APPENDIX I
DAPP – project
By government decrees of 1995 the District Autonomy Pilot Project (DAPP, Proyek percontohan otonomi daerah) was founded. This pilot projects objective was to simplify and integrate the administrative arrangements for improving government performance at regional level by increasing the autonomy of 26 regencies/municipalities Level II.1 These regencies and municipalities were given full competence for the management of services and projects, implying transfer of budget, staff and physical assets.
On the one hand, the DAPP was meant to set an example how district autonomy should look like. On the other hand, the DAPP is perceived as a test, an experiment to find out how district autonomy could look like.
Unfortunately, the principle that all functions and tasks transferred to lower levels must be accompanied by attendant resources has been grossly breached. This alone has meant that the resources available to implement the functions in the 26 districts have been less than when these functions were held in the deconcentrated arms of higher levels, and less than most of their non-participating neighbouring districts, who continued to receive from higher levels.2 For the clients and public touched by the services, which have newly been transferred, the DAPP has probably in many cases meant a reduction rather than an improvement in services. The inability and unwillingness to transfer the requisite funding has been particularly deleterious for districts with a low level of own revenues. Only for districts with a substantial own revenue base like Badung in Bali, has this problem been attenuated by an infusion from the district budget.
Next to the failure to pass on the required financial resources, the monitoring and evaluation system put in place for the DAPP only focused on the question in how far the transfers fixed in the legal products of the DAPP were realized.3 These two facts raise the question in how far decentralisation measures developed in the framework of the DAPP can be made an object of broader reflection about the best way to manage and implement the decentralisation process in a more sustainable and effective way in the future.
Nevertheless DAPP was an important first step in promoting decentralisation and in creating some political momentum for all concerned parties to become more active operationally.
1 M. Noordhoek and L. Schmit, "Public administration and decentralisation in Indonesia", Leiden 1999. 2
J. Alm and R. Bahl, Decentralization in Indonesia: Prospects and Problems, Department of Economics, School of Policy Studies, Georgia State University, U.S.A., 1999.
3
J. Alm and R. Bahl, Decentralization in Indonesia: Prospects and Problems, Department of Economics, School of Policy Studies, Georgia State University, U.S.A., 1999.
APPENDIX II
Structure of Interview
Information concerning the Department of Education Propinsi Bali, Department of Education Tingkat I Propinsi Bali and the Kanwil Department of Education Propinsi Bali.
The Department of Education Propinsi Bali
Structure of the Department of Education Propinsi Bali:
• the structure of the Department of Education according to the laws 1974, 1979 and others, before the implementation of the laws on regional autonomy and finance, UUD 22/1999 and UUD 25/1999;
• the real structure of the Department of Education before the implementation of the laws on regional autonomy and finance, UUD 22/1999 and UUD 25/1999;
• the new structure of the Department of Education according to the laws on regional autonomy and finance, UUD 22/1999 and UUD 25/1999;
• the real structure of the Department of Education at this moment.
Specific implementation-clauses of the laws on regional autonomy and finance, UUD 22/1999 and UUD 25/1999, defining the new structure and function of the Department of Education Propinsi Bali.
Department of Education Tingkat I Propinsi Bali
Function of the Department of Education Tingkat I Propinsi Bali:
• the function of the Department of Education Tingkat I according to the laws 1974, 1979 and others, before the implementation of the laws on regional autonomy and finance, UUD 22/1999 and UUD 25/1999;
• the new function of the Department of Education Tingkat I according to the laws on regional autonomy and finance, UUD 22/1999 and UUD 25/1999.
Authorities and responsibilities of the Department of Education Tingkat I Propinsi Bali:
• organisational chart of authorities and responsibilities of the Department of Education Tingkat I before the implementation of the laws on regional autonomy and finance, UUD 22/1999 and UUD 25/1999;
• which authorities and responsibilities change after the implementation of the laws on regional autonomy and finance, UUD 22/1999 and UUD 25/1999.
Kanwil Department of Education Propinsi Bali
Organisational chart (structure of the management-organisation) of the Kanwil Department of Education Propinsi Bali:
• the structure of the management organisation before the implementation of the laws on regional autonomy and finance, UUD 22/1999 and UUD 25/1999;
• the real structure of the management organisation at this moment;
• the structure of the management organisation after the implementation of the laws on regional autonomy and finance, UUD 22/1999 and UUD 25/1999, if this is already known.
Personal opinions Personal opinions about:
• decentralisation in Indonesia in general and the Department of Education Propinsi Bali in specific;
• problems concerning the implementation of the laws on regional autonomy and finance, UUD 22/1999 and UUD 25/1999 at the Department of Education Tingkat I Propinsi Bali;
• improvements regarding the decentralisation process and in particular the
implementation of the laws on regional autonomy and finance, UUD 22/1999 and UUD 25/1999 at the Department of Education Tingkat I.
Informasi mengenai Departemen Pendidikan Propinsi Bali, Departemen Pendidikan Tingkat I Propinsi Bali dan Kanwil Departemen Pendidikan Propinsi Bali
Departemen Pendidikan Propinsi Bali
Struktur Departemen Pendidikan Propinsi Bali:
• struktur Departemen Pendidikan sesuai dengan UUD 1974, 1979 dan lainnya, sebelum pelaksanaan Undang-undang tentang Otonomi Daerah dan keuangan, UUD 22/1999 dan UUD 25/1999;
• struktur Departemen Pendidikan sebelum pelaksanaan Otonomi Daerah dan keuangan, UUD 22/1999 dan UUD 25/1999;
• struktur departemen Pendidikan yuang baru sesuai dengan Otonomi Daerah dan Keuangan, UUD 22/1999 dan UUD 25/1999;
• struktur Departemen Pendidikan sekarang.
Pelaksanaan khusus dari Otonomi Daerah dan keuangan, UUD 22/1999 dan UUD 25/1999, terangkan struktur yang baru dan fungsi Departemen Pendidikan Propinsi Bali. Departemen Pendidikan Tingkat I Propinsi Bali
Fungsi Departmen Pendidikan Propinsi Bali:
• fungsi Departmen Pendidikan Tingkat I Propinsi Bali sesuai dengan UUD 1974, 1979 dan lainnya, sebelum pelaksanaan Otonomi Daerah dan keuangan, UUD 22/1999 dan UUD 25/1999;
• fungsi yang baru dari Departmen Pendidikan Tingkat I sesuai dengan Otonomi Daerah dan keuangan, UUD 22/1999 dan UUD 25/1999.
Wewenang dan tanggung jawab dari Departemen Pendidikan Tingkat I Propinsi Bali:
• struktur organisasi kewenangan dan tanggun jawab Departemen Pendidikan Tingkat I sebelum pelaksanaan Otonomi Daerah dan keuangan, UUD 22/1999 dan UUD 25/1999;
• perubahan kewenangan dan tanggung jawab setelah adanya Otonomi Daerah dan keuangan, UUD 22/1999 dan UUD 25/1999.
Kanwil Departemen Pendidikan Propinsi Bali
Struktur organisasi (Struktur Managemen) dari Kanwil Departemen Pendidikan Propinsi Bali:
• struktur managemen sebelum pelaksanaan Otonomi Daerah dan keuangan, UUD 22/1999 dan 25/1999;
• struktur managemen sekarang ini;
• struktur managemen setelah pelaksanaan Otonomi Daerah dan keuangan , UUD 22/1999 dan 25/1999. Jika di ketahui.
Saran-saran/ pesan dan kesan Pesan dan kesan pribadi tentang:
• desentralisasi di Indonesia pada umumnya dan Departemen Pendidikan Propinsi Bali khususnya;
• Masalah-masalah mengenai pelaksanaan Otonomi Daerah dan keuangan, UUD 22/1999 dan 25/1999 di Departemen Pendidikan Tingkat I Propinsi Bali;
• Perbaikan-perbaikan tentang proses desentralisasi dan tentunya pelaksanaan Undang-undang Otonomi Daerah dan keuangan, UUD 22/1999 dan 25/1999 di Departmen Pendidikan Tingkat I Propinsi Bali.
APPENDIX III
The organisational structure of the Department of Education Level I of the Province of Bali, before the implementation of laws 22/1999 and 25/1999.
Source: Bapak Amon, Head of Sub-Dinas Highschool and Professional trainingschool, Denpasar, 07-20-2001/ G. Ranis and F. Stewart, Decentralisation in Indonesia, Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, Vol. 30 No. 3, pp. 41-72, December 1994.
APPENDIX IV
The organisational structure of the Dinas Pendidikan (Dinas Education, decentralised branch).
Source: Peraturan Daerah Propinsi Daerah Tingkat I Bali, Nomor 11 tahun 1990 tentang pembentukan, organisasi dan tata kerja Dinas Pendidikan Dasar Propinsi Daerah Tingkat I Bali; Gubernur Kepala Daerah Tingkat I Bali, 1990.
APPENDIX V
The organisational structure of Kantor Wilayah Depdikbud type B (Kantor Wilayah Department of Education, deconcentrated branch).
Source: Keputasan, Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan tentang Perindan tugas satuan organisasi, koordinator urusan administrasi, pengawas dan penilik di lingkungan
instansi vertikal Departement Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, Republik Indonesia, No. 0304/0/1984, p. 2-4.
1. Elementary School and the education of teachers-Sector a. Section Curriculum for elementary schools;
b. Section Curriculum for education of teachers; c. Section Human Resources;
d. Section Education tools; e. Section Private Schools. 2. Highschool-Sector a. Section Curriculum; b. Section Human Resources; c. Section Education tools; d. Section Private Schools.
3. Professional trainingschool-Sector e. Section Curriculum;
f. Section Human Resources; g. Section Education tools; h. Section Private Schools. 4. Society education-Sector
a. Section Organisation of programs; b. Section Human Resources;
c. Section Education tools.
5. Encouraging the young generation-Sector a. Section Organisation of programs; b. Section Human Resources;
c. Section Education of tools; d. Section Encouraging education. 6. Sports-Sector
a. Section Organisation of programs; b. Section Human Resources;
c. Section Sport tools. Supervisors
Supervisors have the task to control and evaluate the activities of the Department of Education. The activities of the supervisors are coordinated by the Head of the Sector Elementary school and the education of teachers, Highschool, and Professional trainingschool.
APPENDIX VI
The organisational structure of the government at the provincial level based on Law No. 22/1999 regarding regional governance.
APPENDIX VII
The organisational structure of the Dinas of Education.
Source: Keputusan Gubernur Bali, Nomor 30 Tahun 2001 tentang Uraian Tugas Dinas Pendidikan, Gubernur Bali, 2001.
The UPTD (Unit Pelaksana Teknis Dinas/ Official Technical Execution Unit) and the Kelompok Jabatan Fungsional (working units) are formed based on the needs. The Dinas Pendidikan Propinsi has not yet formed these units.
APPENDIX VIII
The new authority of the province is defined in Article 3 of government regulation 25/2000 about government authority and province authority as an autonomous region:4 Article 3:
1) The authority of the province as an autonomous region involves government authority over regencies/ municipalities as mentioned in Article 9 of Law 22/1999 concerning regional governance;
2) The authority as described in Article 9 of Law 22/1999 concerning regional governance mentioned in subsection 1, is the authority over planning and control of inter-regional development, special sector training, allocation of human resources, research with a provincial scope, management of the regional harbour, control of the life-environment, trade/ tourism promotions, epidemics and
environmental planning within the scope of the province;
3) The regencies/ municipalities have the authority to carry out all the services except for the services mentioned in subsection 1. The authority of the services that the regencies/ municipalities are not (yet) able to carry out can be partly handed over to the province based on mutual agreement between the province and the regencies/ municipalities.
4
Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia, Nomor 25 Tahun 2000 tentang kewenangan pemerintah dan
kewenangan propinsi sebagai daerah otonom, Secretariat jenderal departemen dalam negeri PK HKD,
APPENDIX IX
The Kanwil has made the following suggestions for the provincial authority of the Department of Education as an autonomous region:5
1) to determine standard public service-quality for the activities of the young generation in the region;
2) to determine guidelines for teachers and technical specialists at the level of regencies and municipalities;
3) to determine guidelines for allocation and distribution of teachers of senior-highschool, professional trainingschool and technical specialists;
4) to determine policies concerning the admission of senior-highschool and professional trainingschool students and to help the students from minority groups;
5) to determine minimal service-standards, which have to be carried out by the regencies and municipalities;
6) to facilitate the efforts for levelling and promoting the quality of education; 7) to facilitate the provision of study material for kindergarten, elementary school,
junior-highschool and informal education;
8) to facilitate universities apart form determining the curriculum, the minimal standard quality level and the appointment of academic teachers;
9) to facilitate development efforts and utilisation of the young generation and sports;
10) to determine guidelines for education expenses, education management and school management;
11) to determine guidelines for the admission, allocation, alteration, career development and prosperity of teachers, lecturers and tutors;
12) to determine guidelines for monitoring the educational and cultural system; 13) to develop the local curriculum for senior-highschool and professional
trainingschool;
14) to give salaries to teachers, lecturers and tutors;
15) to implement the admission, allocation, alteration, career development and prosperity of teachers of senior-highschool, professional trainingschool and other educational specialists in the province of Bali;
16) to monitor senior-highschool and professional trainingschool education; 17) to determine the requirements for admission, alteration and certification of
students;
18) to determine the education calendar and amount of effective study hours for basic education.
5
Bahan masukan kewenangan Pemerintah Pusat dan kewenangan Propinsi sebagai Daerah Otonom, Kanwil Departemen Pendidikan Propinsi Bali, 2001.
