The Red Sea and Arabia are a diversity and endemism hotspot for coral-dwelling gall crabs (Cryptochiridae)

Chapter 12

The Red Sea and Arabia are a diversity and endemism hotspot

Introduction

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Material and Methods

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Results

Diversity and composition of fauna

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The Red Sea fauna is dominated by Lithoscaptus VSHFLHVDQGOpecarcinus VSHFLHV

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Table 1. 3DLUZLVHJHQHWLFGLYHUJHQFHDVSDWULVWLFGLVWDQFHEHWZHHQ5HG6HDDQG,QGR0DOD\DQSRSXODWLRQVRIZLGHUDQJLQJVSHFLHVDQGEHWZHHQHQGHPLFVSHFLHVEROGDQG WKHLUVLVWHUVSHFLHV &2,GLYHUJHQFH 56,06LVWHUVSHFLHV *HQXV6SHFLHV+RVW5HG6HD$UDELDSGLVWDQFHSGLVWDQFH Cryptochirus coralliodytes Platygyra DG DacryomaiaVS$Leptastrea DacryomaiaVS%Leptastrea Fizesereneiapanda Lobophyllia ehrenbergi, L. hemprichii Fizesereneiaaff. pandaAcanthastreaVS unknown Fungicola syzygiaPleuractis, CycloserisE Fungicola utinomi Fungia, Lithophyllon Hapalocarcinusaff. marsupialis 1*Pocillopora damicornisFG Hapalocarcinusaff. marsupialis 2*Pocillopora Hapalocarcinusaff. marsupialis 3*Pocillopora, Stylophora wellsi, Stylophora VS Hapalocarcinusaff. marsupialis 4*Pocillopora cf. verrucosa Hiroia cf. krempfi*Hydnophora exesa Lithoscaptuscf. helleri*Favites cf. flexuosa Lithoscaptus nami [R} Hydnophora cf. exesa Lithoscaptus paradoxusPlatygyraG Lithoscaptusaff. paradoxusLeptoria phrygia Lithoscaptuscf. prionotus* Oulophyllia crispa Lithoscaptussp. SEchinopora fructiculosa, E. forskaliana LithoscaptusVS$Dipsastraea VSS LithoscaptusVS%Plesiastrea versipora Lithoscaptussp. KMerulina scheeri (and Goniastrea pectinata?) Lithoscaptussp. L Dipsastraea Neotroglocarcinus hongkongensisTurbinaria d Neotroglocarcinus dawydoffiTurbinaria Opecarcinus cathyae Pavona clavus Opecarcinus lobifronsGardineroseris planulata OpecarcinusVS A*Leptoseris yabei OpecarcinusVS%Pavona cf. explanulata

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Host relationships

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crabs. The endemic crabs, however, sometimes XWLOL]HGDPL[WXUHRIHQGHPLFDQGZLGHUDQJLQJ

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crab Hapalocarcinus aff. marsupialis 3 inhabit-ed the endemic coral S. wellsi, as well as wide- UDQJLQJPocillopora VSHFLHV

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different hosts Leptastrea in the RS, but the en-demic Lithophyllon undulatum LQ WKH ,0

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OpecarcinusVS&Leptoseris cf. incrustans OpecarcinusVS)Leptoseris incrustans Opecarcinussp. RPavona cf. varians / venosa Opecarcinussp. SPavona cf. explanulata OpecarcinusVS 9Pavona Pseudo- ransoniPavona cactus, P. cf. decussata hapalocarcinus VHQVX6FKHHUDQG3LODL Sphenomaiaaff. pyriformis 1*Dipsastraea cf. laxa Sphenomaiaaff. pyriformis 2* Astrea curta, Paramontastraea peresi Xynomaiacf. boissoni**Mycedium elephantotus, Echinophyllia Xynomaia sheni**XQNQRZQ d ,QEROGHQGHPLFIRUWKH5HG6HDDQG$UDELDQD QRWDSSOLFDEOHD +HOOHUE .UDPDUVN\:LQWHUet alF $EHOVRQet alG +RJDUWK FU\SWLF VSHFLHVSUHVHQW ;\QRPDLDVSSFDQEHGLIÀFXOWWRLGHQWLI\KHQFHDQLGHQWLÀFDWLRQHUURUFDQQRWEHUXOHGRXW)RUWKHOLWHUDWXUHUHFRUGKRZHYHUWKHUHLVQRPDWHULDOGHSRVLW in a natural history museum.

Genetic distance

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Discussion

Diversity and endemism

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estimates of endemism.

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are broadly distributed across Arabia. This contrasts with holothuroids, where endemics in the 5HG6HDWHQGWRUDQJHWRWKH*XOIRI$GHQEXWWHQGWRGURSRXWIURPWKHSURGXFWLYHXSZHOOHG

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Gall crabs were much more abundant in the southern than northern Red Sea, and were also DEXQGDQWLQ'MLERXWLDQG2PDQ$VLPLODUJHQHUDOSDWWHUQLVDSSDUHQWLQFRUDOEDUQDFOHV3\UJR-PDWLGDH*3SHUVREV0DOD\XQSXEO7KHODWWHUDUHDVDUHFKDUDFWHUL]HGE\KLJKDOJDOELRPDVV

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In document Cover Page The handle http://hdl.handle.net/1887/33207 holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation. (pagina 144-154)