APPENDIX 1 Ranking of Developmental State characteristics

(1)

Rank Characteristic

Authors

Weight

1 Exports

Sindzingre,

Yoshimatsu,

Castley, Amsden, Levi

Faur, Thompson, Doner,

Ritchi and Slater

7/36

2 Fostering of industries

Sindzingre, Yoshimatsu,

Guillen, Krieckhaus,

Thompson, Weiss and

Hobson

1/6

3 Low taxrates

Sindzingre, Yoshimatsu,

Castley, Guillen

1/9

4 High protection

Sindzingre, Yoshimatsu,

Evans, Levi Faur

1/9

5 Deeply embedded

Sindzingre, Yoshimatsu,

Guillen, Weiss and

Hobson

Excluded

6 Low income disparity

Sindzingre, Levi Faur,

Yoshimatsu, Weiss and

Hobson

1/9

7 High savings

Sindzingre, Krieckhaus,

Thompson

1/12

8 Low imports

Sindzingre, Levi Faur

1/18

9 Focus on manufacturing

Sindzingre, Doner, Ritchi

and Slater,

1/18

10 High public expenditure on

education

Sindzingre, Thompson

1/18

11 Limited foreign shareholding

Sindzingre, Yoshimatsu

1/18

12 Training in technology

Sindzingre

Excluded

13 High public expenditure on

health

Sindzingre Excluded

14 Nationalism

Levi

Faur Excluded

15 Incentives banking sector

Sindzingre

Excluded

(2)

2

APPENDIX 2 Data sources of all variables

Variable Data

Source

Export rate

Average Export

rate 1990-2004

as %GDP

World Development Indicators in the Economic Library

http://devdata.worldbank.org/data-query/

http://www.adb.org/Documents/Books/Key_Indicators/2000/S

IN.pdf

Fostering of

industries

Average

Subsidies

1990-2004 as % of

total

expenditure.

World Development Indicators in the Economic Library

Tax level

Average Tax

Revenue1990-2004 as %GDP

World Development Indicators in the Economic Library

http://devdata.worldbank.org/wdi2006/contents/Section5.htm

Protection Average

Customs and

other import

duties

1990-2004 as % of

total tax

revenue

World Development Indicators in the Economic Library

http://devdata.worldbank.org/wdi2006/contents/Section5.htm

Inequality Gini

coefficient

World Development Indicators in the Economic Library

http://www.worldbank.org/research/inequality/pdf/milshlomo.

pdf

http://www.worldbank.org/research/inequality/data.htm

http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/mp.html

Savings Average

Gross

Domestic

Savings

1990-2004 as %GDP

World Development Indicators in the Economic Library

http://devdata.worldbank.org/wdi2006/contents/Section2.htm

http://pwt.econ.upenn.edu/php_site/pwt61_form.php

Importe rate

Average Import

rate 1990-2004

as %GDP

World Development Indicators in the Economic Library

http://devdata.worldbank.org/data-query/

http://www.adb.org/Documents/Books/Key_Indicators/2000/S

IN.pdf

http://ddp-ext.worldbank.org/ext/DDPQQ/member.do?method=getMemb

ers&userid=1&queryId=35

Focus on

Manufacturing

Average

Manufacturing

1990-2004 %

of GDP

World Development Indicators in the Economic Library

Public

Expediture on

education

Average Public

expenditure on

education

1990-2004 as a

%GDP

World Development Indicators in the Economic Library

http://hdr.undp.org/statistics/data/indicators.cfm?x=101&y=1

&z=1

(3)

3 GDP

GDP

growthrate

Average GDP

growthrate

1990-2004

World Development Indicators in the Economic Library

http://devdata.worldbank.org/edstats/cd1.asp

http://pwt.econ.upenn.edu/php_site/pwt61_form.php

Corruption CPI

Public sector

ethics index

http://www.transparency.org

http://www.icgg.org/corruption.cpi_2005.html

http://www.worldbank.org/wbi/governance/pdf/ETHICS.xls

Quality of life

Quality-of-life-index

http://www.economist.com/media/pdf/QUALITY_OF_LIFE.p

df

Population

growth

Average

Pupulation

growth rate

1990-2004

World Development Indicators in the Economic Library

Investment Average

Captial

formation

1990-2004

World Development Indicators in the Economic Library

Government

expenditure

Average

General

government

expenditure

1990-2004 as

% of GDP

World Development Indicators in the Economic Library

School

enrollment

Average Gross

school

enrollment ratio

secondary

schooling

1990-2004

World Development Indicators in the Economic Library

Political

stability

Political

stabilityindex

http://www.worldbank.org/wbi/governance/pubs/govmatters20

01.htm

Initial GDP

1960 GDP per

capita

http://pwt.econ.upenn.edu/php_site/pwt61_retrieve.php

http://www.mnp.nl/hyde/images/gdp_tcm63-22957.xls

(4)

4

APPENDIX 3 Data Developmental State variables

(1)Export rate %GDP (high) Av. 1990-2004

(2)Subsidies

% of total

expenditures

(high) Av. 1990-2004 (3)Tax revenue %GDP (low) Av. 1990-2004 (4)Customs/other import duties% of Taxrevenue Av. 1990-2004 (6)Gini coefficient (low) between 1990-2004 (7)GrossDom. Savings %GDP (high) Av. 1990-2004 (8)Import rate %GDP (low) Av. 1990-2004 (9)Manuf. % of GDP. (high) Av. 1990-2004 (10)Public expenditure on education %GDP (high) Av. 1990-2004 (11)FDI (high) %GDP Av. 1990-2004

ASIA

Bangladesh 11.14 26.67

8.00 40.33

32

14.71 16.93 15.00 2.00

0.07 China 23.21

33.03

a

_5.42

_16.11

_{45 41.43 20.64}

_34.64

_{2.00 4.07}

India

11.21 31.00

9.07 28.07

33

22.07 12.29 16.36 3.67

0.57 Indonesia 32.43 43.22

15.36 4.64

34

28.21 28.36 24.07 1.00

0.29 Japan 10.21

65.00

12.75 1.75 25

29.64

8.79

23.38

4.00

0.00 Malaysia 98.71 28.50

18.43 10.79

49

41.43 89.93 28.29 6.25

4.86 Singapore 79.7

b

_28.54

_15.77

_2.54

₄₂

_47.5

_77.1

a

_{26.11 3.10}

c

_12.29

South Korea 39.18

d

-

31

e

-

36.47

39.64

3.30

b

-

The

Philippines

41.57 8.25

14.86 25.36

46

17.00 46.21 23.14 3.33

1.57 Vietnam 43.00

33.03

e

_17.22

_25.11

_{37 19.43 49.43}

_16.57

_2.00

b

_6.07

EASTERN

EUROPE

Bosnia 24.50

68.00

f

_22.4

g

_11.00

f

₂₆

_-13.56

_67.60

_20.10

_4.00

f

_2.10

Bulgaria

48.14 49.07

18.71 7.86

32

14.43 51.07 19.00 3.50

3.29 Croatia

48.00 38.73

21.55 13.09

29

11.71 54.77 24.29 4.00

3.29 Estonia

72.50 54.88

17.36 1.20

37

22.93 78.75 21.36 6.00

4.93 Hungary

49.15 58.00

22.25 4.00

27

22.77 51.23 23.58 5.00

4.50 Lithuania 49.14 54.75

15.75 1.75

32

16.00 55.21 24.14 6.00

2.29 Macedonia 38.00 55.29

h

_19.39

i

_7.30

i

₂₈

_8.21

_48.93

_24.21

_4.00

_2.00

Romania 27.21 52.67

18.17 7.33

30

17.64 33.43 26.42 3.67

1.86 Serbia 22.57

68.00

23.00 11.00 26

i

_{-2.83 39.14}

_20.10

c

_4.00

_2.00

Slovenia

59.52 51.58

21.42 8.73

28

23.69 58.92 29.25 6.10

b

_1.75

Ukraine

42.43 57.25

13.25 7.00

29

25.57 41.79 29.75 4.40

1.14 AFRICA

Botswana

(S)

51.79 34.14

22.54 34.71

63

39.64 40.71 4.71 2.00

0.86 Cameroon 24.27 16.42

9.29 24.43

45

18.79 22.08 11.33 3.09

0.34 Chad

15.93 -

-

1.93 35.79 11.93 2.00

9.50 Gambia

51.28 12.16

18.20 45.56

48

8.84 62.12 6.07 2.82

5.80 Ghana 30.83

19.00

j

_12.00

_27.25

_{41 7.50 44.00}

_9.00

_{4.00 1.71}

Mauritius(S) 61.79 30.64

18.14 36.64

37

k

_{24.36 64.36}

_23.50

_{4.00 1.00}

a

_{Used the average value for country region}

b

_{Source : http://www.adb.org/Documents/Books/Key_Indicators/2000/SIN.pdf}

c

_{Source : http://hdr.undp.org/statistics/data/indicators.cfm?x=101&y=1&z=1}

d

_{Source : http://devdata.worldbank.org/data-query/}

e

_{Source: http://www.worldbank.org/research/inequality/pdf/milshlomo.pdf}

f

_{Used the same value as Servia due to similarities}

g

_{Source: http://devdata.worldbank.org/wdi2006/contents/Section5.htm}

h

_{Used average value for country region}

i

_{Used the same value as Bosnia due to similarities}

(5)

5 Nigeria 43.29

23.24

m

20.41

m

24.94

m

51 25.93 38.00

4.79

0.90

n

3.57 South

Africa 25.50 41.71

23.93 3.14

58

19.43 22.57 20.43 5.40

1.07 Zambia

29.71 19.00

17.80 24.90

53

9.36 36.50 18.36 2.00

3.71 LATIN

AMERICA

Argentina 11.93 47.00

9.00 4.00

52

18.14 10.50 20.57 4.67

2.21 Bolivia

20.93 45.00

13.00 6.50

45

9.64 27.36 17.14 5.80

5.79 Brazil

10.36 51.57

11.14 4.57

59

20.5 10.21 19.54 4.33

2.14 Colombia 18.07 1.33

13.00 8.00

58

17.21 19.36 16.86 4.20

2.29 Costa

Rica 40.86 25.71

12.21 14.5

47

16.64 43.71 22.79 4.75

3.21 Chile 30.86

61.00

16.00

11.64

o

₅₇

_24.93

_30.07

_17.57

_4.00

_4.93

Mexico

24.93 2.00

11.27 7.09

55

20.64 26.79 20.14 4.33

2.43 Paraguay 29.07 28.00

9.86 19.5

58

9.57 42.64 14.93 5.00

1.57 Peru

14.36 39.93

12.50 11.86

50

17.64 16.93 17.00 3.00

2.93 Venezuela 28.43 57.17

13.64 11.64

49

24.86 20.79 12.79 3.00

b

_2.71

Middle

East

Armenia

29.96 33.73

14.01 4.71

38 -3.77

55.27 26.05 3.21

3.05 Azerbaidjzjan

43.70 48.58

14.91 11.68

37

14.38 53.29 23.88 3.62

12.02 Bahrein 83.90

11.74 5.01

44.33 38

p

_{27.58 74.73}

_16.16

_3.96

q

_2.28

r

Egypt

20.86 7.71

17.00 20.50

34

12.50 27.36 18.14 3.90

1.07 Iran

21.80 27.41

7.10 21.91

43

30.71 20.82 13.47 4.78

0.05 Jordan

49.08 11.61

19.53 30.70

36

2.84 73.65 14.90 5.54

1.90 Kuwait 47.08

35.44 1.06

73.75 38

s

_{14.12 49.81}

_9.31

_3.96

t

_0.09

Lebanon 12.07

9.03 13.18

25.27

44

u

-21.86 57.76

11.13 2.41 0.87

Oman 50.58

9.75 7.85

12.19 37

v

_{28.89 37.86}

_4.14

_{4.28 0.64}

Syria 32.99

21.67

w

_17.28

_11.88

₃₈

x

_{20.75 34.69}

_20.85

_3.96

y

_0.86

k

_{Source: http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/mp.html Estimate of 1987}

l

_{Source: http://www.sarpn.org.za/documents/d0001156/index.php}

m

_{Used average value for country group}

n

_{Source: http://hdr.undp.org/statistics/data/indicators.cfm?x=101&y=1&z=1}

o

_{Used the same value as Venezuela due to similarities}

p

_{Used the mean value for Middle East}

q

_{Used the mean value for Middle East}

r

_{Used the mean value for Middle East}

s

_{Used the mean value for Middle East}

t

_{Used the mean value for Middle East}

u

_{Source: http://mdg-guide.undp.org/files/Lebanon_SPPD-Social%20Protection_2002.doc}

v

_{Source: http://hdr.undp.org/nhdr/reviews/create_narrative.cfm?review_id=111&vmode=view}

w

_{Used the mean value for Middle East}

x

_{Used the mean value for Middle East}

(6)

6

APPENDIX 4 Data Growth model variables

z

_{Due to extremely high growth during the 1990’s some values were left out from the average}

(7)

7 South

Africa 4.5 42.2

1.93 1.86

16.43

19.29 83.83 -0.09

3273 0.886

Namibia

4.3 37.8

3.64 2.86

22.14

30.14 56.50 0.46

1476

0.722 Nigeria

1.9 15.1

3.57 2.71

20.50

16.14 25.00 -1.49

1035

0.857 Zambia

2.6 29.1

1.43 2.29

16.36

16.21 22.50 -0.02

1167

0.807 LATIN

AMERICA

Argentina

2.8 21.8

2.86 1.00

16.79

10.79 90.20 -0.74 7395

0.288 Bolivia

2.5 14.5

3.50 2.00

16.36

14.00 72.50 -0.20 2324

0.740 Brazil

3.7 35.2

1.79 1.29

20.57

18.64 87.75 0.17 2395

0.066 Colombia

4.0 22.6

2.71 2.00

18.57

16.79 66.33 -1.78 2525

0.596 Costa

Rica

4.2 34.2

4.71 2.14

19.64

13.79 52.80 1.06 3480

0.458 Chile

7.3 62.9

5.50 1.43

24.29

10.71 81.80 1.04 3818

0.515 Mexico

3.5 23.3

3.07 1.50

22.43

10.64 68.60 0.22 3970

0.219 Paraguay

2.1 10.2

1.93 2.21

23.14

7.79 52.60 -1.33 2437

0.180 Peru

3.5 23.5

3.21 1.86

20.36

9.64 81.00 -0.67 3118

0.510 Venezuela

2.3 12.9

0.86 2.00

17.29

7.71 60.00 -1.20 7751

0.524

Middle

East

Armenia

2.9 28.7

bb

0.96 -1.04

28.49

13.13 86.26 -0.53 1704

cc

0.128 Azerbaidjzjan

2.2 24.9

dd

-0.82 1.07

23.97

16.40 80.41 -1.13

1704

ee

0.310 Bahrein

5.8 57.3

5.05 2.68

18.40

21.00 95.73 0.31 1138

0.501 Egypt

3.4 35.0

4.14 2.00

18.86

10.43 81.60 -0.35

1322

0.025 Iran

_{2.9 28.7}

ff

_{4.92 1.58}

_29.72

_12.93

_{74.17 -0.62 2635}

_0.750

Jordan

5.7 58.8

4.67 3.94

27.41

23.74 80.71 -0.44 2305

0.455 Kuwait

4.7 38.6

gg

5.42 -1.22

16.84

35.35 82.65 0.14 3860

0.788 Lebanon

3.1 29.8

7.80 1.66

23.83

14.81 77.54 -0.59 623

0.356 Oman

6.3 47.4

hh

_{4.88 3.57}

_15.97

_27.95

_{71.06 0.98 364}

_0.142

Syria

3.4 31.5

ii

4.92 2.82

22.45

12.29 44.40 -0.14 1388

0.210

aa

_{Due to missing data for a number of countries used the 1960 GDP per capita for Eastern Europe as a whole}

bb

_{Due to missing data used a PSEI index of 5.49*CPI + 12.8, which was the regressionmodel with PSEI as a}

dependent variable and CPI as a dependent variable.

cc

_{Due to missing data used average for Middle East}

dd

_{Due to missing data used a PSEI index of 5.49*CPI + 12.8, which was the regressionmodel with PSEI as a}

dependent variable and CPI as a dependent variable.

ee

_{Due to missing data used average for Middle East}

ff

_{Due to missing data used a PSEI index of 5.49*CPI + 12.8, which was the regressionmodel with PSEI as a}

dependent variable and CPI as a dependent variable.

gg

_{Due to missing data used a PSEI index of 5.49*CPI + 12.8, which was the regressionmodel with PSEI as a}

dependent variable and CPI as a dependent variable.

hh

_{Due to missing data used a PSEI index of 5.49*CPI + 12.8, which was the regressionmodel with PSEI as a}

dependent variable and CPI as a dependent variable.

ii

_{Due to missing data used a PSEI index of 5.49*CPI + 12.8, which was the regressionmodel with PSEI as a}

(8)

8

APPENDIX 5 Correlation CPI and PSEI

CPI

PSEI

CPI

1.000000

0.870738

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(15)

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34 Acknowledgements