5. DISCUSSIE EN CONCLUSIE
5.3 Beperkingen van het onderzoek en aanbevelingen voor toekomstig onderzoek
bieden voor toekomstig onderzoek.
Ten eerste, dit onderzoek heeft alleen de CG praktijken en CSR prestaties van beursgenoteerde ondernemingen onderzocht. Het is nu onbekend in hoeverre deze resultaten generaliseerbaar zullen zijn naar niet-beursgenoteerde ondernemingen. Toekomstig onderzoek zou eenzelfde onderzoek kunnen doen maar dan met een steekproef van niet-beursgenoteerde ondernemingen.
Ten tweede, in dit onderzoek is alleen gekeken of de cultuurdimensie individualisme-collectivisme van invloed is op de vier relaties van board karakteristieken en CSR prestaties van ondernemingen. Het is nu onduidelijk in hoeverre de andere drie cultuurdimensies van Hofstede van invloed zijn. Toekomstig onderzoek kan onderzoeken in hoeverre de cultuurdimensies onzekerheidsvermijding, masculiniteit en machtsafstand van invloed zijn. Daarnaast kan er ook onderzoek worden gedaan naar de invloed van nationale instituties anders dan het culturele systeem. Hierbij valt te denken aan het politieke systeem, het onderwijs en arbeidssysteem en het financiële systeem (Ioannou & Serafeim, 2012).
Ten derde, dit onderzoek heeft alleen gekeken naar karakteristieken van de board of directors (het toezichthoudende orgaan) op de hoogte van de CSR prestaties. Toekomstig onderzoek kan zich richten op andere CG factoren welke van invloed zijn op de CSR prestaties en deze CG factoren plaatsen in een contextuele omgeving. Te denken valt hierbij aan karakteristieken van het bestuursorgaan (bijvoorbeeld de CEO) om te kijken in hoeverre deze karakteristieken onderworpen zijn aan andere externe factoren.
Ten slotte, het is mogelijk dat de CSP scores van de Thomson Reuters ASSET4 niet volledig de werkelijke sociale impact van de CSR-activiteiten van een onderneming weerspiegelen, hoewel het een nauwkeurige en effectieve samenvatting is van alle beschikbare informatie van de sociale prestaties van een centrale onderneming. Met andere woorden,
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voor zover beschikbare publieke informatie niet de werkelijke sociale impact van de CSR-activiteiten weerspiegelt, zal deze maatstaf onvolledig zijn. Toekomstig onderzoek zou zich derhalve kunnen richten op het ontwikkelen van een directe maatstaf van de werkelijke sociale impact die CSR-activiteiten hebben op de verschillende groepen belanghebbenden in plaats van gebruik te maken van maatstaven welke uitsluitend zijn gebaseerd op publieke informatie van verschillende vormen (Ioannou & Serafeim, 2012).
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