Team reflection on weak resilience signals: resilience enhancement of a rail sociotechnical system
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(13) Introduction. A. W. Siegel. 1.
(14) Team reflection on weak resilience signals. 2. A. W. Siegel.
(15) Introduction. A. W. Siegel. 3.
(16) Team reflection on weak resilience signals. 4. A. W. Siegel.
(17) Introduction. A. W. Siegel. 5.
(18) Team reflection on weak resilience signals. 6. A. W. Siegel.
(19) Introduction. A. W. Siegel. 7.
(20) Team reflection on weak resilience signals. 8. A. W. Siegel.
(21) Introduction. A. W. Siegel. 9.
(22) Team reflection on weak resilience signals. 10. A. W. Siegel.
(23) Introduction. A. W. Siegel. 11.
(24) Team reflection on weak resilience signals. 12. A. W. Siegel.
(25) Weak resilience signal - workload. A. W. Siegel. 13.
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(27) Weak resilience signal - workload. A. W. Siegel. 15.
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(29) Weak resilience signal - workload. A. W. Siegel. 17.
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(31) Weak resilience signal - workload. d. A. W. Siegel. 19.
(32) Team reflection on weak resilience signals. αB fB. B. n. PiB. 𝛼𝐵 = 𝑓𝐵 (𝑃𝑖𝐵 , 𝑖 = 1, … , 𝑛) (1). ΔαB PiB ∆𝛼𝐵 = ∑𝑛𝑖=1(𝐾𝑖𝐵 ∙ ∆𝑃𝑖𝐵 ), 𝑖 = 1, … , 𝑛 (2). ∆𝛼𝐵 = ∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝐾𝑖𝐵 𝑃𝑖𝐵 (𝑡1 ) − ∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝐾𝑖𝐵 𝑃𝑖𝐵 (𝑡2 ) , 𝑖 = 1, … , 𝑛 (3). WRSB. Threshold-WRSB αB (4). KiB ; i=1,...,n KiB αB. Threshold-WRSB Threshold-WRSB Threshold-WRSB. fB. 20. A. W. Siegel.
(33) Weak resilience signal - workload. A. W. Siegel. 21.
(34) Team reflection on weak resilience signals. 𝐾𝑠𝑤𝑖𝑡𝑐ℎ =. 22. 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑖𝑛 5 min 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑡 +1 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑖𝑛 5 min 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑡. A. W. Siegel. (5).
(35) Weak resilience signal - workload. 𝑋𝑇𝐿𝑊𝑆 = 𝐾𝑠𝑤𝑖𝑡𝑐ℎ𝑊𝑆 (𝐾𝑚𝑜𝑛. 𝑀𝑜𝑛𝑊𝑆 𝑃𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑊𝑆 𝑀𝑎𝑛𝑊𝑆 + 𝐾𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛 + 𝐾𝑚𝑎𝑛 + 𝐾𝑐𝑜𝑚 ∙ 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑊𝑆 ) (6) 𝑀𝑜𝑛𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑃𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑀𝑎𝑛𝑚𝑎𝑥. A. W. Siegel. 23.
(36) Team reflection on weak resilience signals. 24. A. W. Siegel.
(37) Weak resilience signal - workload. 3. 5. Objective Stretch. Subjective Stretch 4. 2. XTL. IWS. 3. 2 1 1. IWS baseline. 0. 0. Time (Hour:Minute) XTL. IWS. A. W. Siegel. 25.
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(41) Weak resilience signal - workload. Group. ## Stretch Stretch-ratio Mean SD [IWS/XTL]. Before Target reorganization Reference All (T & R) During Target reorganization Target - planner Reference All (T & R) All - planner. 35 107 142 170 134 134 304 268. 5.30 5.82 5.69 7.37 6.17 6.36 6.92 6.26. Mean. Subjective Stretch (SS) Objective Stretch (OS) SD Mean(SS/Dt) SD(SS/Dt) Mean SD Mean(OS/Dt) SD(OS/Dt). [IWS x min]. 2.61 2.55 2.57 4.24 2.81 1.80 3.42 2.36. [IWS]. [XTL x min]. [XTL]. 21.13. 15.60. 3.09. 0.80. 4.28. 3.58. 0.62. 0.26. 21.17 21.18. 24.30 25.59. 2.75 2.75. 0.59 0.59. 3.49 3.70. 3.82 4.00. 0.47 0.50. 0.21 0.20. A. W. Siegel. 29.
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(53) Weak resilience signal - workload. 𝐾𝑚𝑜𝑛. 𝐾𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛 = 0.9, 𝐾𝑚𝑎𝑛. 𝐾𝑐𝑜𝑚 = 1.5.. 𝑀𝑜𝑛𝑊𝑆. 𝑋𝑇𝐿𝑊𝑆 = 𝐾𝑠w𝑖𝑡𝑐ℎ𝑊𝑆 (𝐾𝑚𝑜𝑛 𝑀𝑜𝑛. 𝑚𝑎𝑥. 𝑃𝑙𝑎𝑛. 𝑀𝑎𝑛. + 𝐾𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛 𝑃𝑙𝑎𝑛 𝑊𝑆 + 𝐾𝑚𝑎𝑛 𝑀𝑎𝑛 𝑊𝑆 + 𝐾𝑐𝑜𝑚 ∙ 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑊𝑆 ) + 1 𝑚𝑎𝑥. 𝑚𝑎𝑥. 1 ≤ 𝑋𝑇𝐿𝑊𝑆 ≤ 9. A. W. Siegel. 41.
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(55) Weak resilience signal - workload. 𝑘 𝑚𝑜𝑛 ∙ 𝑚𝑜𝑛 (𝑠) + 𝑘 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛 ∙ 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛 (𝑠) + 𝑘 𝑚𝑎𝑛 ∙ m𝑎𝑛 (𝑠) 𝐵𝑇𝐿𝑤𝑠 = 𝐵𝑠𝑤𝑖𝑡𝑐ℎ𝑊𝑆 ∙ ( ) + 𝑘 𝑐𝑜𝑚 ∙ 𝑐𝑜𝑚 (𝑠). A. W. Siegel. 43.
(56) Team reflection on weak resilience signals. 44. A. W. Siegel.
(57) Case 1. 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1. Case 2. 13:55 14:05 14:15 14:25 14:35 14:45 14:55 15:05 15:15 15:25 15:35. 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1. IWS. IWS. Weak resilience signal - workload. A. W. Siegel. 45.
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(63) Performance weak resilience signal. A. W. Siegel. 51.
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(65) Performance weak resilience signal. A. W. Siegel. 53.
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(67) Performance weak resilience signal. A. W. Siegel. 55.
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(72) Team reflection on weak resilience signals. 1. Level. 2. Generalizability 3. Quantity. 5. Markers. 6. High. 7. Low. 9. Strategy. 10. Moderate. 11. Moderate. 13. Observation. 14. Low. 15. High. 60. A. W. Siegel. 4. Example 8. Maximizing information extraction 12. Creating an external cue 16. A paperclip to bookmark a page in the procedure someone is following..
(73) Performance weak resilience signal. A. W. Siegel. 61.
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(79) Performance weak resilience signal. Time delay in minutes. 6.0. Average delay per train in the 1700 serie 31-3-2014 to 4-4-2014. 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0. 0.0 -1.0. 31-mrt workstation 1. 1-apr. 2-apr. workstation 2. 3-apr. workstation 3. A. W. Siegel. 4-apr total. SD. 67.
(80) Team reflection on weak resilience signals. Average delay per train in the 1700 serie with exclusion of the 'hooligan trains' on 2-4-2014 time delay in minutes. 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 -0.5. 31-mrt workstation 1 total. 68. 1-apr. 2-apr workstation 2 SD. A. W. Siegel. 3-apr. 4-apr workstation 3 Linear (total).
(81) Performance weak resilience signal. A. W. Siegel. 69.
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(85) Team reflection in rail operations. A. W. Siegel. 73.
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(88) Team reflection on weak resilience signals. events (Branlat & Woods, 2010).. 76. A. W. Siegel.
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(105) Team reflection in rail operations. Date Num. of Num. of Num. of Num. of Num. of communicators discussed & trains trains with procedures ref. cases shift discussed deviation discussed Ttl T-Driver Police Colleague Other discussed 4 9E 7 4 5 4 1 0 0 4 9L 13 3 3 3 1 0 2 0 3 27 E 8 8 11 11 6 3 0 2 8 27 L 9 7 7 11 7 0 1 3 7 28 E 8 3 3 5 3 1 1 0 3 28 L 5 1 3 1 1 0 0 0 1 29 E 8 3 4 3 2 0 1 0 3 29 L 4 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 E 4 3 4 3 3 0 0 0 3 30 L 4 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1E 9 2 2 4 2 1 0 1 2. A. W. Siegel. 93.
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(107) Team reflection in rail operations. . A. W. Siegel. 95.
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(109) Team reflection in rail operations. 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑡 𝑡𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑓𝑡. 𝑎𝑐𝑡,𝑑𝑒𝑝/𝑎𝑟𝑟. 𝑒𝑛𝑑 𝑡𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑓𝑡. 𝑃𝑖,𝑗 = 𝑡𝑖,𝑗. 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛,𝑑𝑒𝑝/𝑎𝑟𝑟. −. 𝑎𝑐𝑡,𝑑𝑒𝑝/𝑎𝑟𝑟. 𝑡𝑖,𝑗. 𝑡𝑖,𝑗. 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛,𝑑𝑒𝑝/𝑎𝑟𝑟. 𝑡𝑖,𝑗. 𝑆𝐵𝑗 , 𝑆𝐸𝑗 ∈ {𝑆𝑗 , 𝑗 = 1, … , 𝑚} ∈ 𝐴 𝑎𝑐𝑡,𝑑𝑒𝑝 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛,𝑑𝑒𝑝 𝑃𝑖,𝐵𝑗 = 𝑡𝑖,𝐵𝑗 − 𝑡𝑖,𝐵𝑗. 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛,𝑎𝑟𝑟 𝑎𝑐𝑡,𝑎𝑟𝑟 𝑃𝑖,𝐸𝑗 = 𝑡𝑖,𝐸𝑗 − 𝑡𝑖,𝐸𝑗. (𝑃𝑖,𝐵𝑗 𝑜𝑟 𝑃𝑖,𝐸𝑗 ) ≥ 𝑡𝑑. 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛,𝑎𝑟𝑟 𝑡𝑖,𝑗. ∆𝐴 𝑃𝑖 ̅̅̅̅̅ ∆ 𝐴 𝑃𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑝. ∆𝐴𝑃𝑖 = 𝑃𝑖,𝐸𝑗 − 𝑃𝑖,𝐵𝑗 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑡 𝑡𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑓𝑡. 𝑒𝑛𝑑 𝑡𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑓𝑡. 1. ̅̅̅̅̅ ∆𝐴 𝑃𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑓𝑡 = 𝑛 ∑𝑛𝑖=1 ∆𝐴 𝑃𝑖,𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑓𝑡 𝑎𝑐𝑡,𝑑𝑒𝑝 𝑎𝑐𝑡,𝑎𝑟𝑟 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑡 𝑒𝑛𝑑 𝑡𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑓𝑡 ≤ 𝑡𝑖,𝐵𝑗 𝑜𝑟 𝑡𝑖,𝐸𝑗 ≤ 𝑡𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑓𝑡. ̅̅̅̅̅ ∆𝐴 𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑓 ̅̅̅̅̅ ∆𝐴 𝑃𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑓𝑡 A. W. Siegel. ̅̅̅̅̅ ∆𝐴𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑓 97.
(110) Team reflection on weak resilience signals. 98. A. W. Siegel.
(111) Design & prototype in rail operations. A. W. Siegel. 99.
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(137) Summary and conclusions. A. W. Siegel. 125.
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(139) Summary and conclusions. A. W. Siegel. 127.
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(149) References. A. W. Siegel. 137.
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(151) References. A. W. Siegel. 139.
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(167) Samenvatting. A. W. Siegel. 155.
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(171) Samenvatting. A. W. Siegel. 159.
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(173) Dankwoord. A. W. Siegel. 161.
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(175) Dankwoord. אריאל. A. W. Siegel. 163.
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(177) Curriculum Vitae. A. W. Siegel. 165.
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