intention to adopt a sustainable mange control approach. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 169.
Moore, R. K., & Nicolao, M. (2017, December 20). Toward a needs-‐based architecture for ‘intelligent’ communicative agents: speaking with intention. Frontiers in Robotics and AI, p. 66.
Muñoz-‐Leiva, Climent-‐Climent, & Liébana-‐Cabanillas. (2017, februari). Determinants of intention to use the mobile banking apps: An extension of the classic TAM model. Spanish Journal of Marketing, 21(1), 25-‐38.
Naspetti, S., Mandolesi, S., Buysse , J., Latvala , T., Nicholas, P., Padel, S., . . . Zanoli, R. (2017, Octobere 6). Determinants of the Acceptance of Sustainable Production Strategies among Dairy Farmers: Development and Testing of a Modified Technology Acceptance Model. Sustainability, 9(1805).
Neerman, P. (2018, januari 17). Vijfde van alle aankopen wordt gedaan via digitale spraakassistenten. Opgeroepen op juni 2018, van retaildetail.be: https://www.retaildetail.be/nl/news/algemeen/vijfde-‐van-‐alle-‐aankopen-‐ wordt-‐gedaan-‐digitale-‐spraakassistenten”
Nelson, P. (1970). Information and Consumer Behavior. Journal of Political Economy, 78(2), 311-‐329. Nielsen. (2017). Perspectives on retail technology: the effect of digital on retail.
Nisar, T. M., & Prabhakar, G. (2017). What factors determine e-‐satisfaction and consumer spending in e-‐commerce retailing? Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 39, pp. 135-‐144.
Pappas, I. O., Kourouthanassis, P. E., Giannakos, M. N., & Chrissikopoulos, V. (2016). Explaining online shopping behavior with fsQCA: The role of cognitive and affective perceptions. Journal of Business Research, 69(2), 794-‐803.
Park, E. (2020). User acceptance of smart wearable devices: An expectation-‐confirmation model approach. Telematics
and Informatics, 47.
Park, E. J., Kim, E. Y., Funches, V. M., & Foxx, W. (2012). Apparel product attributes, web browsing, and e-‐impulse buying on shopping websites. Journal of Business Research, 11, 1583-‐1589.
Park, E., & Pobil, A. (2013). Users’ attitudes toward service robots in South Korea. Industrial Robot International, 40(1), 77–87.
Park, E., Cho, Y., Han, J., & Kwon, S. J. (2017). Comprehensive Approaches to User Acceptance of Internet of Things in a Smart Home Environment. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 4(6), 2327-‐4662.
Park, E., Kim, S., Kim, Y., & Kwon, S. J. (2018). Smart home services as the next mainstream of the ICT industry: determinants of the adoption of smart home services. Universal Access in the Information Society, 17(1), 175– 190.
Park, J. H., & Stoel, L. (2002). Apparel shopping on the Internet. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management, 6(2), pp. 158-‐176.
Park, J., & Stoel, L. (2005). Effect of brand familiarity, experience and information on online apparel purchase.
International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 33(2), 148-‐160.
Park, K., Kwak, C., Lee, J., & Ahn, J.-‐H. (2018). The effect of platform characteristics on the adoption of smart T speakers: Empirical evidence in South Korea. Telematics and Informatics, 35, 2118-‐2132.
Pattnaik, P., & Dangayach, G. (2019). Analysis of Influencing Factors on Sustainability of Textile Wastewater: a Structural Equation Approach. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 230(156).
Pookulangara, S., Hawley, J., & Xiao, G. (2011). Explaining consumers' channel-‐switching behavior using the theory of