Host relations and DNA reveal a cryptic gall crab species (Crustacea: Decapoda: Cryptochiridae) associated with

Chapter 5

Host relations and DNA reveal a cryptic gall crab species

Introduction

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Material and methods

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Molecular analyses

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Results

Molecular analyses

7KHDQDO\VLVLQ0U%D\HVUHVXOWHGLQDWUHHZLWKKLJKSRVWHULRUSUREDELOLWLHV%DVHGRQWKHUHVXOWV

RIWKLVDQDO\VLVDQGKRVWVSHFLÀFLW\GDWDDFU\SWLFVSHFLHVRIFungicola ZDVUHYHDOHGFORVHO\UH-lated to Fungicola fagei )LJ7KLVQHZVSHFLHVLVGHVFULEHGDVF. syzygia VSQRY7KHFRQFDW- HQDWHG6&2,PW'1$)LJ6KDVWKHVDPHWRSRORJ\DVWKHWKUHHPDUNHUSK\ORJHQ\UHFRQ-VWUXFWLRQWKH+JHQHWUHH)LJ6UHFRYHUVF. utinomi DVPRQRSK\OHWLFEXWGRHVQRWGLVWLQJXLVK

EHWZHHQF. fagei and F. syzygia VSQRY

Table 1.(VWLPDWHVRIHYROXWLRQDU\GLYHUJHQFHEDVHGRQ6&2,DQG+7KHQXPEHURIEDVHVXEVWLWXWLRQV

SHUVLWHDYHUDJLQJRYHUDOOVHTXHQFHSDLUVbetweenJURXSV determined a prioriLVVKRZQEHORZWKHGLDJRQDO

6WDQGDUGHUURU6(HVWLPDWHVDUHVKRZQDERYHWKHGLDJRQDO

F. fagei F. syzygia VSQRY F. utinomi

Fungicola fagei Q 

F. syzygia VSQRYQ 

F. utinomi Q 

Table 2.(VWLPDWHVRIHYROXWLRQDU\GLYHUJHQFHEDVHGRQ6&2,DQG+7KHQXPEHURIEDVHVXEVWLWXWLRQV

SHUVLWHDYHUDJLQJRYHUDOOVHTXHQFHSDLUVwithinJURXSVGHWHUPLQHG a prioriDQGWKHVWDQGDUGHUURU6( HVWLPDWHVDUHVKRZQ

d. SE

Fungicola fagei Q 

F. syzygia VSQRYQ

F. utinomi Q 

54222 on Lithophyllon repanda

54237 on Podabacia crustacea 54238 on Podabacia crustacea 54239 on Pleuractis granulosa 53231 on Lithophyllon repanda

53711 on Lithophyllon repanda

54246 on Halomitra pileus

54017 on Fungia fungites

53233 on Sandalolitha robusta 54056 on Lithophyllon repanda

54236 on Cycloseris somervillei

53220 on Pleuractis granulosa

54228 on Podabacia crustacea 53688 on Lithophyllon scabra

56110 on Pleuractis paumotensis 54044 on Pleuractis paumotensis

54183 on Podabacia motuporensis 53773 on Lithophyllon repanda

54230 on Cycloseris tenuis

54218 on Cycloseris costulata

54240 on Pleuractis moluccensis

53232 on Podabacia crustacea 54016 on Pleuractis paumotensis

53227 on Pleuractis paumotensis

54216 on Cycloseris sinensis 53230 on Lithophyllon repanda

54235 on Cycloseris costulata

54020 on Pleuractis gravis 53237 Pseudocryptochirus viridis

54245 on Sandalolitha robusta 54006 Utinomiella dimorpha

54234 on Lithophyllon ranjithi

54220 on Cycloseris sinensis

54243 on Podabacia crustacea 54217 on Cycloseris fragilis

54244 on Lithophyllon repanda 53774 on Lithophyllon repanda

53712 on Lithophyllon repanda

54219 on Cycloseris costulata

54231 on Podabacia crustacea 53224 on Pleuractis granulosa 53229 on Lithophyllon repanda

53217 on Fungia fungites

53234 on Sandalolitha robusta 54232 on Podabacia crustacea 54233 on Lithophyllon ranjithi 54224 on Danafungia horrida

54226 on Lithophyllon repanda

54178 on Podabacia motuporensis 54221 on Pleuractis paumotensis

1 1

outgroups

F. syzygia sp. nov.

F. fagei F. utinomi

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7KHUHLVDERXWDGLIIHUHQFHEHWZHHQF. fagei and F. syzygia VSQRYDQGDQGLIIHUHQFH

EHWZHHQF. fagei and F. utinomi. F. syzygia VSQRYDQGF. utinomi KDYHDGLIIHUHQFHRI

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Host speciﬁcity

'LIIHUHQWKRVWRFFXUUHQFHVIRUFungicola fagei DQGLWVVLEOLQJVSHFLHVF. syzygia VSQRY)LJ

7DEOH6ZHUHREVHUYHGFungicola fagei RFFXUVRQO\LQFRUDOVEHORQJLQJWRPodabacia or San-dalolitha. Fungicola syzygia VSQRYLVSUHGRPLQDQWO\DVVRFLDWHGZLWKCycloseris and Pleuractis

ZLWKDIHZUHFRUGVIURPLithophyllon. Fungicola utinomi LVPRVWO\IRXQGLQDVVRFLDWLRQZLWK

VSHFLHVRIDanafungiaFungiaHalomitraDQGLithophyllonEXWLWVPRVWFRPPRQKRVWLVL.

repanda.

Systematic account

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Fungicola³)L]HDQG6HUqQH>QDPHXQDYDLODEOH@

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Type species. Troglocarcinus utinomi )L]HDQG6HUqQH

Diagnosis.&DUDSDFHUHFWDQJXODUWRVTXDURLGORQJHUWKDQEURDGZLGHVWDQWHULRUWRPLGOHQJWK

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Remarks.)L]HDQG6HUqQHGHVFULEHGWKHVXEJHQXVFungicola LQWKHJHQXVTroglocar-cinus EDVHG RQ WKH IROORZLQJ FKDUDFWHULVWLFV ÁDW FDUDSDFH RQ WKH GRUVRYHQWUDO VLGH ÁDW

GRUVDOVXUIDFHLQWKHVKDSHRIDVSDWXODZLWKRXWPXFKUHOLHIDQWHULRUODWHUDODQJOHVKDSHGDVD

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DQG6HUqQHXQIRUWXQDWHO\GLGQRWGHVLJQDWHDW\SHVSHFLHV6HUqQHHOHYDWHGWKHVXEJHQXVWR

JHQXVOHYHODQGGHVLJQDWHGT. utinomi DVWKHW\SHVSHFLHV6SHFLHVLQWKHJHQXVFungicola DUHRQO\

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Fungicola utinomi )L]HDQG6HUqQH )LJV&,$+

Troglocarcinus utinomi )L]HDQG6HUqQHÀJ(

Troglocarcinus Fungicolautinomi³)L]HDQG6HUqQH

Fungicola utinomii³6HUqQH>XQMXVWLÀHGHPHQGDWLRQ@

Pseudocryptochirus ishigakiensis 7DNHGDDQG7DPXUD

Hiroia ishigakiensis³7DNHGDDQG7DPXUD

Type locality.1KD7UDQJ9LHWQDP

Holotype.(¶7\SH·DFFRUGLQJWR)L]HDQG6HUqQHLQWKH,QVWLWXWHRI2FHDQ-RJUDSK\LQ1KD7UDQJ9LHWQDPDOORW\SH()LJ&,FROOHFWHGIURPFungia fungites /LQQDHXV

Material examined. Institute of Oceanography (Nha TrangVietnam)ODEHO(

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(FRQWDLQVODEHO(5WHEXWQRYLDOMuséum national d’Histoire naturelle (ParisFrance)01+1,8ZDV(5WHJRRGFRQGLWLRQ

RYLJIRQFungia > Lithophyllon@repanda01+1,8ZDV(JRRGFRQ-GLWLRQPRQFungia > Lithophyllon@repanda. Natural History Museum (LondonUK):

%01+FRQWDLQV(5WHJRRGFRQGLWLRQRYLJIRQFungia VS

(5WHJRRGFRQGLWLRQPRQFungia VSNaturalis Biodiversity Center (Leiden

The Netherlands)VHH7DEOH6

Diagnosis.&DUDSDFHUHFWDQJXODUORQJHUWKDQEURDGGHSUHVVHGDQWHULRUKDOIEURDGHUWKDQSRVWH-ULRUKDOIVXUIDFHFRYHUHGZLWKVPDOOORZJUDQXOHVLQSRVWHULRUKDOIODUJHUDQGUDWKHUVSLQLIRUP

LQDQWHULRUPHGLDQJDVWULFUHJLRQPRGHUDWHO\FRQYH[DQGLWVSRVWHULRUSDUWRQO\LQGLVWLQFWO\VHS-DUDWHGIURPFDUGLRLQWHVWLQDOUHJLRQEUDQFKLDOUHJLRQVKDUGO\VHSDUDWHGIURPERWKPLGJDVWULF

FDUGLRLQWHVWLQDOUHJLRQVE\YHU\VKDOORZIXUURZVIURQWPRGHUDWHO\FRQFDYHDUPHGZLWKVSLQHV

RIGLIIHUHQWVL]HLQWHUQDORUELWDOQHDUO\UHDFKLQJOHYHORIH[WHUQDODQWHURODWHUDOERUGHUVDUPHG

Fig. 4. Fungicola fagei 501+&UXV'AKDELWXVGRUVDOYLHZBDQWHURODWHUDOPDUJLQRIFDUDSDFH

YHQWUDOYLHZC0;3DULJKW3FKHOLSHGEOHIW3FKHOLSHGFOHIW3GOHIW3HOHIW3I left 36FDOHEDUVPP%',VKDUHDVFDOHEDU

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ZLWKVSLQHVDQGIRUPLQJDFRQYH[OREHODWHUDOERUGHUVEHKLQGLWVWUDLJKWRUVOLJKWO\FRQYHUJLQJ

&KHOLSHGVOHQGHUXSSHUDQGH[WHUQDOIDFHVRIPHUXVFDUSXVDQGSDOPFRYHUHGZLWKÀQHJUDQXOHV

8SSHUIDFHRIFR[DHRISHUHLRSRGVZLWKVPDOOIRUZDUGSURWUXGLQJOREH&DUDSDFHZLWKVWULNLQJ

EURZQZKLWHSDWWHUQVYLVLEOHLQHWKDQROSHUHLRSRGVEDQGHG)RUDIXOOGHVFULSWLRQVHH)L]HDQG

6HUqQHIRUDFRORXUÀJXUHRIF. utinomi VHH9DQGHU0HLMDQG6FKXEDUW)LJ

Host corals. Fungicola utinomi LQKDELWVDWOHDVWQLQHFRUDOVSHFLHVEHORQJLQJWRHLJKWJHQHUD

EXWLVPRVWRIWHQUHFRUGHGIURPLithophyllon repanda )LJ7DEOH6,QL. repandaF. utinomi OLYHVLQDQRYDOFDYLW\ZLWKRYHUKDQJLQJFDQRS\ZKLFKFDQEHUDLVHGDERYHWKHFRUDOVXUIDFHVHH

)L]HDQG6HUqQH3O;,,,$&7DNHGDDQG7DPXUD3O$'3O$'

Distribution range. Fungicola utinomi KDVVRIDUEHHQGRFXPHQWHGIURP1KD7UDQJ9LHW-QDP)L]HDQG6HUqQH0DOXNX,QGRQHVLD5XPSKLXV,H[SHGLWLRQ6HUqQHet al

6HPSRUQD0DOD\VLDYDQGHU0HLMDQG+RHNVHPD,VKLJDNLMLPDDQG.XURVKLPD2NLQDZD

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,VODQG.XGDWLQ0DOD\VLD

Remarks.$FFRUGLQJWR.URSSDWKHORFDWLRQRIWKHKRORW\SHLVXQNQRZQKRZHYHUWKH

KRORW\SHDQGWKHDOORW\SHZHUHORFDWHGLQWKH,QVWLWXWHRI2FHDQRJUDSK\LQ1KD7UDQJ)LJ&)

Fungicola fagei )L]HDQG6HUqQH

)LJV$%$,)*

Troglocarcinus fagei )L]HDQG6HUqQHÀJ)

Troglocarcinus Fungicolafagei³)L]HDQG6HUqQH

Type locality.1KD7UDQJ9LHWQDP

Holotype.(¶7\SH·DFFRUGLQJWR)L]HDQG6HUqQHLQWKH,QVWLWXWHRI2FHDQRJUDSK\

LQ 1KD 7UDQJ 9LHWQDP )LJ $% DOORW\SH ( FROOHFWHG IURP Sandalolitha dentata 4XHOFKEXWVHHVHFWLRQRQKRVWFRUDOV

Material examined. Institute of Oceanography (Nha TrangVietnam)(5WH

QRODEHORQMDUJRRGFRQGLWLRQholotypeRYLJI(5WHLQMDU(UHVLGXH

( 5WH LQ MDU ( 5WH HPSW\ YLDO ( 5WH LQ MDU

(5WHHPSW\YLDOallotype(5WHLQMDU(SRRUFRQ-GLWLRQ(LQMDU(5WHHPSW\YLDORQParahalomitra > San- dalolitha@robusta(5WHLQMDU(5WHHPSW\YLDORQPara-halomitra > Sandalolitha@robustaMDU(5WHFRQWDLQVRQHODEHOZLWKRXW

YLDO ( 5WH Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle Paris France) 01+1

,8ZDV(5WHSHUHLRSRGVSUHVHQWEXWQRWDWWDFKHGWRFDUDSDFHPRQ

Parahalomitra > Sandalolitha@robusta01+1,8ZDV(5WHJRRG

FRQGLWLRQRYLJIRQParahalomitra > Sandalolitha@robusta. Naturalis Biodiversity Center LeidenThe Netherlands)VHH7DEOH6

Diagnosis. &DUDSDFH VXEUHFWDQJXODU ORQJHU WKDQ EURDG GHSUHVVHG DQWHULRU KDOI EURDGHU WKDQ

SRVWHULRUKDOIVXUIDFHFRYHUHGZLWKÀQHJUDQXOHVPHGLDQJDVWULFUHJLRQIHHEO\FRQYH[LWVSRVWH- ULRUSDUWQRWVHSDUDWHGIURPFDUGLRLQWHVWLQDOUHJLRQEUDQFKLDOUHJLRQVVHSDUDWHGIURPPLGJDV-WULFDQGFDUGLRLQWHVWLQDOUHJLRQVE\VKDOORZIXUURZVIURQWPRGHUDWHO\FRQFDYHLQWHUQDORUELWDO

DQJOHIDOOLQJPXFKVKRUWHUWKDQH[WHUQDODQWHURODWHUDOERUGHUVDUPHGZLWKVSLQXOHVPRGHUDWHO\

Fig. 5. +RORW\SHFungicola syzygia VSQRY501+&UXV'AKDELWXVGRUVDOYLHZB anterolateral PDUJLQRIFDUDSDFHYHQWUDOYLHZC0;3DOHIW3FKHOLSHGEOHIW3FOHIW3GOHIW3H left 36FDOHEDUVPP%'+VKDUHVFDOHEDU

F G

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FRQYH[ODWHUDOERUGHUVEHKLQGLWVOLJKWO\FRQFDYH&KHOLSHGQRWVWRXWPHUXVDVZHOODVXSSHUERU-GHUVRIFDUSXVSDOPFRYHUHGZLWKÀQHJUDQXOHV8SSHUIDFHRIFR[DHRIWKLUGWRÀIWKSHUHLRSRGV

ZLWKVPDOOIRUZDUGSURWUXGLQJOREH&DUDSDFHSHUHLRSRGVDGXOOEHLJHJUH\VHPLWUDQVOXFHQW

)RUDFRPSOHWHGHVFULSWLRQRIF. fagei VHH)L]HDQG6HUqQH

Host corals. Fungicola fagei FDQEHIRXQGLQKDELWLQJÁDWWHQHGSLWVORGJHGEHWZHHQVHSWDH

VHH)L]HDQG6HUqQH3O;,,,')$FFRUGLQJWR)L]HDQG6HUqQHFungicola fagei LVDVVRFLDWHGZLWKParahalomitra robusta > Sandalolitha robusta@%DVHGRQ3O;,,,ÀJ'(

LQ)L]HDQG6HUqQHKRZHYHUWKLVFRUDOVSHFLHVVKRXOGLQVWHDGEHLGHQWLÀHGDVSandalolitha dentata %:+RHNVHPDSHUVFRPP7KHKRVWJHQHUDRIF. fagei are the attached Podabacia DQGWKHIUHHOLYLQJSandalolithaWZRFORVHO\UHODWHGJHQHUDPodabacia crustacea is the most FRPPRQKRVWDQGP. sinai LVDQHZKRVWIRUF. fagei 7DEOH6

Distribution range. Fungicola fagei KDVLVVRIDUNQRZQIURP1KD7UDQJ9LHWQDP)L]HDQG

6HUqQH0DOXNX,QGRQHVLD6HUqQHet al6HPSRUQD0DOD\VLDYDQGHU0HLMDQG

+RHNVHPDDQG3DODXDQG*XDPLQ0LFURQHVLD.URSS1HZUHFRUGVKHUHLQDUH

1HZ&DOHGRQLDDQG5DMD$PSDWDQG7HUQDWHLQ,QGRQHVLD$UHFRUGRIF. fagei IURP-DSDQE\

7DNHGDDQG7DPXUDFROOHFWHGIURPFungia > Pleuractis@paumotensisPRVWOLNHO\FRQ-stitutes F. syzygia VSQRYVHHUHPDUNVLQWKHVSHFLHVGHVFULSWLRQRIF. syzygia VSQRY

Remarks..URSSDVWDWHGWKDWWKHORFDWLRQRIWKHKRORW\SHZDVXQNQRZQKRZHYHUWKH

W\SHZDVORFDWHGLQWKH,QVWLWXWHRI2FHDQRJUDSK\LQ1KD7UDQJDQGLVLQUHODWLYHO\JRRGFRQGL-WLRQ7KHDOORW\SHZDVQRWIRXQGDQGLVFRQVLGHUHGORVW2XWRIWKHRWKHUPDWHULDOPHQWLRQHGE\)L]H

DQG6HUqQHRQO\VDPSOH(ZDVORFDWHGVDPSOHV((((

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Fungicola syzygia VSQRY

)LJV$+$.$(

?Fungicola fagei³7DNHGDDQG7DPXUD)LJ$'

?Fungicola VS³1Jet al)LJ

Type locality.6XODPDGDKD%D\7HUQDWH,QGRQHVLD1·µ(·µ

Type material. Naturalis Biodiversity Center (Leiden, The Netherlands). Holotype:

501+&UXV'KRVWPleuractis granulosa .OXQ]LQJHU[RYLJIHPDOH

ðOHJ6(7YDQGHU0HLM%:+RHNVHPDWKHKRORW\SHZLOOEHGHSRVLWHGLQWKHMuseum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Bogor, Indonesia ZLWKFDWDORJXHQXPEHU0=%&UXallotype:

501+&UXV'PDOH7DQMXQJ3DVLU3XWLK7HUQDWH,QGRQHVLD1·µ(·

µKRVWPleuractis granulosa .OXQ]LQJHU[LPDOHðOHJ6(7YDQ

GHU0HLMparatypes501+&UXV'7DQMXQJ5DWHPX6RIULYHU7HUQDWH,QGRQHVLD1

·µ(·µKRVWPleuractis granulosa .OXQ]LQJHU[LQRQRYLJ

IHPDOHðOHJ6(7YDQGHU0HLM501+&UXV'3LORQJJD17LGRUH,QGRQHVLD

1·µ(·µKRVWPleuractis granulosa .OXQ]LQJHU[LRYLJ

IHPDOHðOHJ6(7YDQGHU0HLMLee Kong Chian Natural History Museum (Singa-pore) =5& H[ 501+&UXV' 6XODPDGDKD %D\ 7HUQDWH ,QGRQHVLD 1

·µ(·µKRVWPleuractis granulosa .OXQ]LQJHU[RYLJIH-PDOHðOHJ%:+RHNVHPD

Material examined. Naturalis Biodiversity Center (Leiden, The Netherlands): see 7DEOH6

In document Cover Page The handle http://hdl.handle.net/1887/33207 holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation. (pagina 60-88)