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The handle http://hdl.handle.net/1887/60263 holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation
Author: Murai, Nobuaki
Title: Studies in the aklu documents of the Middle Babylonian period
Date: 2018-01-24
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Studies in the aklu Documents of the Middle Babylonian Period
Proefschrift
ter verkrijging van
de graad van Doctor aan de Universiteit Leiden, op gezag van Rector Magnificus prof. mr. C.J.J.M. Stolker,
volgens besluit van het College voor Promoties te verdedigen op woensdag 24 januari 2018
klokke 11.15 uur
door Nobuaki Murai geboren te Otsu city, Japan
in 1979
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Promotor: prof. dr. W. H. van Soldt Promotiecommissie: prof. dr. C. Waerzeggers
prof. dr. K. van der Toorn (Universiteit van Amsterdam)
prof. dr. Jesper Eidem dr. W. Waal
dr. J. G. Dercksen
dr. F. A. M. Wiggermann
This PhD research was subsidized by the Canon Foundation in Europe for
2015.
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Contents
Acknowledgments ... 4
1. Introduction ... 9
2. Rīmūtu ... 32
3. Ninurta-kīn-pīšu ... 59
4. Ninurta-nādin-aḫḫē ... 70
5. Enlil-AL-SA6 ... 127
6. Matthews no. 164 ... 138
7. Matthews no. 61 ... 149
8. Matthews no. 162 ... 158
9. Matthews no. 146 ... 164
10. Matthews no. 156 ... 171
11. Matthews no. 157 ... 172
12. Matthews no. 161 ... 173
13. Matthews no. 187 ... 174
14. Matthews no. 142 ... 176
15. Aklu documents without a seal impression ... 177
16. Aklu documents of Dūr-Enlilē ... 201
17. Aklu documents of Ur ... 211
18. Aklu documents of the archive of the sons of Nabû-šarraḫ ... 213
19. Overview of each category ... 216
20. Conclusions ... 254
Future Research ... 257
Unpublished documents ... 259
Concordance ... 322
Bibliography ... 330
Samenvatting, Curriculum Vitae………..………...346 Note: In this study, seal numbers follow Matthews 1992 and are written in boldface.
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Acknowledgments
I began my Ph.D. research in Leiden in September 2011, and stayed in the Netherlands until August 2016. For assistance received during this time, I am deeply indebted to several teachers and
colleagues. My sincere thanks go to Prof. Dr. W. H. van Soldt, who accepted me as a Ph.D. student in Leiden and allowed me to use his Middle Babylonian transliterations and notes for my
dissertation. He also read my early drafts and gave me useful advice. Also, Dr. van Soldt and Dr. D.
Katz invited Ph.D. students to a party at their home, which is one of the good memories of my stay in the Netherlands.
It was my good fortune to be able to attend the Sumerian classes of Dr. T. J. H. Krispijn and the Old Assyrian classes of Dr. J. G. Dercksen. These classes expanded my knowledge of other periods and regions of Mesopotamian civilization. I am grateful to both teachers also for their kindness to me during my stay in Leiden. The students with whom I attended the classes were excellent. The classes were fun and exciting for me. I was fortunate to receive financial support from the Canon Foundation in Europe for 2015, which I greatly appreciate.
Since September 2016, I have continued to revise the manuscript, with generous help from colleagues. Dr. F. W. Knobloch agreed to read my early draft and gave me much fruitful advice. He improved its style and English expressions and helped me to understand some definitions of technical terms. I appreciate his help very much. Dr. Rients de Boer kindly helped me to correct the summaries (Dutch and English). Thanks to him, they have been considerably improved.
In February 2017, I received remarks from the members of the dissertation committee. Thanks to them, the introduction, conclusion, contextualization of the main persons, critical engagement with predecessors, and treatment of several topics such as akītu, kispu, iškaru, Nippurītu, etc., have been greatly improved. Also, Dr. J. S. Tenney, who kindly read my manuscript, gave me many valuable suggestions. Thanks to him, the composition of the introduction is greatly improved. Dr.
Philip Jones, associate curator and keeper of collections at the Penn Museum, allowed me to append transliterations which I made from the CDLI photos to the dissertation. I am most grateful to him. At the final stage of the procedure, Prof. Dr. M. Stol kindly took time to read the manuscript. His comments inspired me to greater efforts. I express my sincere thanks to him. Also Prof. Dr. M. R.
Rutgers, dean, offered a few remarks about the acknowledgments and propositions for me. Thanks to him, they are improved greatly.
Special thanks are due to my professors of Akkadian and Sumerian in Japan, Dr. Ichiro Nakata and Dr. Fumi Karahashi. I am deeply indebted to them not only for my master’s degree research, but also for my Ph.D. research.
My parents have supported and encouraged me for a long time. I can’t thank them enough.
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List of Abbreviations
BE The Babylonian Expedition of the University of Pennsylvania, Series A:
Cuneiform Texts.
CBS Tablets in the collection of the Babylonian Section of the University Museum, Philadelphia.
CT Cuneiform Texts from Babylonian Tablets in the British Museum.
HS Tablets in the Frau Professor Hilprecht Collection of Babylonian Anitiquities, Jena.
MBTU O. R. Gurney, The Middle Babylonian Legal and Economic Texts from Ur.
MRWH H. P. H. Petschow, Mittelbabylonische Rechts- und Wirtschaftsurkunden der Hilprecht-Sammlung Jena.
MSKH J. A. Brinkman, Materials and Studies for Kassite History.
MUN Mittelbabylonische Urkunden aus Nippur. The texts from Nippur published in L. Sassmannshausen, Beiträge zur Verwaltung und Gesellschaft Babyloniens in der Kassitenzeit.
N Tablets in the collection of the University Museum, Philadelphia.
Ni Tablets from Nippur in the collction of the İstanbul Arkeoloji Müzeleri.
PBS University of Pennsylvania, the Museum, Publications of the Babylonian Section.
TBER J. M. Durand, Textes babyloniens d’époque récente.
UM Tablets in the collection of the University Museum, Philadelphia.
The abbreviations of the Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (available at http://cdli.ox.ac.uk/wiki/doku.php?id=abbreviations_for_assyriology).
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List of Rulers of Kassite Babylonia, with Abbreviations
Below I reproduce the list of Brinkman 1976a, 30–31. All dates in this study are B.C.
1. Gandaš (1729–1704)
2. Agum I (maḫrû) (1703–1682)
3. Kaštiliyašu I (1681–1660)
4-5. (uncertain) (1659– )
6. Urzigurumaš
7. Ḫarba-x
8–9. (Uncertain) 10. Burna-Buriyaš I 11–14. (Uncertain)
15.? Kara-indaš ca. 1413?
16.? Kadašman-Ḫarbe I 17.? Kurigalzu I
18.? Kadašman-Enlil I (1374)–1360
19.? Burna-Buriyaš II BB 1359–1333
20.? Kara-ḫardaš 1333
21.? Nazi-Bugaš 1333
22. Kurigalzu II KG 1332–1308
23. Nazi-Maruttaš NM 1307–1282
24. Kadašman-Turgu KT 1281–1264
25. Kadašman-Enlil II KaE 1263–1255
26. Kudur-Enlil KuE 1254–1246
27. Šagarakti-Šuriyaš ŠŠ 1245–1233 28. Kaštiliyašu (IV) Kšt 1232–1225
28a. Tukulti-Ninurta 1225
29. Enlil-nādin-šumi 1224
30. Kadašman-Ḫarbe II 1223
31. Adad-šuma-iddina 1222–1217
32. Adad-šuma-uṣur Ašu 1216–1187
33. Meli-Šipak 1186–1172
34. Marduk-apla-iddina I 1171–1159
35. Zababa-šuma-iddina 1158
36. Enlil-nādin-aḫi 1157–1155
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Governor of Nippur (šandabakku)
The list below is based on Sassmannshausen 2001, 16–17.
Amīlātu Before or in the reign of Kurigalzu I(1)
Ninurta-nādin-aḫḫē In the reign of Burna-Buriyaš II (1359–1337)(2) Enlil-kidinnī In the 24th year of Burna-Buriyaš II (1336)(3) Enlil-AL-SA6 In the 8th year of Nazi-Maruttaš (1300)(4) Uzi-Šugab After the reign of Nazi-Maruttaš (1307–1282)(5) Amīl-Marduk At a minimum, between the 9th year of Šagarakti-
Šuriyaš (1237)(6) and the 4th year of Kaštiliyašu IV (1229)(7)
Enlil-nādin-šumi(8) In the reign of Adad-šuma-iddina (1222–1217)(9) Enlil-šuma-imbi In the reign of Adad-šuma-uṣur (1216–1187)(10)
(1) Sollberger 1968, 191–192.
(2) Sassmannshausen 2001, p. 16. But it is not certain how long his tenure was.
(3) PBS 8/2 no. 162 obv. 8. In this study, I use “no.” (e.g., for PBS 8/2, BE 14, BE 15) to specify the text number. It does not refer to page numbers.
(4) MUN 434 obv. 4.
(5) BE 14 no. 39 obv. 1.
(6) BE 14 no. 136 u. e. 1.
(7) MUN 193 rev. 16.
(8) Sassmannshausen 2001, 17 (Enlil-zākir-šumi), Paulus 2014, 403 I 18 (m.den-líl-ŠÚM.MU:
Enlil-nādin-šumi).
(9) It is unknown how long his tenure was.
(10) Paulus 2014, 405 III 6–7. It is unknown how long his tenure was.
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High Priests of Enlil (nêšakku)
This list is based on Sassmannshausen 2001, 62.
Banâ-ša-Marduk Son of Iddin-Ninurta(11)
[Bē]lānu Son of Kadašman-Enlil, grandson of Kurigalzu(12)
Enlil-AL-SA6 Son of Enlil-kidinnī and governor (šandabakku) of Nippur(13)
Enlil-bāni In the reign of Kurigalzu I (before 1374)(14)
Enlil-kidinnī Son of Ninurta-nādin-aḫḫē and governor (šandabakku) of Nippur(15)
Enlil-šuma-imbi Son of Dayyān-Marduk and governor (šandabakku) of Nippur in the reign of Adad-šuma-uṣur (1216–1187)(16) Ninurta-nādin-aḫḫē Governor (šandabakku) of Nippur in the reign of Burna-
Buriyaš II (1359–1337)(17)
Ninurta-rēṣūšu Son of Nūr-Dilbat(18)
Nūr-Dilbat Father of Ninurta-rēṣūšu, son of Enlil-bāni who was
mayor of Dūr-Kurigalzu, descendant of Amīlātu.(19)
Nūr-Enlil Son of Kurigalzu.(20)
(11) Stiehler-Alegria Delgado 1996, 175 no. 5. Cf. Biggs 1965, 96.
(12) Matthews 1992, 87. For the legend of Matthews no. 61, see Matthews and Brinkman 1990, 83–84 no. 103; Stiehler-Alegria Delgado 1996, 66 (n. 32), 202 (no. 193), Fototafel 7 (no. 193); van Soldt 1997, 97–104; Sassmannshausen 2001, 14 n. 158 and 62 n. 965; and Boese 2009, 86–88.
(13) Matthews 1992, 136.
(14) Paulus 2014, 315.
(15) PBS 13 no. 64 obv. 11′.
(16) Paulus 2014, 404 I 46–47. But the length of his tenure is unknown.
(17) Sassmannshausen 2001, 62. But it is unknown how long his tenure was.
(18) Sassmannshausen 2001, 62.
(19) Sollberger 1968, 191–192.
(20) Limet 1971, 95 (7.7).
